大脑中动脉血流指数诊断孕晚期不同孕周胎儿缺氧的意义

目的:探讨胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)血流指数诊断孕晚期不同孕周胎儿缺氧的临床应用价值。方法:选择2016年1月至2016年12月在我院行产前检查并于孕28~41~(+6)周住院分娩且经生后证实的无宫内缺氧新生儿1017例,宫内缺氧新生儿218例,均于产前应用彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿MCA血流动力学指数[阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、收缩期峰值流速舒张期流速比值(S/D)],比较孕晚期不同孕周(孕28~31~(+6)周、孕32~36~(+6)周,孕37~41~(+6)周)MCA各项血流指数情况,并判断其诊断效能。结果:①孕晚期正常胎儿MCA血流指数随孕周的升高而降低,孕足月降低显著。②孕晚期胎儿发生缺氧时,MCA各项血流指数降低显著。以RI0.6、PI1.6、S/D4.0为标准诊断孕28~31~(+6)周胎儿缺氧的约登指数为0.95,诊断孕32~36~(+6)周胎儿缺氧的约登指数为0.96,诊断孕37~41~(+6)周胎儿缺氧的约登指数为0.18。③对孕足月胎儿MCA作ROC曲线得出RI、PI、S/D的截断值分别为0.74、1.37、3.85,均高于正常均值。结论:胎儿MCA血流指数在诊断孕晚期不同孕周胎儿缺氧意义不同,对孕37~41~(+6)周孕足月胎儿不具诊断意义,应考虑孕周的影响以提高胎儿缺氧的诊断准确率。     

脐动脉血流速度检测及胎心监护对子宫内缺氧的预测价值

目的：比较多普勒超声脐动脉血流速度检测和胎儿监护－无负荷试验（NST）对胎儿宫内缺氧的预测价值。方法：检测4326例正常妊娠妇女的脐动脉收缩期最大血流速度（S）与舒张末期血流速度（D）的比值（S／D）、脐动脉血流博动指数（PI）、脐动脉血流阻力指数（RI）、快速血流速比（FVR）,建立妊娠晚期各孕周相应的正常值。同时对2873例正常晚期妊娠妇女,进行多普勒超声脐动脉血流速度检测和NST,追踪检测后1周内出生的新生儿情况,并与检测结果对照。结果：（1）正常妊娠妇女S／D、PI、RI值随孕周的增加而逐渐下降,FVR值则变化不大;（2）脐动脉血流S／D、PI、RI、FVR值和NST分别异常者,新生儿出生时表现有宫内缺氧情况者分别为62．0％、60．7％、63．3％、27．0％和75．7％,而脐动脉血流S／D、PI、RI、FVR值和NST正常者,新生儿出生时表现有宫内缺氧情况者分别为12．8％、13．9％、13．0％、15．7％和7．5％,两者比较差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）。（3）多因素回归分析显示,RI和NST两个变量与胎儿宫内缺氧关系密切,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：NST和RI值在正常妊娠妇女中,预测宫内缺氧的临床价值较好,多指标检测分析比单一指标更准确。     

静脉导管、脐静脉和脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流检测对子痫前期胎儿预后分析

目的:探讨子痫前期(PE)胎儿静脉导管(DV)、脐静脉(UV)和脐动脉(UA)及大脑中动脉(MCA)血流检测对围生儿预后分析。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声检测PE胎儿的DV、UV和UA及MCA血流参数,并与相应孕周正常妊娠胎儿的血流测值进行对照分析,研究分析其与胎儿不良结局的关系。结果:28~31+6周及36周~分娩前,重度PE胎儿的DV、UV血流测值较正常、轻度PE胎儿升高(P0.05),轻度PE与正常胎儿比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。32周~35+6周,PE胎儿的DV血流参数测值PLI、PVIV、PIV及Qdv/Quv随着PE严重程度呈上升趋势(P0.05)。28周~分娩前,重度PE胎儿UA血流测值较正常、轻度PE胎儿升高(P0.05),轻度PE胎儿UA血流测值RI、PI、S/D与正常胎儿比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),28~36周PE胎儿的MCA血流测值RI、PI、S/D与正常胎儿比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PE胎儿DV、UV、UA血流测值与新生儿的出生体重、Apgar评分、脐动脉血氧饱和度、脐静脉p H值呈负相关。PE胎儿DV的PVIV、PIV,UV的Qdv/Quv,UA的PI、S/D和MCA的RI值与新生儿出生结局相关(P0.05)。结论:DV、UV血流频谱变化可反映PE胎儿宫内状况及预测出生不良结局,若结合UA、MCA血流频谱进行联合分析,将能更准确地评估胎儿的宫内状况。     

正常妊娠和妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇子宫动脉及其胎儿脐动脉血流动态变化规律的多中心研究

目的 探讨正常妊娠妇女和妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)孕妇妊娠早、中、晚期子宫动脉及其胎儿脐动脉血流动态变化的规律.方法 选择2005年4月-2006年7月在四川大学华西第二医院、南京医科大学第一附属医院、首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院、华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院和上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院,行产前检查的正常单胎孕妇1098例,平均年龄(28.3±3.3)岁.在妊娠早期(10～14周)、妊娠中期(20～26周)、妊娠晚期(30～36周)采用彩色多普勒超声(彩超)检测孕妇子宫动脉及其胎儿脐动脉的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)和脐动脉收缩压最大血流速度(S)与舒张末期最大血流速度(D)比值(S/D).在孕期发生HDP的孕妇为HDP组,未发生HDP的孕妇为正常妊娠组.结果 (1)HDP发生率:1098例孕妇中,正常妊娠分娩者1054例(正常妊娠组),发生HDP44例(HDP组,其中妊娠期高血压20例,轻度子痫前期15例,重度子痫前期9例),发生率为4.01%(44/1098).(2)子宫动脉血流动态变化:正常妊娠组妊娠早、中、晚期孕妇子宫动脉RI分别为0.64、0.57及0.50,PI分别为1.24、0.98及0.80,S/D分别为3.26、2.58及2.20,3项指标随妊娠进展而逐渐降低,妊娠早、中、晚期分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).HDP组妊娠早、中、晚期孕妇子宫动脉RI分别为0.55、0.67及0.64,PI分别为1.22、1.36及1.20,S/D分别为3.18、3.41及3.05,3项指标中孕中期最高,妊娠早、中、晚期分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).HDP组孕妇妊娠中、晚期子宫动脉RI、PI及S/D均高于正常妊娠组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)胎儿脐动脉血流动态变化:正常妊娠组妊娠中、晚期胎儿脐动脉RI分别为0.71及0.58,PI分别为1. 16及0.87,S/D分别为3.58及2.48,3项指标随妊娠进展而逐渐降低,妊娠中期与晚期比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).HDP组妊娠中、晚期胎儿脐动脉RI分别为0.71及0.63,PI分别为1.20及0.95,S/D分别为3.71及2.69,3项指标随妊娠进展虽有逐渐降低趋势,但与正常妊娠组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 随着妊娠进展,正常妊娠妇女子宫动脉的血流阻力逐渐下降,舒张末期血流增加;而HDP孕妇随妊娠进展子宫动脉的血流阻力明显升高;正常妊娠妇女和HDP孕妇随妊娠进展其胎儿脐动脉血流阻力均明显下降.     

硝酸甘油对高危妊娠胎儿—胎盘血流动力学的影响

应用Acuson-128彩色电脑声像仪监测12例高危妊娠孕妇应用硝酸甘油前后的脐动脉、胎儿大脑中动脉,胎儿腹主动脉的血流动力学变化。结果:用药后脐动脉的搏动指数(PI),阻力指数(RI)和S/D值均显著降低(P<0.001),胎儿大脑中动脉和胎儿腹主动脉的PI、RI和S/D值无显著改变,呈现良好的耐受性,表明应用硝酸甘油可明显降低脐-胎盘血管阻力,是改善胎儿血氧供应的简便、有效方法,并对硝酸甘油的作用机理进行了讨论。     

胎儿脑、肾及脐动脉血流速度波型与围产儿结局

目的 探讨胎儿血流速度波型与围产儿结局的关系及高危妊娠胎儿缺氧时血液动力学变化的特点.方法 采用超声多普勒检测了46例正常晚期妊娠和32例高危妊娠胎儿脐动脉(UmA)、大脑中动脉(CMA)及肾动脉(RA)的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩末期和舒张末期血流速度峰值的比值(S/D)三项阻力指标,并与围产儿结局进行对比分析.结果 高危组UmA、RA的RI、PI及S/D均高于正常组;胎儿CMA与RA的搏动指数比值,即PICMA/PIRA与围产儿结局的符合率最高,PICMA/PIRA≥1者,无围产儿结局不良,而＜1者有83.33%出现围产儿结局不良.结论 高危妊娠胎儿缺氧时脏器血流量改变,表现为肾血管血流阻力明显增高,脑血管阻力明显降低,胎儿血管的血液动力学状况与缺氧有良好相关性.RA的阻力指标可敏感预测围产儿缺氧.     

用超声多普勒法同时分析子宫动脉和脐动脉的血流判定胎儿的预后

近年来,开始用超声多普勒法评价母儿胎盘循环动态。常用的指标有:代表动脉末梢阻力的波动指数(PI)、收缩流速/舒张流速(S/D)比率及阻力指数(R I)等。笔者应用上述指标,对正常及高危妊娠的脐动脉、子宫动脉的血流进行分析,求出各孕周的正常范围,并对高危妊娠的预后进行探讨。共测定正常妊娠75例,高危妊娠者114例,其中妊高征42例,其他异常妊娠65例,既往有产科异常者7例。结果:(1)PI、S/D及RI的正常值和异常标准:正常妊娠的脐动脉及子宫动脉的血流波型为舒张期血流丰富,呈现特有的血流波型,而异常妊     

正常双胎及单胎胎儿大脑中动脉搏动指数变化的比较

目的 探讨正常双胎妊娠期间胎儿大脑中动脉搏动指数的变化;并与正常单胎进行比较.方法 采用彩色多普勒超声对34例正常双胎及176例正常单胎胎儿从孕23周至孕35周进行大脑中动脉搏动指数测定.结果 正常双胎胎儿大脑中动脉搏动指数随孕周呈逐渐下降趋势,与正常单胎胎儿比较,孕29周前该值为低,以后较之略高.结论 孕29周后双胎胎儿大脑中动脉血流阻力比单胎其值为高.     

妊高征患者胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流动力学研究

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征(PHI)患者胎儿脐动脉(UA)及大脑中动脉(MCA)的血流动力学变化规律,评价彩色多普勒血流显像技术在PIH上的利用价值。方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像术检测95例正常晚期妊娠和52例PHI患者胎儿UA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及MCA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI),计算MCA—PI/UA—PI、MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值,均取平均值比较。结果PIH组与正常组UA—PI值比较有明显增高(P<0.01),而UA—RI值二组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);MCA—PI值与MCA—RI值仅在重度PIH组与正常组间比较有显著降低(P<0.01);MCA—PI/UA—PI及MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值与正常组比较均有明显降低(P<0.01);重度PIH组MCA—PI/UA—PI及MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值二者均小于1。预测围产儿结局方面,MCA—PI/UA—PI具有高的敏感性(88.89％)、特异性(97.06％)、阳性预测值(94.12％)及阴性预测值(94.28％),其诊断指数最高为0.86,且与单一血管比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论妊高征患者胎儿的胎盘循环与颅脑循环的血流动力学变化规律不一致,二者结合在预测妊高征病情发展程度和预测围产儿结局方面有重要的临床价值。     

正常晚期妊娠胎儿脐动脉,大脑中动脉及腹主动脉血流速度波形与？…

目的 探讨正常妊娠胎儿血流速度波形与胎儿血气的相关性,方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对４５例正常晚期妊娠初孕妇女于剖宫产术时２４小时内进行胎儿脐动脉（ＵＡ）,大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）及腹主动脉（ＡｂＡｏ）的血流速度波形（ＦＶＷｓ）检查,计算搏动指数（ＰＩ）,阻力指数（ＲＩ）及收缩期最大血流速度（Ｓ）与舒张末期血流速度（Ｄ）的比值（Ｓ／Ｄ）,同时对剖宫产分娩的新生称立即进行脐动脉血气ｐＨ,二氧化碳分压（ＰＣＯ     

Relationship between doppler velocimetry at middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery and status of newborn after delivery

OBJECTIVES: Aim of research was estimation of correlation between doppler parameters and fetal state after delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-one pregnancies treated in Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz was investigated between 1998-2002. Pregnancies were estimated between 27 and 43 Hbd. Ultrasound examination using pulse and color Doppler was performed (ACUSON XP 128) and PI, RI, S/D, MCA, UA were estimated. DESIGN: Following doppler parameters were analyzed: pulsatile index (PI), resistance index (RI) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) and in umbilical cord artery (UA). The newborn children were estimated by Apgar score in first minute of life (AP1). Correlation between amount of amniotic fluid index (AFI) and newborn state in first minute after delivery was investigated too. RESULTS: There were following correlations in this investigation: (1) negative between UA PI and AP1 (-0.26); (2) negative between UA RI and AP1 (-0.23); (3) negative between UAS/D and AP1 (-0.16); (4) negative between AFI and API (-0.06); (5) lack of statistical correlation between MCA PI, MCA RI, MCA S/D and AP1. We considered following covariancies: (1) negative between AFI and AP1 (-1.03); (2) negative between UA S/D and AP1 (-0.42); (3) negative between UA PI and AP1 (-0.23); (4) negative between UA RI and AP1 (-0.09). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that Doppler investigations by measure of parameters of blood flow in umbilical cord artery (PI, RI, S/D) can be predictive to fetal threat and useful in estimation of newborn state.     

胎儿脑及脐动脉血流检测的临床意义

应用彩色多普勒超声，检测正常妊娠妇女４８例（正常妊娠组），妊高征患者３４例（妊高征组），妊高征合并胎儿生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）５４例（ＩＵＧＲ组）儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流速波，计算血流的收缩末期峰值与舒张末期峰值的比值、脉搏指数、阻力指数。     

Umbilical and middle cerebral artery Doppler indices in patients with preeclampsia

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in Doppler ultrasound studies of fetal circulation in normal pregnancies with those of a group of preeclamptic patients both with and without intrauterine growth retardation and to demonstrate the best index for predicting adverse perinatal outcome or IUGR. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed on 125 normal pregnancies and 62 preeclamptic patients at 31-40 weeks of gestation. The umbilical artery systolic-diastolic ratio (UA S/D), UA pulsatility index (PI), the middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, and the ratio of MCA PI to UA PI were measured. The mean values of the Doppler indices were compared. Different cut-off values (mean +/-2 S.D.) were used for the 31st-35th and the 36th-40th weeks. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between normal pregnancies and preeclamptic patients without IUGR using the mean MCA PI and the MCA PI/UA PI ratio. In the preeclamptic patients with IUGR, all the mean Doppler indices were different from those of the normal pregnancies. In the preeclamptic patients with IUGR the values were different from the preeclamptic patients without IUGR, except for the MCA PI at 31-35 weeks. The UA S/D had the highest sensitivity (88%) and diagnostic accuracy (94%) in predicting the adverse perinatal outcome. The MCA PI/UA PI ratio showed the highest predictive value in determining IUGR by a sensitivity of 84% and a diagnostic accuracy of 87%. CONCLUSION: Both abnormal umbilical Doppler indices and cerebral-umbilical ratio are strong predictors of IUGR and of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia. The MCA PI alone is not a reliable indicator. The combination of umbilical and fetal cerebral Doppler indices may increase the utility of Doppler ultrasound in preeclamptic subjects.     

Prediction of neonatal acidosis by ductus venosus Doppler pattern in high risk pregnancies

Study objectiveEvaluate whether ductus venosus (DV) Doppler velocimetry might be a good diagnostic tool of neonatal acidosis than umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocities.DesignProspective observational study.SettingHigh risk pregnancy unit of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital.PatientsThirty high-risk pregnant patients in their third trimester.MethodRecording of DV, UA and MCA blood velocity in complicated pregnancies referred to umbilical artery (UA) velocimetry as one aspect of fetal surveillance.Measurements and main resultsDV S/D ratio was not reliable to predict hypoxia (AUC 66%), PI was weak (73%), but RI was reliable to predict hypoxia (AUC 88%). On comparing the diagnostic ability of DV RI and MCA S/D, DV RI showed a diagnostic ability than MCA S/D, AUC 88% and 82% respectively.ConclusionAbnormal DV blood velocity is more frequently recorded in high-risk pregnancies than UA, MCA blood velocities. Ductus venosus resistance index (DV RI) appears to be a better predictor of perinatal outcome than MCA S/D.     

血液动力学指标预测胎儿缺氧及酸中毒的价值

目的：评价血液动力学指标预测胎儿缺氧及酸中毒的价值。方法：用彩色多普勒超声检测了４６例正常晚期妊娠（正常组）和３２例高危妊娠（高危组）妇女子宫动脉（ＵｔＡ）和胎儿脐动脉（ＵｍＡ）、大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）、肾动脉（ＲＡ）的血流速度波型，并且测定高危组脐动脉血气。结果：高危组ＵｔＡ、ＵｍＡ、ＲＡ的阻力指数（ＲＩ）、搏动指数（ＰＩ）及收缩期最大血流速度（Ｓ）与舒张末期血流速度（Ｄ）的比值（Ｓ／Ｄ值）均高于正常组，而ＭＣＡ的ＰＩ及Ｓ／Ｄ值均明显低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。与ＵｍＡＰＯ２＞２．５ｋＰａ的高危妊娠病例比较，ＵｍＡＰＯ２≤２．５ｋＰａ者ＵｔＡ的Ｓ／Ｄ值、ＵｍＡ的ＰＩ、Ｓ／Ｄ值以及ＲＡ的ＲＩ、ＰＩ、Ｓ／Ｄ值均明显增高，ＭＣＡ的ＰＩ明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＵｍＡ及ＲＡ的ＰＩ与ＵｍＡＰＯ２和ｐＨ值呈负相关，与ＰＣＯ２呈正相关；ＭＣＡ的ＰＩ与ＵｍＡ的ｐＨ、ＰＯ２呈正相关，与ＰＣＯ２呈负相关。结论：高危妊娠胎儿缺氧时ＭＣＡ血流阻力降低，而周围血管，特别是肾血管血流阻力明显升高；胎儿血液动力学变化与缺氧及酸碱平衡失调呈良好相关性，可预测胎儿缺氧及酸中毒的程度。     

Utility of Doppler velocimetry in correlating with outcomes in severe discordant twins.

Twin birth weight discordance is associated with poor perinatal outcome. Three cases of severe discordant twins were serially assessed by ultrasound biometry and the Doppler ultrasonography of both the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) to measure pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and the systolic and diastolic ratio (S/D ratio). The birth weight discrepancies in three cases are 38%, 69% and 68%, respectively. Doppler velocimetry revealed a discrepancy in the S/D ratio of MCA and UA more than 15%. Absent end-diastolic flow, or the brain sparing effect, was noted in three small twins. Cerebral-umbilical S/D ratio (CUR) (MCA/UA) of the twins was above 1 in large ones and below 1 in small ones. The small twin in case 3 expired after delivery. In conclusion, if the CUR of the S/D ratio of the fetus is below 1, the prognosis might be poor and fetal weight discordancy might be progressively larger.     

The Doppler cerebroplacental ratios and perinatal outcome in post-term pregnancy

Our purpose was to determine whether the Doppler cerebroplacental ratios predicts perinatal outcome in postterm pregnancy. The middle cerebral to umbilical artery resistant and pulsatility indices (MCA PI/UA PI and MCA RI/UA RI) were measured in 59 postterm pregnancies. We found significant correlation between MCA PI/UA PI, MCA RI/UA RI, nonstress testing and intrapartum fetal heart rate assessment. There was also an association between MCA PI/UA PI and 1- and 5-minute Apgar score. We conclude that the Doppler cerebroplacental ratios provide useful information about perinatal outcome.