某院出院病历质量调查

目的：了解某医院出院病历质量现状,分析缺陷成因,探讨管理对策,为医院病历质量管理提供参考。方法2015年1—12月出院病历共96842份,分层随机抽取15086份进行质控,对质控结果进行汇总分析。结果甲级病案率为96．7％,病历质量总体处于优良水平。存在问题的病历占44．75％,手术科室缺陷率高于非手术科室。缺陷10212项,缺陷项前三位分别为上级医师首次查房记录缺陷、首次病程记录缺陷、入院记录缺陷。结论落实病历质控制度化、常态化、精细化管理,是强化病历质量标准,进一步规范病历书写,提高病历内涵质量的有效措施;通过病历缺陷分析、讲评,强化主干医疗制度的落实,是促进医疗质量持续改进的有力抓手。     

电子病历质量监控系统的功能与应用

目的：加强病历质控,提高病历质量,保障医疗安全。方法有效运用电子病历质控系统,对在院病历进行系统检查、环节实时分级控制、持续质量改进,对出院病历进行终末控制。结果病历及时性提高,雷同率降低,医院病历质量明显提高。结论利用电子病历质控系统,病历质量得到持续改进,病历完整性、正确性有了明显提高,保证病案医疗、教学、科研等服务水平。     

1862份病历质量缺陷分析

目的分析医院医疗质量存在的缺陷问题,提出相应对策。方法随机抽取某院2011年1～3月1 862份出院病历,对照医院相关标准审核评分,统计分析其中反映的医疗质量缺陷。结果在质量管理方面,医院内涵质量还有待提高。结论要落实相关措施,整体提升医疗质量管理水平。     

改变科室管理突破医疗质量管理瓶颈

科室质量管理滞后,已成为医疗质量管理的瓶颈,它使院、科级质量管理脱节,执行力削弱;环节质控不落实,质量内涵缺失;质量缺陷欠分析,持续改进不力。强化科室质量管理,就要搭平台、定职责,畅通科室质量管理渠道;抓教育,做培训,培养科室管理技能;树典型,促落实,提高科室管理效率。     

我院落实出院病例讨论制度的实践

卫生部1982年版和2010年版修订的《医院工作制度和人员岗位职责》[1],均把出院病例讨论制度列为医院管理的基本管理制度,并明确指出:"有条件的医院(二级甲等以上医院),应当定期(每月1～2次)举行出院病例讨论会";"出院病例讨论会可以分科举行(由主任或副主任/副主任医师主持)或分病室(组)举行";"对该期间出院的病历依次进行审查".然而,该项制度在落实中常被忽视.如何有效地开展出院病例讨论,促进临床科室医疗质量管理水平提高,建立临床科室医疗质量管理与持续改进的长效机制,值得关注.     

某院医疗质量管理现状的调查与思考

通过对某院48个临床、医技科室医疗质量管理现状进行调查,发现在科室管理、核心制度落实、运行病历书写、“三基三严”、医技质量等方面不同程度的存在一些问题,针对问题提出改进建议。     

二胎政策下产科病历书写质量分析及管理对策

目的比较二胎政策实施前后产科病历书写质量变化情况,探讨二胎政策下提高产科病历书写质量的管理对策。方法收集某院2013年-2016 年产科病历书写质量数据,进行回顾性描述分析。结果二胎政策实施后,该院产科病历书写缺陷率由0.74%提高为0.94%,围手术期记录缺陷与首页缺陷均明显增加。结论医院应把好科室自查关,落实病历环节质控,促进产科病历书写质量和医疗服务质量双提高。     

Ridit法在病历质量评价中的应用

目的 通过对2009-2011年的终末病历缺陷程度进行评价,总结近3年加强病历缺陷控制的成果,便于进一步提升病历质量.方法 将3年的病历分类,分为重度缺陷病历、中度缺陷病历、轻度缺陷病历、无缺陷病历4个等级,采用Ridit法综合评价其质量优劣程度.结果 全院3年的病历质量等级值由高到低为：2011年＞2010年＞2009年,呈稳步上升趋势.结论 病历质量是医院医疗质量的真实体现,提高医疗质量首先是抓好病历缺陷控制.利用 Ridit分析法,定期或分科对医院病历质量进行评价比较,能准确反映各阶段或各科室的医疗质量管理水平.     

构建病历质控体系提高病历质量

以科室质量管理小组自控、住院总医师监控、质控科专职人员网上实时监控、职能科室联合现场督查等开展住院病历质控;以兼职专家监控、病历质控专家委员会监控与评定开展出院病历质控;以质量分析、质量讲评、培训与业务查房、效果追踪等促进病历质量持续改进.形成了多元化、规范化、标准化、制度化的病历质控体系,有效提高了病历质量.     

院长质量查房强化病历环节质控的做法和体会

病案质控医师参加每周的院长质量查房,把病历质量管理由终末质控转为环节质控,加强病历内涵质量的监控,及时发现病历质量缺陷,及时反馈纠正,并在每月的“院长查房质控通报”和“医疗质量月报表”上公布。通过院长质量查房的权威性,加大了病历质量管理在临床科室管理中的力度,提高医护人员对病历书写质量的重视,增强病历质控与医院职能科室的协作,促进病历质量和临床医疗质量的持续改进。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.