头针配合运动疗法治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效观察

目的观察头针配合运动疗法治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效。方法将80例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组采用头针配合运动疗法治疗,对照组只采用运动疗法治疗。治疗3个月后比较两组的小儿功能独立性评定(WeeFIM)和粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)评分。结果治疗期间所有患儿均无不良反应。观察组WeeFIM评分、GMFM评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论头针能促进运动疗法改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肢体运动功能的效果。     

Rehabilitation outcomes in children with cerebral palsy during a 2 year period

[Purpose] To observe motor and functional progress of children with cerebral palsy during 2 years. [Subjects and Methods] Pediatric cerebral palsy patients aged 3–15 years (n = 35/69) with 24-month follow-up at our outpatient cerebral palsy clinic were evaluated retrospectively. The distribution of cerebral palsy types was as follows: diplegia (n = 19), hemiplegia (n = 4), and quadriplegia (n = 12). Participants were divided into 3 groups according to their Gross Motor Functional Classification System scores (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe). All participants were evaluated initially and at the final assessment 2 years later. During this time, patients were treated 3 times/week. Changes in motor and functional abilities were assessed based on Gross Motor Function Measure-88 and Wee Functional Independence Measure. [Results] Significant improvements were observed in Gross Motor Function Measure-88 and Wee Functional Independence Measure results in all 35 patients at the end of 2 years. The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 scores correlated with Wee Functional Independence Measure Scores. Marked increases in motor and functional capabilities in mild and moderate cerebral palsy patients were observed in the subgroup assessments, but not in those with severe cerebral palsy. [Conclusion] Rehabilitation may greatly help mild and moderate cerebral palsy patients achieve their full potential.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Outcome, Physical therapy     

Effects of Task-oriented Approach on Affected Arm Function in Children with Spastic Hemiplegia Due to Cerebral Palsy

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of task-oriented approach on motor function of the affected arm in children with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy. [Subjects] Twelve children were recruited by convenience sampling from 2 local rehabilitation centers. The present study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest design. All of children received task-oriented training for 6 weeks (40 min/day, 5 days/week) and also underwent regular occupational therapy. Three clinical tests, Box and Block Test (BBT), Manual Ability Measure (MAM-16), and Wee Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) were performed 1 day before and after training to evaluate the effects of the training. [Results] Compared with the pretest scores, there was a significant increase in the BBT, MAM-16, and WeeFIM scores of the children after the 6-week practice period. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that a task-oriented approach to treatment of the affected arm improves functional activities, such as manual dexterity and fine motor performance, as well as basic daily activities of patients with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Hemipleiga, Task-oriented approach     

Relationships between Physical and Cognitive Functioning and Activities of Daily Living in Children with Cerebral Palsy

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between physical function, cognitive function, and activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy. [Subjects] Sixty-eight children who had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy and have participated in inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation programs were enrolled in the present study. We used 3 clinical assessments: the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), the Bayley Infant Development Screening Test-II (BSID-II), and the Wee Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM). [Results] The GMFM was positively correlated with the BSID-II motor scale and the BSID-II cognitive scale, but not with the WeeFIM scores. The BSID-II motor scale was significantly correlated with the GMFM and BSID-II cognitive scale, but not with the WeeFIM. [Conclusion] The results of this study provide evidence of the necessity of including cognitive and physical impairments in the examination and evaluation of children with cerebral palsy in research and clinical settings.Key words: Activities of daily living, Cerebral palsy, Cognition     

脑瘫儿童精细运动功能测试量表的效度和反应度研究

目的:分析脑瘫患儿精细运动功能测试(FMFM)量表的效度和反应度。方法:共有612例大于6个月的脑瘫患儿参加了本研究,男423例(69.1%),女189例(30.9%);平均年龄(30.6±25.5)个月;其中痉挛型四肢瘫224例(36.6%)、痉挛型双瘫208例(34.0%)、痉挛型偏瘫122例(包括2例单瘫)(19.9%)、徐动型30例(4.9%),肌张力障碍型20例(3.3%),共济失调型8例(1.3%)。分析FMFM量表精细运动能力分值的平行效度(与PDMS-FM原始分的Pearson相关分析)、结构效度(样组间差异分析)和反应度(效应尺度)。结果:FMFM量表精细运动能力分值PDMS-FM量表原始分之间的相关系数为0.95;能有效地区分同一偏瘫患儿健侧和患侧上肢精细运动能力分值之间差异,同时也能有效地区分相同月龄段双瘫和四肢瘫患儿精细运动能力之间的差异;此外本量表具有较好的效应尺度。结论:FMFM量表具有良好的效度和反应度,可以有效地评定脑瘫患儿精细运动能力。     

Effectiveness of a head injury program for children: a preliminary investigation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a more coordinated, comprehensive head injury rehabilitation program provided at a children's trauma center yielded better outcomes than a less coordinated, less comprehensive program. DESIGN: Using a quasi-experimental design, 64 children with head injury admitted to the center and who received rehabilitation services in either 1995 or 1993 were evaluated by using the Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM)/The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (e.g., primary outcome measure). Secondary outcomes included "psychosocial adjustment," "return to regular school," and "current problems related to the head injury." RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the groups with respect to mean WeeFIM/FIM scores after controlling for age and injury severity. The 1993 group had poorer scores on the withdrawal subscale of the psychosocial measure (P = 0.02), yet a smaller proportion of these children were enrolled in a special education class (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study serves as a model for a larger, definitive study of the effectiveness of rehabilitation for children with head injury. The trends suggest that more comprehensive care may lead to better outcomes.     

Functional improvement after pediatric spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To describe the functional gain (FGain) with pediatric spinal cord injury inpatient rehabilitation and to identify the relationship of various factors to FGain in pediatric spinal cord injury inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of a series of 91 children with spinal cord injury admitted from 1993 to 1998 in a freestanding rehabilitation hospital. Admission and discharge functional status were assessed with the Pediatric Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) instrument for children 7 yr. The outcome measure is the FGain (difference between the discharge and admission functional status). RESULTS: Significant gains in functional status were observed in all patients. FGain was not significantly related to age, sex, length of inpatient rehabilitation, pathogenesis, or completeness or neurologic level of injury. However, there was a trend for higher FGain for patients with incomplete spinal cord injury and traumatic spinal cord injury. CONCLUSIONS: Functional improvement occurs with pediatric spinal cord injury inpatient rehabilitation. There is a trend for higher FGain in patients with less severe injury and traumatic injury. The lack of relationship between FGain and length of inpatient rehabilitation suggests that a variety of other factors influence the relationship between FGain and length of inpatient rehabilitation.     

Interrater agreement and stability of the functional independence measure for children (weefim™): Use in children with developmental disabilities

Objective: Examination of the interrater agreement and stability of ratings obtained using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM^TM) in a sample of children with developmental disabilities.Design: A relational design was used in which two sets of WeeFIM scores were collected under four conditions: same rater-short interval; same rater-long interval; different ratershort interval; and different rater-long interval.Setting: WeeFIM scores were collected in outpatient developmental rehabilitation centers, school programs, and the children's homes.Participants: Data were collected for 205 children ranging in age from 11 to 87 months. All children had a medical diagnosis of disability and were receiving habilitative-educational intervention or follow-along services including neurodevelopmental surveillance.Instrument: The WeeFIM instrument examines basic daily living and functional skills in children from birth to 7 years of age. The WeeFIM is modeled after the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for adults and includes 18 items in the following subscales: self-care, sphincter control, transfers, locomotion, communication, and social cognition.Results: Kappa values for items ranged from .44 to .82. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the six subscales ranged from .73 to .98. Total WeeFIM ICC values were greater than .95 for all analyses.Conclusions: The WeeFIM ratings for the 205 children with developmental disabilities participating in this investigation were consistent across raters and time.     

ICF-CY自理项量表应用于脑性瘫痪儿童评定的信度和效度研究

目的研究《国际功能、健康和残疾分类儿童青少年版》(ICF-CY) 自理项量表在脑瘫儿童评定中的信度和效度。方法选择50 例脑瘫儿童,采用ICF-CY自理项量表、功能性独立测量量表(WeeFIM)和儿童能力评估量表(PEDI)进行评定。ICF-CY自理项量表信度检验采用kappa 一致性分析方法;ICF-CY自理项量表与WeeFIM 和PEDI 同步效度采用Spearman 相关分析。结果ICF-CY自理项8 个类目重测信度kappa 值为0.806~0.932,信度优;ICF-CY自理项8 个类目评定者间信度kappa 值为0.690~0.882,信度中到优;ICF-CY自理项评分与WeeFIM 和PEDI 评分的Spearman 相关系数为-0.832 和-0.767(P<0.01)。结论采用ICF-CY自理项量表对脑瘫儿童进行日常生活自理评定可靠、有效。     

Relationship between burden of care at home and functional independence level after stroke]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between functional disability assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and burden of care in hemiplegic stroke patients living at home. METHOD: The population is constituted of stroke survivors, initially treated in an academic inpatient Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation unit. Assessments included an evaluation of impairments (aphasia, negligence, cognitive impairment, motor impairment : Fugl-Meyer (FM) scale), disability (Functional Independence Measure (FIM) ), and burden of care (physical assistance and supervision). RESULTS: Forty-five subjects and their caregiver completed the assessments. Time spent on physical assistance and supervision were significantly correlated with FM and FIM scores. Cognitive deficits correlated with supervision time but not with physical assistance time. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION: These results confirm the predictive value of functional independence measure relative to burden of care in a population of stroke patients with hemiplegia living at home. These results show that cognitive impairments are more specifically correlated with supervision time. This must be confirmed by studies taking into account functional and cognitive conditions of the patient, functional and psychological conditions of life of caregiver and also economical and environmental conditions of life.     

The outcome of intrathecal baclofen treatment on spastic diplegia: Preliminary results with a minimum of two year follow-up

The purpose of this study is to report the short-term outcome of intrathecal baclofen therapy on the function of individuals with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) and the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of their caregivers. Eight pediatric patients with spastic diplegia were treated with ITB following failed oral spasticity management and were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Physical and functional outcomes were assessed using Ashworth Scores (AS), Physician Rating Scale (PRS), and a subset of the Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM). HRQL was assessed using SF-36, CES-D short form, Impact on Family Scale, Life Orientation Test, Rand Social Support Scale, and Social Desirability Scale. At final follow-up, AS was significantly reduced (all p ? 0.03). The PRS scale showed statistically significant improvement in four out of six subscales: median gait pattern (p = 0.05), median hind foot strike (p = 0.03), median knee position (p = 0.03) and median hind foot gait (p = 0.05). The WeeFIM score improved significantly with a mean increase of 32% (p = 0.03). ITB therapy significantly reduced spasticity and improved the function of these eight children with diplegic CP. HRQL of the parents or the caregivers remained stable despite the surgical intervention and follow-up visits required for pump refills.     

Functional assessment and care of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between pediatric assessment scores and ratings by parents and teachers regarding the amount of assistance required to complete basic activities of daily living; and to examine the relationship among scores for three commonly used pediatric assessments. DESIGN: Prospective correlational study. 205 children with developmental disabilities. The children ranged in age from 11 to 87 mo and included 72 females and 133 males of diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. The children were evaluated by using the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM instrument), and the Amount of Assistance Questionnaire. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability coefficients for items on the Amount of Assistance Questionnaire were found to range from 0.82 to 0.97. Correlations among subscale scores and amount of assistance ratings were highest for the WeeFIM instrument and Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test. The highest correlation was between WeeFIM total rating and total amount of assistance rating (r = 0.91). CONCLUSION: Total WeeFIM instrument ratings and severity of disability were the best predictors of amount of assistance ratings provided by parents and teachers.     

系列石膏联合康复训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿手功能影响的疗效研究

目的:探讨系列石膏对痉挛型脑瘫患儿手功能的影响。方法:选取痉挛型脑瘫偏瘫、四肢瘫患儿40名,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。2组均采取常规康复治疗方法,观察组在夜间睡眠时联合系列石膏治疗。在治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月分别评定2组患儿拇指桡侧外展角、上肢技巧质量测试量表(QUEST)A区、B区及儿童功能独立性评定量表(WeeFIM)中自理能力项。结果:2组治疗3及6个月后拇指桡侧外展角与治疗前比较均增加(均P<0.05),且观察组与对照组比较增加更明显(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗3及6个月后、对照组治疗6个月后QUEST评定A区、B区评分与治疗前比较均提高(均P<0.05),且观察组与对照组比较提高更明显(均P<0.05)。2组治疗6个月后WeeFIM量表中自理能力项得分与治疗前比较均提高(P<0.05),且观察组与对照组比较提高更明显(均P<0.05)。结论:系列石膏联合康复训练可明显改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿拇指内收异常姿势,提高手功能及日常生活能力。     

以家庭为中心的任务导向性训练计划对痉挛型脑瘫患儿功能独立性和生活质量的影响

目的观察以家庭为中心的任务导向性训练计划对痉挛型脑瘫(SCP)患儿功能独立性和生活质量的影响。方法将符合入组条件的SCP患儿62例采用抽签法随机分为对照组(31例)和TOT组(31例)。对照组患儿按出院指导手册给予家庭康复训练, TOT组则采用家庭为中心的TOT计划进行干预, TOT计划包括训练计划制订和训练质量控制。2组患儿均按要求每日训练1次, 每次训练1 h, 每周训练5 d, 连续训练6个月。于治疗前、治疗3个月后和治疗6个后采用儿科残疾评定量表(PEDI)、儿童功能独立性评定量表(WeeFIM)和儿童生活质量量表(PedsQL)分别评估2组患儿的移动能力、功能独立性和生活质量, 并进行统计学分析。结果治疗6个月后, 2组患儿的移动能力、WeeFIM和PedsQL评分与组内治疗前比较, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05), 且TOT组治疗6个月后的移动能力、WeeFIM和PedsQL评分分别为(76.13±6.68)分、(84.32±6.6)分和(72.55±5.90)分, 均显著优于对照组治疗6个月后(P<0.05)。结论采用以家庭为中心的TOT计划进行训练可显著...     

Dependence and perceived difficulty in activities of daily living in adults with cerebral palsy and spina bifida

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify differences between two groups of subjects: one with cerebral palsy, the other with spina bifida in their dependence and their perceived difficulty in performing daily activities according to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Instrumental Activity Measure (IAM), and to compare these findings with the reported use of assistance. Method : Community-living persons, 53 with cerebral palsy and 20 with spina bifida, aged 20 to 39 years, participated in semistructured interviews in their homes, where rating was performed using items from FIM and IAM. Results : Differences were found for the reported use of assistance and the dependence rated according to FIM and IAM. Significant differences for dependence were found between the CP and SB subjects concerning Eating, Bladder and Bowel items and for perceived difficulty concerning toileting, bladder and bowel. There was close overall agreement between dependence and perceived difficulty, except for the item walk/wheelchair. Conclusions : Subjects in both groups needed help in basic and instrumental ADL. The ability of spina bifida subjects was more influenced in toileting, bladder, bowel than the cerebral palsy subjects and tended also to be so in mobility instrumental tasks. FIM and IAM do not cover all aspects of significance in community-living adults. Further items have to be developed, covering personal care and occupational as well as leisure domains.     

音乐疗法联合感觉统合训练对脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能改善的研究

目的 探究音乐疗法联合感觉统合训练对脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能改善的临床效果。方法 选取50例脑性瘫痪患儿,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各25例,对照组行常规康复训练,观察组在常规康复训练基础上行音乐疗法联合感觉统合训练,2组疗程均为12周,治疗前后采用粗大运动功能评估表88项（GMFM-88）及儿童功能独立性评...     

Cognitive status and ambulation in geriatric rehabilitation: walking without thinking?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between cognitive and ambulatory abilities in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients. STUDY DESIGN: Survey study of geriatric cohorts. SETTING: Inpatient university hospital rehabilitation unit. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty urban geriatric rehabilitation patients with orthopedic, neurologic, or medical diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. RESULTS: Both cognitive measures predicted admission and discharge total FIM scores, continence status, and activities of daily living (ADL) scores. Neither measure could predict admission or discharge FIM ambulation scores better than demographic variables. CONCLUSION: While cognitive status affects the overall rehabilitation course and ultimate functional status of the geriatric patient, it does not predict walking or stair climbing ability.     

儿童功能独立检查在脑瘫残疾组测量的效度研究

目的探讨修订的儿童功能独立检查表及方法的有效性。方法在脑瘫（ｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｐａｌｓｙ,ＣＰ）残疾组３４例儿童中进行儿童功能独立检查的结构效度和实证效度检验。结果儿童功能独立检查表与适应商数（ａｄａｐｔｉｖｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｑｕｏｔｉｅｎｔ,ＡＤＱ）、神经肌肉系统缺陷程度、美国脑瘫学会（Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｐａｌｓｙ,ＡＡＣＰ）障碍分类和治疗性分级的等级相关分析显示,大多数参数的相关系数在统计学上有显著意义。结论儿童功能独立检查是一种有较好效度指标的医疗康复儿童残疾测量工具。     

Intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with cerebral palsy: efficacy and complications

OBJECTIVES: To describe the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in the management of spasticity in young children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify risk factors for complications. DESIGN: Consecutive case series of 25 implanted ITB delivery systems during a 48-month period. SETTING: Pediatric specialty hospital and outpatient department. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three children (age range, 4.5-17.4y) with CP (spastic diplegia in 22%; spastic quadriplegia in 61%; mixed-type diplegia in 4%; mixed-type quadriplegia in 13%). INTERVENTION: Intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with cerebral palsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ashworth Scale scores before treatment and at 6 and 12 months after ITB therapy; frequency and nature of complications; and relation between patient characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS: Average Ashworth scores +/- standard deviation decreased from 3.26+/-.73 to 2.34+/-.83 (P相似文献   

Dependence and perceived difficulty in activities of daily living in adults with cerebral palsy and spina bifida

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences between two groups of subjects: one with cerebral palsy, the other with spina bifida in their dependence and their perceived difficulty in performing daily activities according to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Instrumental Activity Measure (IAM), and to compare these findings with the reported use of assistance. Method: Community-living persons, 53 with cerebral palsy and 20 with spina bifida, aged 20 to 39 years, participated in semistructured interviews in their homes, where rating was performed using items from FIM and IAM. Results: Differences were found for the reported use of assistance and the dependence rated according to FIM and IAM. Significant differences for dependence were found between the CP and SB subjects concerning Eating, Bladder and Bowel items and for perceived difficulty concerning toileting, bladder and bowel. There was close overall agreement between dependence and perceived difficulty, except for the item walk/wheelchair. Conclusions: Subjects in both groups needed help in basic and instrumental ADL. The ability of spina bifida subjects was more influenced in toileting, bladder, bowel than the cerebral palsy subjects and tended also to be so in mobility instrumental tasks. FIM and IAM do not cover all aspects of significance in community-living adults. Further items have to be developed, covering personal care and occupational as well as leisure domains.