呼和浩特市生活饮用水中2,4,6-三氯酚,五氯酚含量测定

目的建立测定水中2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚的气相色谱测定方法。方法水中的微量2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚经液-液萃取后,用HP-5毛细管色谱柱,在程序升温条件下进行气相色谱分析,以保留时间定性,内标法定量。结果 2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的线性范围均为0.2μg/L~100.0μg/L。2,4,6-三氯酚最低检出浓度为0.0040 mg/L,五氯酚的最低检出浓度为0.0020 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.9990,水样加标回收率为84.0%~91.3%,RSD为4.5%~7.8%。结论方法仅用15.0min完成饮用水中2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的测定,操作简便、灵敏度高。     

超高效液相色谱/串联质谱分析生活饮用水中2,4-滴、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的方法研究

目的:建立检测生活饮用水中2,4-滴、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)。方法:水样经高速离心,Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEHC181.0×50 mm柱分离,以纯水和乙腈为流动相,采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS法,以负离子检测方式,多离子反应监测(MRM)定量法检测生活饮用水中2,4-滴、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚。结果:经方法学验证,该方法对2,4-滴、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的最低检测限分别为0.5、3.0、1.0μg/L(进样量10μl)。在线性范围中,相关系数r均大于0.99,平均回收率分别在85%~115%之间。结论:方法快速、灵敏度高、操作简单、定量准确、测定浓度范围宽阔,是生活饮用水样品中2,4-滴、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚含量快速检测的理想方法。对东莞市生活饮用水样品检测表明:此水体中2,4-滴、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的含量都低于检测限。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法同时测定饮用水中2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6三氯酚、五氯酚

目的建立同时测定生活饮用水中2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚的简单、快速、有效、灵敏方法。方法取水样5 ml,经盐酸酸化和氯化钠饱和,60℃搅拌平衡20 min,聚丙烯酸酯萃取头(PA,85μm)萃取12 min后280℃下解吸2.5 min,用HP-5毛细管色谱柱分离,ECD检测器检测,工作曲线法定量。结果本法线性范围为0.2~10μg/L,线性回归方程相关系数为0.998 3~0.999 3,方法检出限为0.05~0.13μg/L,方法定量限为0.17~0.43μg/L。通过高、中、低个3个浓度水平的加标实验测回收率98.7%~110.5%之间,相对标准差小于1.82%~5.54%。结论本法操作简单、灵敏、环保,适合于生活饮用水中三种酚的测定。     

饮用水中4种氯酚的单液滴微萃取气相色谱-质谱测定方法研究

[目的]研究单液滴微萃取气相色谱-质谱法快速测定饮用水中4种氯酚的最优实验条件。[方法]取50 mL水样,加入内标2,4-二溴酚,经不同条件萃取和衍生后,采用气相色谱-质谱法检测定量。选择单液滴微萃取最佳实验条件,并应用于样本中4种氯酚的测定,再将测定结果与标准方法进行比较。[结果]实验显示最优条件分别为：萃取剂为正己烷-甲苯（1∶1）,衍生剂为N-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺（MTBSTFA）,衍生剂比例为20%,搅拌速度为200 r/min,萃取时间为30 min,溶液离子强度为200 g/L的氯化钠溶液。在上述优化的实验条件下,2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚在0.2~100.0μg/L质量分数范围内,其相关系数分别为0.999 3,0.999 3,0.998 7,0.999 9,检出限分别为0.021、0.018、0.026、0.035μg/L。在1、10、80μg/L三个氯酚水平的平均回收率在85.6%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~9.4%。本法测定结果与标准方法比较,无统计学差异。[结论]本研究的优化实验条件下采用单液滴微萃取气相色谱-质谱法步骤简单,快速,与标准方法测定结果一致性高,适用于饮用水中氯酚的快速检测。     

饮用水中氯酚的直接进样超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定的基质效应

水样经0.2μm滤膜过滤,在HSS T3色谱柱上进行分离,采用乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。采用空白水样基质匹配及色谱条件优化消除基质效应。结果显示,2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚在线性范围(分别为5.0~100.0μg/L和2.0~50.0μg/L)内,相关系数分别为0.999 3和0.999 2,检出限分别为1.5、0.7μg/L,定量下限分别为5.0、2.0μg/L,加标回收率为90.9%~115.7%,RSD为3.6%~10.7%。     

水中五氯酚残留的快速连续测定法

目的建立连续、快速、灵敏的测定水中五氯酚残留的方法。方法采用全自动顶空固相微萃取技术对样品进行预处理,优化萃取和气相色谱条件,并对实际样品进行检测。结果建立了全自动顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法测定水中五氯酚残留的方法,方法线性范围0.053～106μg/L,r=0.999 9,最低检出限为0.008 2μg/L,加标回收率在92.1%～106.7%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.3%。结论该法简便快速,灵敏度高,准确度好,适用于水中五氯酚残留的连续测定。     

流动注射测定饮用水中挥发性酚和氰化物方法的研究

目的:为获得一种方便、准确和灵敏测定水中挥发性酚和氰化物的检测方法。方法:应用流动注射技术在线测定饮用水中挥发性酚和氰化物,其中测定挥发性酚时水样在线蒸馏后不经氯仿萃取直接进行定量分析。结果:挥发性酚的最低检测浓度为1.5μg/L;线性范围1.5~50μg/L呈直线,其相关系数r≥0.999;相对标准偏差为2.3%~7.4%;加标回收率为88.9%~109%。氰化物的最低检测浓度为0.25μg/L;线性范围2.0~50μg/L呈直线,其相关系数r≥0.999;相对标准偏差为0.7%~4.0%;加标回收率为92.8%~104%。结论:流动注射方法操作简便、灵敏度高、线性范围、精密度和准确度符合检测要求。     

纺织品中残留氯酚的毛细管气相色谱测定法

采用稀硫酸浸温样品，正己烷提取，乙酸酐衍生后以毛细管气相色谱分离测定的方法首次对纺织品中五氯酚、三氯酚残留量进行了同时测定，探讨了提取、净化及色谱分析条件。方法回收率范围：三氯酚84.8-98.1％，五氯酚88.0-100.2%。相对标准偏差：三氯酚1.54-2.33％，五氯酚3.48%。方法的检出限分别为2，4，6－三氯酚：1.0ng/g,2,4,5-三氯酚：5.0ng/g，五氯酚2.0ng/g。     

水中五氯酚测定方法的研究

目的建立灵敏、快速的水中五氯酚的测定方法。方法在色谱柱、色谱条件和定量方法等方面对现行的国家标准检测方法进行改进和优化,并对实际水样进行分析。结果建立以毛细管柱替代填充柱,以三溴苯酚(TBP)作为内标物的水中五氯酚的气相色谱分析方法。方法线性范围为0.1~10μg/L,r=0.9999;方法检出限为4.5ng/L;样品加标回收率为90.1%~98.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.1%。结论本法灵敏度高、准确度好,适用于环境水样中五氯酚的痕量分析。     

饮用水中3种一氯酚异构体的液相色谱-质谱联用法测定研究

目的:建立一种能同时测定饮用水中2-氯酚、3-氯酚和4-氯酚的检测方法。方法:水样经Oasis(HLB固相萃取小柱富集、净化后,在C8柱(250 mm×4.0 mm×5μm)上,以乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液(5 mmol/L,pH=4.5)/乙腈/甲醇(65:28:7)为流动相,采用大气压化学电离(APC I)离子化方式在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下进行检测,定量检测离子为m/:z 127[M-H]-。结果:2-氯酚、3-氯酚和4-氯酚的日内与日间精密度分别小于9.3%和10.9%,它们在0.05~5.00μg/L范围均具有良好的线性,水样中它们的最低定量检出限分别为0.05、0.02和0.02μg/L。结论:本方法可用于饮用水中痕量一氯酚的测定。     

Fate of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol,pentachlorophenol,p-chlorobiphenyl,and hexachlorobenzene in an outdoor experimental pond: Comparison between observations and predictions based on laboratory data

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol,p-chlorobiphenyl, and hexachlorobenzene were sprayed over an outdoor experimental pond and their time-dependent changes in concentration in sediment, fish, and water samples were determined for a period of 60 days. A model was assumed which described the movement and distribution of the compounds in the system. The rate constants for volatilization of these compounds from water, accumulation and excretion by fish, sediment sorption and desorption, and photolysis were also determined in laboratory experiments. The concentrations of these compounds were estimated, based on the hypothesis that the compound transfer could be expressed as a first-order rate process. It was demonstrated that the concentration changes of these compounds in the outdoor experimental pond could be estimated roughly from the model and the rate constants which had been determined in laboratory experiments.     

Peroxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) is an environmental contaminant that is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. We have investigated peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of TCP as an alternative pathway of TCP bioactivation using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model peroxidase. TCP was shown to function as a reducing substarte for HRP as evidenced by TCP-dependent, HRP-catalyzed reduction of 5-phenyl-4-penten-1-yl hydroperoxide (PPHP) to its corresponding alcohol. In addition, TCP was shown to undergo hydroperoxide (H₂O₂, ethyl hydroperoxide, or PPHP)-dependent metabolism as evidenced by electronic absorption spectroscopic analysis of reaction mixtures. A single major product was detected by reverse phase HPLC and was identified as 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, CAS no. 697-91-6) on the basis of electronic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and cochromatography with synthetic standard. In addition, HRP-catalyzed oxidation of TCP yielded EPR-detectable phenoxyl radical intermediates whose EPR spectrum consisted of a 1:2:1 triplet characterized by proton hyperfine coupling constants a^H(3,5)= 2.35 gauss. Mechanisms for the hydroperoxide-dependent, HRP-catalyzed oxidation of TCP are proposed that are consistent with these results. Received: 9 August 1997/Accepted: 5 October 1997     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中的丙烯醛和丁烯醛的研究

目的:建立测定水中丙稀醛和丁烯醛的顶空气相色谱(HS-GC)测定方法。方法:水中的微量丙稀醛和丁烯醛经顶空提取后,应用DB-624大口径毛细管色谱柱,采用程序升温方式进行GC分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果:丙烯醛、丁烯醛的线性范围为6.2~500μg/L,最低检出浓度分别为3.3μg/L和4.4μg/L,r≥0.9998,水样加标回收率为102.0%~106.5%,RSD为1.2%~3.9%。结论:方法操作简便、灵敏度高,适用于饮用水中丙稀醛和丁烯醛的检测。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定葡萄酒中2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚

目的建立葡萄酒中2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚(2,4,6-TCA)的固相微萃取-气相色谱-负化学源电离的质谱联用法(SPME-NCI-GC/MS)。方法在35℃下,采用100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚物(PDMS)的固相微萃取纤维对葡萄酒样品萃取15min,在气相色谱仪的进样口解析后,经毛细管柱CP-SIL 8CB-MS(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)分离,负化学离子源电离的质谱法测定,采用选择离子监测方式(SIM)进行监测,以d5-2,4,6-TCA为内标,进行内标法定量。结果在0.5～60ng/L范围内,葡萄酒样品中的2,4,6-TCA含量与2,4,6-TCA及内标d5-2,4,6-TCA峰面积比呈良好的线性关系,r>0.996。以空白葡萄酒基质进行加标回收实验,3个添加水平(5、10和20ng/L)的回收率为79.8%～101.6%,RSD≤7%(n=5)。葡萄酒中2,4,6-TCA的检测限和定量限分别为0.06和0.2ng/L。结论该方法无需使用有机溶剂,选择性好,灵敏度高,适用于葡萄酒中痕量2,4,6-TCA的测定。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中10种卤代烃

目的:建立水中10种卤代烃的顶空气相色谱(HS-GC)测定方法。方法:水中的微量卤代烃经顶空提取后,应用Rtx-1701毛细管色谱柱,采用程序升温方式进行GC分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果:三氯甲烷1、1,1,三氯乙烷、四氯化碳1、,2二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、二氯一溴甲烷1、,2-二溴乙烯、四氯乙烯、11,2,三氯乙烷、一氯二溴甲烷的线性范围为0.0020μg/L～686μg/L,检出限为0.00062μg/L～0.65μg/L。该方法的平均回收率为84%～108%,RSD为1.8%～7.4%。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏,适用于水中11种卤代烃的同时测定。     

Water solubility and partitioning behavior of brominated phenols

The water solubility (Sw) in the temperature range from 283 to 308 K and 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) for the nonionic form of brominated phenols (BPhs) of varying bromine content (4-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, and pentabromophenol) were measured by the generator-column or shake-flask method and by the high-performance liquid chromatography method, respectively. The temperature dependence of Sw, namely enthalpy of solution (deltaHsolution), was calculated using the van't Hoff Equation. To determine the activity coefficients in water (gammaw) of BPhs from the Sw data, enthalpy of fusion (deltaHfusion) and melting point (Tm) were measured by a differential scanning calorimetry method. The gammaw was used for evaluating data consistency as well as for predicting other physico-chemical properties, such as the Henry's law constant (Hw). The present work systematically reports, to our knowledge for the first time, the experimental values of Sw, Kow, deltaHsolution, deltaHfusion, Tm, and gammaw for BPhs with one to five bromines, and it discusses the effects of bromine content on these physico-chemical properties. Finally, the overall physico-chemical characteristics of BPhs are compared with those of polychlorinated phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and brominated benzenes with the same solubility level as BPhs.     

水中三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯的气相色谱测定法

目的建立同时测定水中三氯杀螨醇和7种拟除虫菊酯的气相色谱(GC)测定方法。方法水中的微量三氯杀螨醇和拟除虫菊酯经液-液萃取后,利用DB-1型毛细管色谱柱,在程序升温条件下进行GC分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果三氯杀螨醇、联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的线性范围分别为0.24～31.1、0.21～27.2、0.20～26.0、0.21～26.5、0.20～25.7、0.21～26.4、0.22～29.0、0.22～27.4μg/L,相关系数≥0.9990,最低检测浓度分别为0.20、0.33、0.30、0.13、0.36、0.26、0.33、0.30μg/L,该方法的平均加标回收率为86.0%～111.7%,RSD为3.8%～11.8%。结论该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,适合于生活饮用水中三氯杀螨醇和7种拟除虫菊酯的同时测定。     

Biodegradability of Chlorophenols in Surface Waters from the Urban Area of Buenos Aires

Biodegradability of 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), 3-Chlorophenol (3-CP), 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) has been tested in surface waters in the urban area of Buenos Aires. Samples were taken from the La Plata River and from the Reconquista and Matanza-Riachuelo basins, with a total amount of 18 sampling points. Water quality was established measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and both Escherichia coli and Enterococcus counts. Biodegradability was carried out by a respirometric method, using a concentration of 20 mg L^?1 of chlorophenol, and the surface water as inoculum. Chlorophenols concentration in the same water samples were simultaneously measured by a solid phase microextraction (SPME) procedure followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2,4-DCP was the most degradable compound followed by 2,4,6-TCP, 4-CP, 3-CP and 2-CP. Biodegradability showed no correlation with compound concentration. At most sampling points the concentration was below the detection limit for all congeners. Biodegradability does not correlate even with COD, BOD₅, or fecal contamination. Biodegradability assays highlighted information about bacterial exposure to contaminants that parameters routinely used for watercourse characterization do not reveal. For this reason, they might be a helpful tool to complete the characterization of a site.     

Urinary pentachlorophenol in painters and bricklayers in a four-years time interval after the PCP prohibition ordinance in Germany

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was widely used as a wood preservative in Germany until 1989, when it was prohibited by law. Within a cross-sectional study we investigated the internal PCP exposure of painters and bricklayers between one year and four years after the ban. PCP was analysed in post-shift urine samples of 189 painters and 148 bricklayers by gas chromatography and electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The median PCP concentration in the urine of painters was 2.4 microg/g creatinine (range: 0.2-52 microg/g creatinine). For the bricklayers a range of 0.1-25 microg/g creatinine (median: 1.8 microg/g creatinine) was determined. The difference between both groups was statistically significant, pointing to a small additional uptake of PCP by the painters probably from an exposure to contaminated wood surfaces or residual PCP containing preservatives. The biomonitoring results for both groups coincided with background values of the general population at that time.