苄星青霉素与普鲁卡因青霉素治疗早期梅毒的疗效比较

目的：比较苄星青霉素和普鲁卡因青霉素对早期梅毒的疗效。方法：选取确诊的早期梅毒患261例随机分组，甲组193例用苄星青霉素，乙组68例用普鲁卡因青霉素，均按卫生部推荐的方案进行治疗，分别在治疗后第3、6、9、12个月观察并用χ^2检验进行疗效比较。结果：12个月时两组的RPR阴转率分别是89．1％和85．3％，RPR滴度下降的几何均数分别为6.7和8．2,治疗后第3、6、9、12个月的RPR滴度及转阴率比较无统计学上的差异性（χ^2值分别为0.13和0.12,P均＞0．05）。结论：两种青霉素治疗早期梅毒的效果无差异。     

苄星青霉素与阿奇霉素治疗早期梅毒的临床对比研究

目的:探讨苄星青霉素和阿奇霉素治疗早期梅毒疗效比较,以期提高治疗水平。方法:按入院时住院号单双选取2010年9月至2015年9月116例早期梅毒患者为研究对象,分成两组,每组均为58例,分别予苄星青霉素和阿奇霉素治疗,观察治疗后在皮损愈合时间、甲苯胺红非加热血清试验(Toluidine red unheated serum test,TRUST)转阴率、T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况。结果:两组治疗后在平均皮损起效时间、平均皮损痊愈时间和治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月梅毒TRUST转阴率比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);两组治疗后CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+均明显改善,除CD8^+外均显著升高,CD8^+则显著下降,组内比较差异显著(P<0.05),但两组治疗后CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+比较差异不显著(P均>0.05)。结论:苄星青霉素和阿奇霉素均是治疗早期梅毒良好药物,对青霉素过敏者可选择阿奇霉素。     

不同阶段驱梅治疗的妊娠结局分析

目的探讨在不同阶段驱梅治疗后的妊娠结局,以及其对新生儿的影响。方法根据注射首剂青霉素时的孕期,将261例妊娠梅毒患者分为3组:早孕组(妊娠≤12周)92例,中孕组(妊娠13～28周)94例,晚孕组(妊娠≥29周)75例。各组均予以规范青霉素驱梅治疗,治疗结束后比较三组梅毒孕妇的妊娠结局、围产儿预后及先天性梅毒的发病率,同时根据孕妇血清快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)滴度高低,分为RPR≤1:4组和RPR≥1:8组,观察血清RPR滴度与围产儿预后的关系。结果早孕组、中孕组和晚孕组三组梅毒孕妇的足月分娩率分别为92.83%,89.36%和53.33%;先天性梅毒发病率分别为2.17%,5.32%和28.00%。早孕组及中孕组梅毒孕妇的妊娠结局和围产儿预后均明显优于晚孕组,先天性梅毒发病率明显低于晚孕组。RPR≤1:4组159例,先天性梅毒发病率为1.26%;RPR≥1:8组102例,先天性梅毒发病率为25.49%,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论妊娠合并梅毒时,首剂青霉素治疗早晚和其妊娠结局、围产儿预后及先天性梅毒发病率密切相关,早期进行正规青霉素治疗可以有效防止胎儿感染梅毒,且梅毒孕妇血清RPR滴度高低是影响其妊娠结局的重要因素。     

头孢曲松治疗早期梅毒血清固定近期疗效观察

目的 :　了解头孢曲松对早期梅毒血清固定的治疗价值。方法 :　 4 7例出现血清固定的早期梅毒患者随机分成两组。治疗组 2 4例 ,以头孢曲松 1.0静脉滴注 ,qd×15复治 ;对照组以苄星青霉素 2 4 0万U肌注qw× 3复治。复治后第 3、6个月均复查RPR。以RPR转阴为痊愈 ,RPR下降 2个或 2个以上滴度为有效 ,RPR下降不到 2个滴度为无效判定结果。结果 :　复治 6个月后 ,治疗组痊愈 2 3例 ,有效 1例 ,痊愈率为 95 .83% ;对照组痊愈 17例 ,有效 4例 ,痊愈率为 79.92 % ,两者差异有统计学意义 (χ2 =4 .4 5 2 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :　治疗早期梅毒血清固定 ,头孢曲松优于苄星青霉素 ,机理可能缘于两者对血脑屏障通透性的差异     

Observations on syphilis in Addis Ababa. 2. Prevalence and natural history.

Sera from various groups were tested for syphilis by cardiolipin, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS), and treponemal haemagglutination (TPHA) tests. The proportion of positive results, 12.7%, obtained from an unselected urban population suggested that the prevalence of the disease had declined since 1953. The probable explanation is the widespread use of penicillin. Late manifestations of syphilis are much rarer in Ethiopia than would be predicted from the high incidence at the infectious stage and, if present, they affect the cardiovascular system. These findings confirm old observations. Llymphocytes from Ethiopians with early syphilis did not proliferate when cultured with Treponema pallidum in vitro, in contrast with cells from patients with cardiovascular syphilis. These findings differed from observations made previously on patients in England with early syphilis.     

Observations on syphilis in Addis Ababa. 2. Prevalence and natural history

Sera from various groups were tested for syphilis by cardiolipin, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS), and treponemal haemagglutination (TPHA) tests. The proportion of positive results, 12.7%, obtained from an unselected urban population suggested that the prevalence of the disease had declined since 1953. The probable explanation is the widespread use of penicillin. Late manifestations of syphilis are much rarer in Ethiopia than would be predicted from the high incidence at the infectious stage and, if present, they affect the cardiovascular system. These findings confirm old observations. Llymphocytes from Ethiopians with early syphilis did not proliferate when cultured with Treponema pallidum in vitro, in contrast with cells from patients with cardiovascular syphilis. These findings differed from observations made previously on patients in England with early syphilis.     

小儿获得性二期梅毒1例

患儿女,4岁。外阴、肛周皮损1月余,伴虫蚀样脱发半月余。皮肤科情况:外阴、肛周可见红色湿性斑块,肛周皮损表面覆灰白色薄膜及分泌物。RPR1:32(+),TPPA(+)。诊断:小儿获得性二期梅毒。予苄星青霉素肌内注射治疗后皮损基本消退。     

Infiltrate of syphilitic lesions before and after treatment.

An immunohistological study of skin biopsy specimens from patients with early syphilis was undertaken before and after treatment (one day after intramuscular administration of 2.4 MIU benzathine penicillin and eight days later, after a total administration of 3.6 MIU. In chancres from seronegative patients treatment with 3.6 MIU usually resulted in fewer immunocompetent cells in the infiltrate. In lesions of secondary syphilis treatment with 2.4 MIU benzathine penicillin produced a significant decrease in immunocompetent cells. After treatment with 3.6 MIU there was no further decrease. It was worth noticing that even eight to nine days after the initial pretreatment biopsy, when 3.6 MIU had been administered, the overall lymphohistiocytic infiltrate was not substantially diminished. Significantly more suppressor (T8+) cells were found in lesions of primary syphilis than of secondary syphilis, and they showed remarkable exocytosis. Activated local T8+ cells may release immunosuppressive lymphokines.     

Epidemiology of infectious syphilis in Singapore.

The incidence of early infectious syphilis in Singapore rose from 8.7 per 100,000 in 1980 to 25 per 100,000 in 1984. In this epidemiological study of 100 patients with early syphilis, 70 were men, the mean age was 31.7 (range 17 to 68) years, 25 patients had primary syphilis, 47 secondary syphilis, and the remaining 28 had early latent syphilis. Female prostitutes were cited as sources of infection by 46 and homosexual contacts by 11. Reduced herd immunity, decreased use of penicillin, greater population movement, and decreased surveillance and awareness have contributed to this rise in infectious syphilis.     

VDRL titres in early syphilis before and after treatment.

OBJECTIVE--To observe the pretreatment VDRL titres in different stages of early syphilis and evaluate the changes in VDRL titre following treatment using different treatment schedules. DESIGN--Retrospective study was carried out by analysing the records of cases of early syphilis treated between 1976 to 1981. SETTING--Armed Forces personnel treated at different service hospitals in India. SUBJECTS--Of 3183 cases of early syphilis treated with different regimens during this period, 1532 were fully followed-up for a period of 30 months. Records of these 1532 cases were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Assessment of VDRL titres before treatment and during post treatment surveillance period of 30 months. Attainment of non-reactivity of VDRL test in various stages of early syphilis using different treatment schedules was evaluated. RESULTS--Relatively higher titres were observed in secondary syphilis. Following treatment it was observed that VDRL test was still reactive at the end of 6 months in 16.47% of primary, 27.56% of secondary and 18.95% of early latent cases; at the end of 12 months in 11.38% of primary, 17.25% of secondary and 15.79% of early latent cases while at 30 months reactivity was still observed in 6.60% of primary, 8.39% of secondary and 11.58% of early latent cases. CSF was examined in 1173 cases at 6 months, of which one case revealed VDRL reactivity while two cases showed reactivity amongst 1188 CSF examined at 30 months. There has been no significant difference with broad spectrum antibiotics and 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin. Results were better with 4.8 MU benzathine penicillin and procaine penicillin. CONCLUSION--VDRL test appears to be a reliable test for the follow-up of treated patients in early syphilis. Early treatment prevents development of seropositivity in seronegative syphilis while majority of seropositive cases attain seronegativity by 6 months. Higher doses of benzathine penicillin and procaine penicillin accelerate the speed of seroconversion.     

三种方法治疗获得性早期梅毒的临床疗效分析

目的：观察三种方法治疗获得早期梅素的疗效。方法：将７６例患分为三组,分别用苄星青霉素（４７例）、普鲁卡因青霉素（１８例）及阿奇霉素（１１例）治疗,观察其临床疗效,并随访追踪疗后１年及２年,非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清学试验（ＲＰＲ／ＵＳＲ）阴转情况;结果：三组的治愈率分别为９３．６２％、８８．８９％、８１．８２％。ＲＰＲ／ＵＳＲ１年阴转率三组分别为９３．６２％、８８．８９％、１００％;２年的阴转率三组均     

早期梅毒治疗前后血清学分析

用苄星青霉素治疗了２１０例早期梅毒，对其治疗效果及治疗前后的血清学结果进行了分析，结果发现：治疗前ＲＰＲ与ＴＰＨＡ滴度呈正相关，ＴＰＨＡ滴度的高低对治疗效果无影响。二期梅毒患者ＴＰＨＡ与ＲＰＲ两项滴度均高于一期梅毒及潜伏梅毒。     

Relapsing Syphilis

Although penicillin still remains highly effective for syphilis, concerns have been raised that current regimens may be inadequate for the treatment of early syphilis. We report the failure of benzathine penicillin in the treatment of secondary syphilis. Extensive tracing of sexual contact history failed to identify sources of possible reinfection; therefore, we believe that this case represents a treatment failure and an ensuing relapse of secondary syphilis.     

阿奇霉素治疗妊娠梅毒预防先天性梅毒的临床观察

目的对照苄星青霉素G,探讨阿奇霉素治疗妊娠梅毒、预防先天性梅毒的效果。方法根据妊娠期血清学检查确诊的96例梅毒孕妇,53例青霉素皮试阴性者进入苄星青霉素组,采用240万u肌肉注射,每周1次连续3周为1疗程,43例青霉素皮试阳性者进入阿奇霉素组,口服阿奇霉素1g/d,10天为1疗程。结果组间资料均衡、可比(P>0.05),先天性梅毒的发生率在苄星青霉素G组为3.77%,阿奇霉素组为4.65%,两组间疗效无统计学意义(P=0.765)。结论阿奇霉素治疗妊娠梅毒、预防先天性梅毒的效果与苄星青霉素G相同,对于青霉素皮试阳性的妊娠妇女可以作为青霉素的替代治疗药物。     

先天梅毒28例临床分析及治疗探讨

目的总结先天梅毒的临床表现及治疗方法。方法对28例先天梅毒的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有患儿母亲孕期均未做梅毒筛查及母婴阻断治疗。患儿临床表现以皮疹(20例)、贫血(16例)、脏器受累(14例)、低体重(8例)、早产(4例)、神经系统损害(4例)、骨骼受累(2例)多见。5例予以水剂青霉素、17例予以头孢曲松加苄星青霉素治疗,4例单用头孢曲松治疗。治愈25例,复发1例,死亡1例,放弃治疗1例。结论先天梅毒临床表现多样,以皮肤损害、营养发育障碍为主,可伴有神经系统及内脏、骨骼受累。青霉素疗效满意。应加强孕早期梅毒筛查工作以预防先天梅毒的发生。     

Survival of treponemes after treatment: comments, clinical conclusions, and recommendations.

Treponemes may persist after treatment that has been accepted as effective; the reasons for this are discussed. Nevertheless, the epidemic of syphilis after the second world war was not followed by an epidemic of late syphilis, and the results of treatment with penicillin are excellent. Neurological signs may progress in some treated patients, and the standard doses of soluble penicillin and any dose of benzathine penicillin (even with added probenecid by mouth) cannot be relied on to achieve treponemicidal concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There are no large scale studies of CSF findings after treatment of early syphilis with benzathine penicillin. Standard dosage, such as procaine penicillin G 600 000 international units (IU) by intramuscular injection for 10 days, is the treatment of choice for the patient suffering from uncomplicated early syphilis; this should be preferred to benzathine penicillin, which should only be used when standard treatment as above cannot be given. Treponemicidal concentrations of penicillin should be achieved in the CSF of patients suffering from neurosyphilis by schedules of probenecid by mouth and procaine penicillin by single daily intramuscular injections; treatment should last for 17 to 21 days. Benzathine penicillin should not be used for the treatment of patients suffering from neurosyphilis or from the iritis of late syphilis including that accompanying interstitial keratitis. Treatment for interstitial keratitis should initially be as for neurosyphilis, but in recurrent cases it may have to be prolonged to eradicate Treponema pallidum that is dividing slowly. Doxycycline 200 mg by mouth daily for 21 days provides a supervisable outpatient schedule for patients allergic to penicillin. Cephaloridine (and probably cefuroxime and the new cephalosporins) may be useful for patients who are allergic to penicillin but have not developed anaphylactic allergy. If erythromycin is used for treating syphilis in pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin, then the newborn babies should be treated with penicillin.     

阿奇霉素治疗早期梅毒及其耐药的进展

青霉素是目前治疗梅毒的最佳方法，但在应用中仍存在着一定的局限性。阿奇霉素治疗早期梅毒简便可行、依从性好，且多项研究已证实其疗效，可作为青霉素过敏患者的替代治疗方案。同时阿奇霉素在梅毒预防控制的现场实施和用于治疗其他性病病原体合并感染有一定的优越性。近年来，出现基因突变引起的耐阿奇霉素的梅毒螺旋体，导致阿奇霉素治疗早期梅毒失败，并在一定的网络中传播，影响它在梅毒治疗中的进一步应用。     

头孢曲松治疗早期梅毒的Meta分析

目的：评价头孢曲松治疗早期梅毒的有效性和安全性.方法：根据纳入和排除标准,通过检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、CNKI等数据库,查找头孢曲松和普鲁卡因青霉素治疗早期梅毒的随机对照试验.试验数据采取RevMan5.2软件进行Meta分析.结果：纳入3个随机对照试验,结果显示头孢曲松在治疗早期梅毒后1年内在皮疹消退和RPR转阴方面（OR=0.40,95%CI[0.09-1.71],P=0.63）和普鲁卡因青霉素相比无明显差异.结论：头孢曲松是治疗早期梅毒的有效药物.     

妊娠期梅毒的诊疗进展

梅毒螺旋体能通过胎盘引起胎儿宫内感染,造成流产、死产、早产或分娩胎传梅毒儿.死胎和新生儿死亡是最严重的妊娠不良结局.因此,围产期应常规开展妊娠期梅毒血清学的产前筛查工作.在梅毒高流行区或高危人群,尚需在孕28周和分娩时作2次血清学检查.一旦确诊,应尽早、足量、正规给予青霉素治疗,并加强新生儿随防.孕期有效的青霉素治疗,将降低围产期死亡率及胎传梅毒的发生.     

Venereal syphilis in tropical Africa.

A steady decline in the incidence of positive results to the Kahn test is reported in Malawian patients during the period 1968-75. Other studies have shown that the incidence of early and late syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa has dropped considerably over the past few decades. The number of reported cases of early syphilis in certain urban areas, however, appears to be high. It is suggested that the downward trend in the incidence of syphilis in Africa is related to the increased and often indiscriminate use of penicillin.