多种肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的应用价值分析

目的研究探讨多种肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法对2015-06~2016-04我院收治的70例肺癌患者和40例肺部良性病变患者进行多种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测,观察记录所有患者血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1的表达水平。结果肺癌组的血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白21-1(CYFRA21-1)的表达水平均高于良性肺病组,组间数据存在显著性差异(P0.05)。不同肺癌类型血清肿瘤标志物指标不存在显著性差异。三项联合检测的灵敏度显著高于单项检测(P0.05),准确度较单项检测高,但特异性较低。结论 CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1三项联合检测能显著提高肺癌诊断的灵敏度,提高肺癌诊断准确度,减少漏诊和误诊,可见其具有较高的临床应用和推广价值。     

血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断的临床价值

目的探讨血清19片段角蛋白(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测提高肺癌的阳性率,为临床提供早期诊断、治疗的依据。方法采用电化学发光和免疫比浊法检测70例肺癌、50例肺良性疾病和40例正常人血清CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA和β2-MG的水平。结果肺癌4项标志物联合检测阳性率明显高于肺良性疾病组和健康人正常对照组,其中CYFRA21-1阳性率以鳞癌最高(76.2%),与其它型肺癌存在显著差异。NSE阳性率以小细胞性肺癌最高(79.1%),与其它型肺癌存在显著差异。结论CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、β2-MG是诊断肺癌有价值的肿瘤标志物组合,有助于提高肺癌诊断的阳性率、特异性和准确性。     

胸腔积液5种肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨联合检测胸腔积液和血清中癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌抗原125(CA125)、神经原特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)和鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)等5种肿瘤标志物水平在肺癌临床诊断中的应用价值,以期提高鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的能力。方法:用电化学发光法检测112例肺癌患者的血清及胸腔积液标本CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE水平,用微粒子酶免发光法检测SCC水平。结果:肺癌组患者胸腔积液及血清中5种肿瘤标志物平均水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),肺癌组患者胸腔积液中5种肿瘤标志物的水平均显著高于血清中的浓度(P0.05)。CA125、CEA在肺腺癌患者中的水平与其他组比较差别有统计学意义(P0.05),在肺腺癌、肺鳞癌、小细胞肺癌患者的胸水和血清中的检测结果之间的比较差别都有统计学意义(P0.0 5)。NSE水平在小细胞肺癌患者明显高于其他组(P0.05),胸水与血清中检测结果之间差别存在统计学意义(P0.05)。CYFRA21-1、SCC在肺鳞癌患者的水平高于其他组(P0.05),CYFRA21-1只在肺鳞癌患者的胸水与血清中检测结果之间的比较差别存在统计学意义(P0.05)。SCC在肺鳞癌、小细胞肺癌患者的胸水与血清中检测结果之间的比较差别存在统计学意义(P0.05)。肺癌组胸腔积液中CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和SCC 5种肿瘤标志物联合检测的灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值分别为99.11%、90.06%、97.37%。血清中5种肿瘤标志物联合检测的灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值分别为94.76%、71.87%、92.17%。结论:胸水CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和SCC联合检测有利于良恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断,联合检测可以提高肺癌诊断的敏感性,胸水5种肿瘤标志物联合检测比血清具有更重要的意义。     

血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断的临床评价

目的:评价癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、糖链抗原125(CA125)和细胞角蛋白19片断(CYFRA21-1)对肺癌诊断的临床价值。方法:用化学发光免疫分析法测定103例肺癌、85例良性疾病和60健康对照血清CEA、NSE、SCC、CA125和CYFRA21-1水平。评价它们对肺癌的诊断价值。结果:肺癌患者血清CEA、NSE、SCC、CA125和CYFRA21-1水平显著高于良性疾病与健康对照(P<0.05)。腺癌患者血清CEA和CA125的水平及阳性率都显著高于鳞癌和小细胞癌(P<0.05),肺鳞癌患者血清CYFRA21-1和SCC的水平及阳性率显著高于腺癌和小细胞癌(P<0.05),小细胞肺癌患者血清NSE水平及阳性率显著高于腺癌和鳞癌(P<0.05)。五种肿瘤标志物单项检测的阳性率小于50%。在肿瘤标志物联合试验中,以CEA+NSE联合、CEA+NSE+CYFRA21-1联合、CEA+NSE+CYFRA21-1+CA125联合为最佳,它们对肺癌的阳性率分别为65.3%、70.9%和71.8%。结论:血清CEA、NSE、SCC、CYFRA21-1和CA125的水平和阳性率与肺癌的病理类型有关。肿瘤标志物联合检测可提高对肺癌的诊断灵敏度,首选CEA、NSE和CYFRA21-1三种肿瘤标志物联合。     

胸腔积液CEA、NSE和CYFRA21—1联检对肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨胸腔积液肿瘤标志物CEA、NSE和CYFRA21—1联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值。方法检测不同病理类型肺癌患者的血清和胸腔积液CEA、NSE和CYFRA21—1水平。结果（1）肺癌组CEA、NSE和CYFRA21—1胸腔积液水平明显高于良性胸腔积液组（P〈0．01）。（2）肺癌组CEA、NSE和CYFRA21—1胸腔积液水平明显高于血清水平（P〈0．05）。（3）肺腺癌的CEA、小细胞肺癌的NSE、肺鳞癌的CYFRA21—1血清及胸腔积液水平明显高于其他病理类型肺癌（P〈0．01）；CEA对肺腺癌、NSE对小细胞肺癌、CYFRA21—1对肺鳞癌的的诊断灵敏度明显高于其他单项肿瘤标志物（P〈0．01）。（4）胸腔积液CEA、NSE、CYFRA21—1单项检测对肺癌诊断灵敏度明显高于血清（P〈0．05），CEA＋NSE＋CYFRA21—1诊断灵敏度明显高于单项肿瘤标志物（P〈0．05）。结论胸腔积液CEA、NSE和CYFRA21—1联合检测有助于肺癌临床诊断。     

血清NSE、CEP350、Cyfra21-1和CEA在肺癌诊断中的临床研究

目的探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、人中心体蛋白350k Da(CEP350)、细胞角蛋白21-1片断(Cyfra21-1)联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值。方法检测252例肺癌住院患者(观察组)、160例良性肺疾病患者(良性肺疾病组)、健康体检者(对照组)血清NSE、CEP350、Cyfra21-1和CEA水平。结果肺癌组血清NSE、CEA、Cyfra21-1和CEP350水平均明显高于良性肺疾病组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为66.756、802.082、63.509、539.375,P0.01)。血清NSE、CEP350、Cyfra21-1和CEA单项检测中,对肺癌的灵敏度由高到低依次为CEA、CEP350、NSE、Cyfra21-1;4种肿瘤标记物对肺癌的特异度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。血清NSE、CEA、Cyfra21-1和CEP350联合检测时,诊断灵敏度高达96.8%。结论血清NSE、CEP350、Cyfra21-1和CEA均可作为早期肺癌的诊断指标,联合检测意义更大。     

CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE等在肺癌诊治及预后评估中的应用价值

目的:探讨血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)在肺癌诊治及预后评估中的应用价值。方法:将我院收治的324例肺癌患者(研究组)和58例正常人(对照组)作为研究对象,采集研究对象的血清标本,进行CEA、CYFRA21-1、NES、CA125水平检测,对比检测结果,分析其在肺癌诊断、治疗及预后评估中的应用价值。结果:研究组的CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、CA125水平均显著高于对照组,肺癌预后良好患者的CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、CA125水平均显著低于预后不良者(P0.05)。CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、CA125及4项联合检测对肺癌的诊断特异性分别为98.15%、95.99%、97.84%、91.98%、89.81%。4项联合检测对肺癌的诊断敏感性为84.26%,显著高于各单项检测(P0.05)。CEA对腺癌的诊断敏感性显著高于腺癌和小细胞癌,CYFRA21-1对鳞癌的诊断敏感性显著高于腺癌和小细胞癌,NSE对小细胞癌的诊断敏感性显著高于鳞癌和腺癌(P0.05);4项联合检测对鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌的诊断敏感性均显著高于各单项检测(P0.05)。结论:CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、CA125在肺癌的诊断中具有重要价值,联合进行4项肿瘤标志物检测,能够有效提高肺癌诊断准确率,同时为肺癌的治疗及预后评估提供有效依据。     

血清肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨联合检测血清肿瘤标志物瘤胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白片段(CY-FRA21-1)、组织多肽抗原(TPA)、癌抗原15-3(CA15-3)、癌抗原24 (CA242)在肺癌临床诊断中的价值. 方法应用放射免疫法和酶联免疫法检测118例肺癌病人、41例肺良性病变病人及42例正常健康人的血清中CEA、NSE、CY-FRA21-1、CA15-3、CA242的水平. 结果肺癌组血清5项肿瘤标志物含量均高于肺良性病变组及正常组;CEA、CA15-3、CA242在肺腺癌中的水平最离,NSE在肺小细胞癌中的水平最高,CYFRA21-1在肺鳞癌中的水平最高,5项联合检测肺鳞癌、肺腺癌、肺小细胞癌的一项阳性率可分别达97.7%、100%、95.6%. 结论运用联合检测多种肿瘤标志物可以提高肺癌诊断的敏感性,同时对于确定其临床分期和鉴别病理类型具有一定的意义.     

肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌早期诊断及病理分型的意义

目的探讨肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌早期诊断的意义及与肺癌不同病理组织类型的关系。方法选择2010年9月—2011年11月肺癌患者91例为肺癌组,同期住院的45例肺部良性疾病患者为肺部良性疾病组,36名健康人为对照组,采用电化学发光法对其血清进行血清肿瘤标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin 19 fragment,CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen,CA125)联合检测,比较3组检测结果及单项与联合检测的灵敏度、特异性和准确性。结果肺癌组4种肿瘤标志物水平均明显高于肺部良性疾病组和对照组(均P<0.05),4种肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为91.2%、81.3%和88.4%,灵敏度和准确性明显大于各标志物单项检测。结论 NSE、CYFRA21-1、CEA、CA125联合检测可提高肺癌的早期诊断率和准确率,对鉴别肺癌的病理类型有一定价值。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液及血清中肿瘤标志物的测定对肺癌诊断意义

目的 探讨在肺癌诊断过程中支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血清中肿瘤标志物细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1),神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)含量的变化、敏感程度及联合检测的意义.方法 选择确诊的肺癌患者55例作为检测组,肺部良性病变患者55例作为对照组.使用放射免疫(ELISA)方法检测2组患者的BALF和血清中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA的含量.结果 肺癌患者BALF及血清中肿瘤标物浓度明显高于肺良性病变组(P＜0.05),BALF中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA 均高于血清中含量.结论 肺癌患者BALF和血清中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA 联合检测对肺癌诊断有较高的临床参考价值.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.