乙酸化学消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤

目的 评价CT透视引导经皮穿刺乙酸注射(PAI)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的安全性和疗效.方法 收集我院2005年5月至2007年6月在实时CT透视导向下PAI治疗肝动脉化疗栓塞术后复发肝脏恶性肿瘤78例,其中肝细胞癌70例、转移性腺癌8例.根据病灶大小每次注入50%～60%乙酸2～10 ml,乙酸内加入1 ml对比剂混匀,以了解乙酸在肿块内的弥散程度和范围.注射后1周影像检查,根据情况重复注射1～2次.结果 在实时CT透视下均能准确穿刺到靶点.注入后42例出现轻中度疼痛,无其他并发症.全部病例均经CT随访,3个月时,其中瘤灶缩小32例(41%),肿瘤大小无变化38例(49%),肿瘤增大8例(10%).78例3个月随访,全部生存;48例随访1年,40例生存,8例失访.结论 CT透视引导下经皮乙酸消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤安全、有效.     

Sciatic nerve block under fluoroscopic guidance

Sciatic nerve block under fluoroscopic guidance was performed in 17 patients. This anesthetic technique along with femoral nerve block was found to be effective in patients having unilateral femoral arteriography or occlusive arteriography of their extremities. No complication was encountered in this group of patients.     

X线透视下经鼻十二指肠营养管的置入及临床应用

目的探讨X线透视下十二指肠营养管的置入及其临床应用价值。方法从2003年6月3日至2007年8月17日,59例患者在X线透视下行经鼻十二指肠营养管置入,置管成功后营养管末端位于十二指肠空肠连接部。结果59例患者中首次成功放置空肠营养管57例,成功率96.6%,2例患者因明显胃扩张首次置管失败后在充分胃肠减压后置管成功。置管时间为3.9～68.6 min,平均17.8 min。置管中及置管后未发生严重并发症。结论X线透视下经鼻十二指肠营养管置入是一种安全、经济、有效的肠内营养途径,因而具有广泛的临床应用价值。     

Endoscopic balloon dilatation of achalasia under fluoroscopic guidance

In 41 patients, aged 17-81 years, with confirmed achalasia, endoscopic balloon-dilatation was performed under fluoroscopic control. Favorable results were achieved in 39 patients--in 36 patients balloon dilatation was successful after the first intervention, and in the other 3 patients dilatation had to be repeated twice, with favorable outcome. Two patients were surgically treated, one for unsuccessful dilatation, and the other for the complication that occurred during dilatation.     

Combined Fluoroscopy- and CT-Guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy Using a C-Arm Cone-Beam CT System: Comparison with Fluoroscopy-Guided Biopsy

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of combined fluoroscopy- and CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (FC-TNB) using a cone beam CT system in comparison to fluoroscopy-guided TNB (F-TNB).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 74 FC-TNB cases (group A) and 97 F-TNB cases (group B) to compare their respective diagnostic accuracies according to the size and depth of the lesion, as well as complications, procedure time, and radiation dose.

Results

The sensitivity for malignancy and diagnostic accuracy for small (< 30 mm in size) and deep (≥ 50 mm in depth) lesions were higher in group A (91% and 94%, 92% and 94%) than in group B (73% and 81%, 84% and 88%), however not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Concerning lesions ≥ 30 mm in size and < 50 mm in depth, both groups displayed similar results (group A, 91% and 92%, 80% and 87%; group B, 90% and 92%, 86% and 90%). Pneumothorax occurred 26% of the time in group A and 14% for group B. The mean procedure time and patient skin dose were significantly higher in group A (13.6 ± 4.0 minutes, 157.1 ± 76.5 mGy) than in group B (9.0 ± 3.5 minutes, 21.9 ± 15.2 mGy) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Combined fluoroscopy- and CT-guided TNB allows the biopsy of small (< 30 mm) and deep lesions (≥ 50 mm) with high diagnostic accuracy and short procedure times, whereas F-TNB is still a useful method for large and superficial lesions with a low radiation dose.     

Combined MRI and fluoroscopic guided radiofrequency ablation of a renal tumor

Percutaneous CT- and ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to have very promising medium-term results. We present a unique case of recurrent RCC after partial nephrectomy in a patient with a single kidney and impaired renal function. This tumor could not be visualized either with CT or with ultrasound. A combination of magnetic resonance imaging and fluoroscopic guidance was used, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, to ablate the tumor with radiofrequency. The patient was cancer-free and off dialysis at 30-month follow up.     

Percutaneous nucleotomy with CT and fluoroscopic guidance.

Automated percutaneous diskectomy was performed with use of computed tomographic (CT) and fluoroscopic monitoring. Degenerative disease of the intervertebral disk was treated with local administration of anesthesia and use of a nucleotome. One hundred ten patients with neurologic symptoms and morphologic changes of one segment were selected for treatment. Previous conservative therapy had been unsuccessful. Patients with completely prolapsed and sequestered fragments of herniated disks ("uncontained disk"), narrow intervertebral spaces, posterior osteophytes, diseased facet joints, and spinal stenoses were not considered candidates for percutaneous nucleotomy (PNT). After PNT, 82% of the patients had complete remission of their neurologic symptoms; Lasègue sign was negative or improved in 92%. In 18% (20 patients), the symptoms did not improve sufficiently; 11% (12 of 110) of these patients underwent surgical nucleotomy. There were no serious complications, in particular, no injuries to vital structures (nerves, thecal sac, arteries, veins), except for one case of spondylodiskitis. Guiding PNT with CT and fluoroscopy provides a safe procedure with good clinical results. The addition of CT has shortened the operation but increased over-all procedure time. In the future, a shift to outpatient treatment may offset the additional time and cost of including CT guidance.     

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation: vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty and skyphoplasty

vertebroplasty is a safe, inexpensive, and effective interventional vertebral augmentation technique that provides pain relief and stabilization in carefully selected patients with severe back pain due to vertebral compression. Complications from percutaneous vertebroplasty can be devastating, but are rare and avoidable with application of a meticulous technique. Percutaneous vertebroplasty has a role in the management pathway of patients presenting with painful vertebral compression fractures. Kyphoplasty uses a balloon tamp with the aim of restoring vertebral body height, improving kyphotic deformity, and creating a cavity into which bone cement is injected. Kyphoplasty is as effective and safe as vertebroplasty in treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures. Skyphoplasty, a modification of kyphoplasty, is a promising new technique.     

透视下局部注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗体表静脉畸形

目的：观察X线透视下局部注射平阳霉素碘油乳剂（pingyangmycin lipidol emulsion,PLE）治疗体表静脉畸形（venous malformation,VM）的方法、疗效和并发症。方法：对106例体表VM采用直接穿刺瘤腔造影观察病变范围、大小、有无引流静脉,确诊后行平阳霉素碘油乳剂瘤体内注射。结果：疗效优者70例,良者36例,未见无效者,有效率100%。未见皮肤坏死和异位栓塞等严重并发症。结论：X线透视下行局部穿刺瘤腔内注射PLE治疗体表VM具有定位准确、安全、有效等优点。     

Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy with a simplified gastropexy technique under ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance: experience in 154 patients

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) under ultrasonographic (US) and fluoroscopic guidance using a simplified gastropexy technique.

Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty-four (154) patients (mean age 73, range 22-93 years) were referred for PRG. Indication for PRG was neurologic disease, head/neck cancer, and other disease in 73%, 15%, and 12%, respectively. Initially, the stomach was filled with 300-500 cm³ of tap water via a nasogastric tube. The fluid-filled stomach was punctured under US guidance. A guidewire and a single T-fastener were introduced. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the tract was dilated over the guidewire until a 16F dilator with a peel-away sheath could be introduced. During dilatation, the external suture string to the T-fastener was held tight to fixate the gastric wall. A 14F balloon-retained gastrostomy tube was introduced and inflated. The T-fastener was then released, and the gastrostomy tube was retracted gently to affix the gastric wall to the abdominal wall (tube gastropexy). Technical success was assured by aspiration of gastric fluid and fluoroscopically by injection of a water-soluble contrast medium.

Results: The primary technical success rate was 98%. At 30-day follow-up, 3.2% had major complications and 14% minor complications. Three patients (1.9%) died of complications related to the procedure. Thirteen cases (8%) of simple tube displacement without other complications occurred.

Conclusion: PRG guided by US and fluoroscopy is a relatively safe technique with a high success rate, provided the stomach can be properly distended with fluid. However, tube gastropexy alone does not seem to protect against early dislodgement.     

Extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations: CT demonstration of Sharpey's fibers avulsion

Summary Forty-seven extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations (EFLDH) accounting for 7% of all lumbar disc herniations encountered during the same period of time were reviewed. L3–L4 or L4–L5 disc was involved in 89% of the cases giving rise to a L3 or L4 nerve root compression. An abnormal motion of lateral bending with rotation of the trunk was found retrospectively in 60% of the patients. In 53% of all EFLDH a bony avulsion of the vertebral endplante facing the herniation was demonstrated at the site of attachment of Sharpey's fibers. This study suggests that this previously undescribed bony change witnesses a special injury of the spine responsible for most EFLDH.     

CT fluoroscopy-guided vs. multislice CT biopsy mode-guided lung biopsies: accuracy, complications and radiation dose

Background

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy, the frequency of complications, the duration of the interventions and the radiation doses of CT fluoroscopy (CTF) guided biopsies of lung lesions with those of multislice CT (MS-CT) biopsy mode-guided biopsies.

Methods

Data and images from 124 consecutive patients undergoing CTF-guided lung biopsy (group A) and 132 MS-CT-biopsy mode-guided lung biopsy (group B) were reviewed. CTF-guided biopsies were performed on a Siemens Emotion 6 CT scanner with intermittent or continuous CT-fluoroscopy, MS-CT biopsy mode-guided biopsies were performed on a Siemens Emotion 16 CT scanner. All biopsies were performed with a coaxial needle technique.

Results

The two groups (A vs. B) did not differ significantly regarding sensitivity (95.5% vs. 95.9%), specificity (96.7% vs. 95.5%), negative predictive value (87.9% vs. 84%) or positive predictive value (98.8% vs. 98.9%). Pneumothorax was observed in 30.0% and 32.5% of the patients, respectively. Chest tube placement was necessary in 4% (group A) and 13% (group B) of the patients. The duration of the intervention was significantly longer in group A (median 37 min vs. 32 min, p = 0.04). The mean CT dose index (CTDI) was 422 in group A and 36.3 in group B (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Compared to CTF-guided biopsies, chest biopsies using the MS-CT biopsy mode show dramatically lower CTDI levels. Although the diagnostic yield of the procedures do not differ significantly, biopsies using the MS-CT-biopsy mode have a three-fold higher rate of chest tube placement.     

CT of pyogenic spine infection

Summary A retrospective review of 19 patients with a diagnosis of pyogenic spine infection evaluated with spine CT was performed. In addition to displaying bone involvement, CT routinely depicted paraspinous and epidural involvement often not apparent on conventional radiographs or nuclear medicine studies. CT proved particularly useful in (1) workup of patients with clinical evidence of infection associated with back pain and neurologic symptoms, (2) evaluation of patients with fever and recurrent back pain following recent spine surgery, (3) guiding diagnostic aspiration of suspected spinal regions for culture and sensitivity, (4) pre-operative planning of debridement surgery.     

套管式活检枪与抽吸式穿刺针在CT导引下穿刺的对比研究

目的 探讨套管式活栓枪在ＣＴ导引下穿刺的应用。方法 运用套管式活检枪进行活检诊断及治疗８０例,运用抽吸式穿刺针进行活检诊断３２例。对两者进行回顾性分析并评价两者的临床应用价值。结果 所有病例均穿刺成功,未发生严重并发症。套管式活检枪和抽吸针在鉴别良恶性病灶的正确率分别为９６．８％和８７．５％。穿刺活检组织学分型的诊断正确率分别为９３．６％和６２．５％。结论 运用套管式活检枪能提高取样和诊断的正确性     

CT导引下经皮穿刺活检的意义及体会：——附124例报告

本文报告了124例身体各部位病变 CT 导引下针吸活检,包括腹部51例、胸部50例、盆腔7例,其它部位16例;病变包括肿瘤67例、脓肿27例、腹及胸腔积液30例。同时还对其中胸部及肝脏脓肿进行了治疗,即行脓肿抽吸引流。本文着重讨论了 CT 导引下穿刺活检的诊断意义及治疗意义。本组穿刺总准确率为85.1%,其中腹部87.5%,胸部79.2%,其它部位90%,假阴性13.4%。除胸部穿刺出现胸痛、气胸及咯血痰各1例外,发生严重并发症。认为 CT 导引下穿刺活检较 B 超及普通 X 线导引准确性高、安全性大、并发症少,是对疑难及不典型病例的补充诊断手段之一。     

双球囊导管成形术治疗结直肠吻合口良性狭窄

目的评价透视下双球囊导管成形术治疗结直肠吻合口良性狭窄的疗效。方法17例结直肠吻合口良性狭窄的患者,在透视下行经肛门双球囊导管成形术。13例因恶性、4例因良性病变而接受结、直肠外科手术。16例因部分性梗阻表现为排便困难或排便次数增多,1例患者因溃疡性结肠炎,作全结肠切除术 临时性肠造瘘术后,其吻合口狭窄由内镜和钡灌肠检查发现并确定为良性。随访期观察疗效和并发症。结果17例患者在透视下进行了双球囊导管成形术1次。双球囊扩张成形术中,先用单球囊(直径为20mm)作为初步扩张,再附加第2枚球囊(直径为10、15或20mm)进行双球囊导管成形术。技术成功率为100%。球囊导管成形术后,症状完全改善12例(71%)、部分改善5例(29%)。未发生如肠破裂或严重出血等并发症。平均随访23个月(1～62个月),1例6个月后狭窄复发,给予再次双球囊导管成形术后,狭窄症状消失。结论透视下双球囊导管成形治疗良性结直肠吻合口狭窄安全可行。     

Comparative review of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

The aim of this review is to compare the effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty to treat pain and improve functional outcome from vertebral fractures secondary to osteoporosis and tumor conditions. In 2009, two open randomized controlled trials published in the New England Journal of Medicine questioned the value of vertebroplasty in treating vertebral compression fractures. Nevertheless, the practice of physicians treating these conditions has barely changed. The objective of this review is to try to clarify the most important issues, based on our own experience and the reported evidence about both techniques, and to guide towards the most appropriate choice of treatment of vertebral fractures, although many questions still remain unanswered.     

Percutaneos pancreaticobiliary biopsies in 173 patients using primarily ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance

Two hundred and one biopsies of the pancreas and/or extrahepatic bile ducts were performed in 173 patients using primarily ultrasound (US) or fluoroscopic guidance. Computed tomographic (CT) guidance was used twice. The success rate for detecting malignancy was 82.4%. Patients with primary ductal carcinoma had the lowest success rate. Seven complications occurred: five vasovagal reactions, one fever, and one acute pancreatis in a patient with a normal variation, which resembled a mass. In this large series, aspiration biopsy of the pancreas and extrahepatic bile ducts proved to be a safe and reliable procedure that often can be performed on an outpatient basis. Fluoroscopic and US guidance are satisfactory for the majority of biopsies. CT guidance probably should be reserved for patients who undergo a repeat biopsy, or when US fails to adequately demonstrate the pancreas. Presented at the Annual meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society, April, 1986, Washington, DC.     

Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy using push-type gastrostomy tubes with CT and fluoroscopic guidance

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy with endoscopic push-type gastrostomy tubes using CT and fluoroscopic guidance. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy using CT and fluoroscopic guidance with push-type tubes is a safe and effective means of gastric feeding that has few complications and offers an alternative to introducer-placed gastrostomy tubes.     

Computed tomography guidance for skeletal biopsy

Computed tomographic (CT) guided biopsy and abscess drainage of multiple organ systems have been well described. Reports of spinal and skeletal applications have been less common. This study describes the use of CT guidance in the biopsy of various skeletal lesions in 46 patients. Forty-one patients had skinny needle aspirations (18 or 22 gauge) and 23 patients had trephine core biopsies. Sites of the lesions included: thoracic spine-15 patients, lumbosacral spine-17 patients, bony pelvis-6 patients, rib-2 patients, and long bones-6 patients. Fast scanners capable of rapid image reconstruction have overcome many constraints. With CT guidance, the physician who performs the procedure receives virtually no ionizing radiation. The exact location of the needle tip is accurately visualized in relation to the lesion being biopsied and to the vital organs.