雌激素受体β的单核苷酸多态性与前列腺癌风险的相关性研究

目的研究雌激素受体β(ERβ)的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与前列腺癌(CaP)风险的相关性。方法对40例CaP患者和86例正常对照者利用直接测序法对ERβ基因中的4个SNPs(近端启动子上游的3个SNPsrs3829768,rs1271572,rs3841304和外显子7上的SNPsrs1256049)进行基因分型,分析单个位点的等位基因和基因频率是否与CaP相关。结果由于不符合HardyWeinberg平衡,SNP位点rs3841304被排除。发现在CaP患者中,近端启动子上游的SNPs位点rs3829768(A/G)的G和rs1271572(C/A)的A等位基因频率及其基因型频率均显著低于正常对照者(P<0.01)。结论ERβ基因近端启动子上游有2个SNPs与汉族CaP之间存在显著的相关性。     

非HLA基因单核苷酸多态性对造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染的影响

目的 探讨非HLA基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)对造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的影响.方法 对2008年7月至2011年12月接受异基因造血干细胞移植的受者及其相应供者64例进行研究.采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针和测序方法检测髓过氧化物酶基因(MPO)、甘露糖结合凝集素基因(MBL)、CD14基因和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因的SNP,结合CMV pp65检测结果,比较CMV阳性组和CMV阴性组ACE、CD14、MPO、MBL基因SNP的差异.结果 ACE 16内含子基因多态性分布:DD型14例(10.9％),ID型72例(56.3％),Ⅱ型42例(38.8％);CD14-159位基因多态性分布:CC型18例(14.1％),CT型81例(63.3％),TT型29例(22.7％);MPO-463位点基因多态性分布:G型100例(78.1％),A型2例(1.6％),GA型26例(20.3％);MBL启动子-550位基因多态性分布:H型28例(21.9％),HL型73例(57.0％),L型27例(21.1％);MBL启动子-221位基因多态性分布:Y型87例(68.0％),YX型38例(29.7％),X型3例(2.3％);MBL外显子1区基因多态性分布:A型94例(73.4％),AB型32例(25.0％),B型2例(1.6％).CMV阳性组和CMV阴性组供、受者ACE、CD14-159位点、MPO-463位点、MBL启动子-221以及外显子1区基因单核苷酸多态性相比较,差异均无统计学意义;但CMV阳性组供者MBL-550位点HL基因频率明显增高,与阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论 供者MBL的单核苷酸多态性对造血干细胞移植后CMV感染有影响.     

北方汉族人群维生素D受体基因BsmⅠ位点多态性与前列腺癌易感性的相关性分析

目的 :研究低发病的中国汉族人群维生素D受体基因 (VDRG)BsmⅠ 位点单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)与前列腺癌的关系 ,探讨不同种族前列腺癌发病的基因差异。　方法 :收集中国北方地区汉族人群 10 3例前列腺癌病人及10 6例健康对照者外周血标本 ,应用变性高效液相色谱 (DHPLC)检测VDRG第 8内含子BsmⅠ多态位点 ,并对该位点SNP分布进行分析。　结果 :BsmⅠ 多态位点bb、Bb、BB基因型和等位基因在北方地区汉族前列腺癌病人及对照者中的分布频率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,基因型分布频率分别为 92 .2 3%、7.77%、0和 94.34 %、5 .6 6 %、0 ;等位基因B、b分别为 3.88%、96 .12 %和 2 .91%、97.0 9%,而与高发病人群的分布相比有显著不同。　结论 :VDRGBsmⅠ多态性在低发病的中国汉族人群与前列腺癌无相关 ,其分布与高发病人群有明显差异 ,提示VDRGBsmⅠ多态性可能是前列腺癌发病种族差异的原因之一。     

极光激酶C基因的c.144delC多态性与四川地区特发性男性畸形精子症的相关性研究

目的:位于极光激酶C(AURKC)基因外显子区域的突变位点c.144del C在北非等地区的男性畸型精子症人群中十分常见,本试验主要探讨这个位点的基因多态性(SNP)与中国四川地区汉族男性畸形精子症的相关性。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和二代测序的方法,分析98例畸形精子症患者和162例正常男性中AURKC基因的c.144del C多态性位点与男性不育的相关性。结果:在98例典型男性畸型精子症和162例对照组中,均未发现c.144del C突变位点以及其他有义突变。结论:综合分析本实验数据并结合国外研究得出,四川地区男性畸形精子症可能与AURKC基因的c.144del C突变没有相关性。因此,在中国临床上对畸形精子症的男性人群大规模开展AURKC基因型的检测可能并不是十分必要的。     

北方汉族人群维生素D受体基因Bsm I位点多态性与前列腺癌易感性的相关性分析

目的 :研究低发病的中国汉族人群维生素D受体基因 (VDRG)BsmⅠ 位点单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)与前列腺癌的关系 ,探讨不同种族前列腺癌发病的基因差异。　方法 :收集中国北方地区汉族人群 10 3例前列腺癌病人及10 6例健康对照者外周血标本 ,应用变性高效液相色谱 (DHPLC)检测VDRG第 8内含子BsmⅠ多态位点 ,并对该位点SNP分布进行分析。　结果 :BsmⅠ 多态位点bb、Bb、BB基因型和等位基因在北方地区汉族前列腺癌病人及对照者中的分布频率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,基因型分布频率分别为 92 .2 3%、7.77%、0和 94.34 %、5 .6 6 %、0 ;等位基因B、b分别为 3.88%、96 .12 %和 2 .91%、97.0 9%,而与高发病人群的分布相比有显著不同。　结论 :VDRGBsmⅠ多态性在低发病的中国汉族人群与前列腺癌无相关 ,其分布与高发病人群有明显差异 ,提示VDRGBsmⅠ多态性可能是前列腺癌发病种族差异的原因之一。     

肾细胞癌患者VEGFR3基因及CYP3A5*1基因单核苷酸多态性研究

目的:分析VEGFR3基因及CYP3A5*1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)在肾癌人群的分布特征,评价其与舒尼替尼药物治疗疗效及耐受性的相关性。方法:2012年6月~2013年6月,对198例肾癌患者进行外周血VEGFR3(rs307826)及CYP3A5*1(rs776746)位点的SNP检测,同时采集患者的自然信息、临床资料、治疗经过及预后。应用统计学方法评价中国人群与欧洲人群这两个基因位点SNP分布差异以及两个基因位点的SNP特征与舒尼替尼治疗晚期肾癌的疗效及耐受性的相关性。结果:VEGFR3(rs307826)位点SNP检测结果:野生型纯合子196例、杂合子2例;CYP3A5*1(rs776746)位点SNP检测结果:野生型纯合子115例、杂合子80例,与欧洲人群分布特征的差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。45例患者接受舒尼替尼药物治疗,CYP3A5*1(rs776746)SNP结果:野生型纯合子27例、杂合子18例,舒尼替尼初始剂量均为50mg/d,4/2周给药方案,主要不良反应包括高血压、血小板减低、白细胞减低、甲状腺功能低下等,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应发生率28.9%,15例患者因不良反应进行了剂量调整。结论:VEGFR3基因及CYP3A5*1基因的SNP分布特征在不同种族存在显著差异,CYP3A5*1(rs776746)位点SNP特征与中国肾癌患者接受舒尼替尼治疗的Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应发生率及药物减量风险相关。     

CYP1A2基因多态性与前列腺癌的相关性研究

目的:评价CYP1A2基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与前列腺癌分期分级的相关性。方法:对253例良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者与206例去势前列腺癌患者CYP1A2基因中rs2069514-3859(A>G)位点及rs2069525-1707(C>T)位点进行基因测序,并对各基因表型与前列腺癌的分期分级相关性进行统计学分析。结果:BPH及去势前列腺癌患者的两种CYP1A2单核苷酸多态性的发生率无明显差异(P>0.05),其基因多态性与前列腺癌的病理分期均无相关性(P>0.05);但rs2069525-1707(C>T)中含C等位基因型的前列腺癌Gleason评分多在7分以下(P=0.030,OR=4.658,95%CI:1.222～17.754)。结论:CYP1A2基因的SNPs与前列腺癌的病理分级之间可能有一定的相关性,但其发生机制及临床意义有待进一步证实及研究。     

血管生成相关基因多态性与肾透明细胞癌的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管生成相关基因多态性与肾透明细胞癌发病风险的关系. 方法 选取2005年6月至2012年9月收治的859例经病理检查证实的肾透明细胞癌患者及1 004例健康对照人群,采集研究对象外周血,在7个与血管生成有关的基因中(HIF1A,EPAS1,VEGFA,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,VEGFR3和PDGFRB)筛选出24个候选单核苷酸多态性位点,采用单碱基微测序技术进行基因分型.应用Logistic回归模型调整混杂因素后,分析各基因型与肾透明细胞癌发生的关系.结果 24个SNP位点中19个对照组基因型均符合遗传平衡定律.VEGFA基因rs2010963位点,VEGFR1基因rs3812867位点,VEGFR3基因rs1382302、rs448012、rs 1049095位点等5个位点的多态性与肾透明细胞癌发生显著相关(P＜0.05).多重检验校正后,仅有VEGFA基因rs2010963位点和VEGFR3基因的rs448012位点与肾透明细胞癌发生存在相关性(P＜0.05).VEGFA基因rs2010963位点携带CC/GC基因型的患者较携带GG基因型患者的肾透明细胞癌发病率显著升高(FDR=0.048,OR=1.38,95％ CI:1.13 ～ 1.69),VEGFR3基因rs448012位点携带CC/GC基因型的患者肾透明细胞癌的发病率显著高于携带GG基因型的患者(FDR=0.045,OR=1.36,95％CI:1.12～1.66). 结论 VEGFA基因的rs2010963位点与VEGFR3基因的rs448012位点多态性与肾透明细胞癌发病相关.     

胰岛素降解酶基因单核苷酸多态性与前列腺癌的关系研究

目的研究胰岛素降解酶(IDE)基因单核苷酸多态性与前列腺癌之间的关系。方法运用TaqMan探针SNP分析法测定192例胰腺癌患者和258例正常对照IDE基因rs4646953和rs2251101两个位点基因型,并分析IDE基因多态性与前列腺癌的关系。结果病例组IDE基因rs4646953位点TT、CT以及CC3种基因型等位基因频率分别为85.4%、14.1%和0.5%;对照组3种基因型等位基因频率分别为88.4%、10.1%和1.6%。病例组rs2251101位点TT、CT以及CC3种基因型频率分别为81.8%、16.7%和1.6%;对照组3种基因型等位基因频率分别为73.6%、23.3%和3.1%。病例组IDE基因rs4646953位点的基因型分布与正常对照组比较未见统计学差异(P=0.348),rs2251101位点病例组CT和CC基因型低于正常对照组(P=0.039)。结论 IDE基因rs2251101位点变异与前列腺癌相关。     

胆固醇结石患者固醇携带蛋白2基因单核苷酸多态性的检测

目的:检测胆固醇结石患者和非胆石患者固醇携带蛋白2(SCP2)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP),并探讨SNP与胆固醇结石的关系.方法:应用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)银染技术并结合DNA直接测序,检测了58例散发胆固醇结石病人和50例非胆石病人SCP2基因的部分启动子区、全部编码区及部分3,未翻译区序列.结果:SCP2基因第14外显子检出变异DNA单链泳动条带.58例散发胆固醇结石病人中共有31例检测出变异DNA单链泳动带,突变率为53.45%;而50例非胆石病人仅有7例检测到变异泳动带,突变率为14.00%;两组突变率差异有显著性(x2=20.123,P＜0.001).部分病例pCR产物直接测序发现G284→A碱基颠换,为同义突变.结论:SCP2基因 284位点突变不影响SCP2蛋白的结构和功能,但G284→A的基因型频率在胆固醇结石患者较非胆固醇结石病人为高,有一定的诊断参考价值.     

Molecular Evidence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Prostate Tumors

Objectives

To determine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is detectable in both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between infective chronic prostatitis and prostatic carcinoma. Many bacteria have been found in the prostate of patients with chronic prostatitis, BPH, and PCa.

Methods

One hundred consecutive patients with prostate diseases were enrolled in the study. Detection of H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue from patients with BPH and PCa was performed using both immunohistochemistry and PCR, and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Odds ratios and the Fisher Exact test were used for the analysis of the associations between the variables.

Results

Among the patients, 78% had BPH and 19% had PCa. While immunohistochemistry showed no positive sample for H. pylori, PCR combined with sequencing detected H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue samples from 5 patients. However, statistical analysis of the data showed that BPH and PCa are not significantly associated with the presence of H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.09–23.34, one-tailed Chi-square value = 0.660, p > 0.05). The limitation of this study was the small number of PCa patients.

Conclusions

This study provides, for the first time, molecular evidence of the presence of H. pylori DNA in prostatic tissue of patients with BPH and PCa. It paves the way for further comprehensive studies to examine the association of H. pylori infection with BPH and PCa.Key Words: Helicobacter pylori infection, Prostate cancer, Benign prostate hyperplasia, PCR     

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 polymorphism is associated with prognosis in prostate cancer

ObjectiveProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent tumor in males in Brazil. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been demonstrated in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) genes and have been associated with development and progression of some cancers. In this study, our aim was to investigate a possible relation between polymorphism of the promoter region of the MMP2 gene and classical prognostic parameters in prostate cancer.Materials and methodsGenomic DNA was extracted using conventional protocols. The DNA sequence containing the polymorphic site was amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, using fluorescent probes (TaqMan).ResultsIn patients with tumors of a higher stage (pT3), a polymorphic allele in the MMP2 gene was more frequent (P = 0.026) than in patients with lower tumor stage. A polymorphic allele in the MMP2 gene was more frequent in Gleason ≥ 7 than in Gleason ≤ 6 (P = 0.042).ConclusionsWe conclude that MMP2 polymorphism can be used together with pathological stage and Gleason score to identify patients with worse prognosis. Our results illustrate the potential use of MMP2 SNP as a molecular marker for prostate cancer.     

睾酮5-α还原酶Ⅱ基因V89L多态性与前列腺癌预后关系的研究

目的:探讨睾酮5-α还原酶Ⅱ(SRD5A2)基因V89L多态性与影响前列腺癌预后因素的关系。方法:对V89L多态性位点用Rsa-1限制性内切酶进行酶切鉴定,观察112例前列腺癌患者和89例BPH患者的V89L(VV、VL、LL)多态性分布情况的差异及其多态性与前列腺癌患者年龄、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、游离PSA/总PSA值(tPSA/fPSA,F/T)、Gleason评分、临床分期的关系。结果:前列腺癌组112例与BPH组89例的V89L基因频度风险无显著性差异(χ2=3.606,df=2,P=0.165)。前列腺癌组VV和VL+LL基因型与fPSA、tPSA、F/T、T分期、Gleason评分差异无显著性(P>0.05)。VV和VL+LL各评价预后指标差异无显著性(P>0.05)。分段评价PSA水平、Gleason评分、临床分期、年龄,均与两种基因型无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:V89L多态性与预后无明显关系,但是可能与前列腺癌的风险存在间接的关系。     

错配修复基因hMLH1单核苷酸多态性T1151A在消化道肿瘤发病中的作用

在多次检出中国人大肠癌患者hMLH1基因T1151A的基础上,探讨这一单核苷酸多态性在不同人群中的存在状况及其在消化道肿瘤发病中的作用。方法：100例健康中国汉族人、80例健康日本人、100例健康德国人和109例德国人大肠癌患者、中国汉族人101例大肠癌患者、79例胃癌患者、76例食管癌患者及其胃癌和食管癌患者的亲属,取每例外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA;PCR-SSCP和DNA测序分析hMLH1基因的第12外显子。结果：hMLH1基因T1151A在中国和日本健康人群中的等位基因频率分别为3%和2.5%;与相应正常人群比较,<45岁的大肠癌患者中hMLH1基因T1151A的检出率较高(P<0.05);显著性差异还存在于具有癌症家族史的胃癌患者及其亲属与正常对照的比较(P<0.05和P<0.01);食管癌患者及其亲属与正常对照之间的比较无显著差异(P     

CpG island hypermethylation in cell-free serum DNA identifies patients with localized prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: One of the earliest and most common epigenetic events in prostate carcinogenesis is DNA CpG island (CGI) hypermethylation. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic possibilities of multigene methylation analysis in cell-free serum DNA of prostate cancer (PCA) patients. METHODS: We analyzed serum samples from 226 consecutive patients (168 PCA; 42 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); 5 incidental PCA; 11 healthy individuals). Cell-free DNA was digested with methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases (HpaII and HinP1I). Subsequently, CGI hypermethylation at GSTP1, PTGS2, Reprimo, and TIG1 was assessed using real-time PCR. RESULTS: CGI hypermethylation at GSTP1, TIG1, PTGS2, and Reprimo was more frequent in PCA (42.3%, 9.5%, 2.4%, and 1.2%, respectively) compared to BPH (7.7%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively) and healthy individuals (all 0%) with a statistical significant difference of GSTP1 (P < 0.0001) and TIG1 (P = 0.038). GSTP1 hypermethylation was also detected in four patients with incidental PCA. Hypermethylation in serum DNA at GSTP1 and hypermethylation at any gene site distinguished between PCA and BPH patients in a highly specific (92%) but less sensitive (42-47%) manner. Neither CGI hypermethylation at a single gene loci nor the combination of multiple gene sites was correlated to the pathological stage, grade or biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of aberrant hypermethylation in cell-free serum DNA allows the highly specific diagnosis of PCA. A test based on GSTP1 hypermethylation in serum samples of patients with suspected PCA may help to identify men with increased risk of harboring PCA despite negative prostate biopsy.     

Loss of heterozygosity and lack of mutations of the XPG/ERCC5 DNA repair gene at 13q33 in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Three regions of chromosome 13 were previously identified for having loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human prostate cancer. One of them, at 13q33, was defined by LOH at markers D13S158 and D13S280. The XPG/ERCC5 gene, a DNA repair gene that when mutated in the germline leads to xeroderma pigmentosum, has been mapped to 13q33, within one megabase of D13S158 and D13S280. This paper describes LOH and mutational analysis of the XPG gene in human prostate cancers, in order to determine whether the XPG gene is involved in the development of prostate cancer. METHODS: LOH of the XPG gene was analyzed in 40 primary prostate cancers and 14 metastases by using the microsatellite assay, and its mutations were examined in 5 cell lines, 14 metastases, and 8 tumors with LOH at 13q33 by using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)-direct DNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Four of the 29 (14%) informative primary tumors and 4 of 8 (50%) metastases showed LOH for the XPG gene. Analysis of the 8 tumors with LOH at the 13q33 region, 14 metastases, and 5 cell lines of prostate cancer revealed two polymorphisms but no mutation of the gene. The polymorphism in exon 2 did not change the amino-acid sequence of the XPG protein, but the exon 15 polymorphism altered codon 1104 from histidine to aspartic acid. The two polymorphisms also occurred in individuals without prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: LOH at XPG in prostate cancer supports the conclusion that the 13q33 region contains a gene important in the development of prostate cancer, while lack of mutations of the gene suggests that XPG is not the target gene involved.     

Significance of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism for risk and disease severity of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japanese

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype and prostate cancer. Currently, there is a scarcity of data regarding the association of VDR genotype with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The purpose of this study was to investigate the TaqI VDR polymorphism in Japanese prostate cancer patients, Japanese BPH patients and Japanese controls in order to determine if an association exists between VDR genotype and the risk of developing prostate cancer and BPH as well as disease severity. METHODS: 110 prostate cancer patients, 83 BPH patients and 90 male age-matched controls were genotyped for a previously described TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism at codon 352 in exon 9 of the VDR gene. Products were digested into T allele or t allele according to the absence or presence of a TaqI restriction site with individuals being classified as TT, Tt or tt. RESULTS: The frequency of the genotype tt was higher in the control group (6.7%) compared to patients with prostate cancer (1.8%) and BPH (3.6%) but this was not statistically significant. However, the frequency of the genotype TT was significantly higher among prostate cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease (T3/ T4/N1/M1) compared to controls (p = 0.001). In addition, the genotype TT was significantly higher among prostate cancer patients with a high Gleason grade of tumor (grade 5) compared to controls (p = 0.0001). In addition, the genotype TT was statistically higher in BPH patients with high prostate volume (volume >50 cm(3)) compared to controls (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that VDR genotype plays an important role in determining the risk of more advanced and aggressive prostate cancer as well as prostatic enlargement in Japanese men.     

PCA3联合mMRI在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的探讨前列腺癌基因3（prostate cancer gene 3,PCA3）和多参数磁共振成像（multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging,mMRI）对前列腺癌的诊断意义。方法对56例首次穿刺结果为阴性但PSA持续升高的患者在第二次穿刺活检之前行PCA3和mMRI检查。评估PCA3评分和mMRI对前列腺癌诊断的准确性和可靠度及其对前列腺穿刺结果的预测性。结果 mMRI结果显示20例（35.7%）患者具有前列腺癌特征;PCA3评分（截断值为35时）显示15例（26.8%）患者疑为前列腺癌;前列腺穿刺活检结果显示23例（41.1%）患者确诊为前列腺癌。PCA3和mMRI对前列腺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为67%、49%及74%、89%。结论 mMRI增加了PCA3对前列腺癌诊断的准确性和敏感性,可以减少不必要的前列腺穿刺。     

前列腺癌患者PCA3 mRNA的表达及其临床意义

目的：评价PCA3在前列腺癌诊断、临床分期及Gleason评分中的临床应用价值。方法：选取2005年11月～2006年9月在我院住院的前列腺癌患者56例，其中T2期12例，T3期21例，T4（N0～3，M0～1）期23例；Gleason评分5～7分27例，8～10分29例；BPH患者23例，健康男性9例。分别获取其外周血及前列腺按摩液，采用RT—PCR方法检测两种体液标本中PCA3的表达阳性情况，使用SPSS12．0统计软件包对其结果进行分析。结果：BPH和对照组两种体液标本未见PCA3阳性表达，而PCa患者外周血标本PCA3阳性率为88．9％（48／54），前列腺按摩液标本PCA3阳性率为81．3%（39／48），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：两种体液标本PCA3的阳性表达有明显的前列腺癌特异性，并且随着前列腺癌的临床分期增高，其阳性率越高，有望成为诊断前列腺癌的新肿瘤标志物和判断预后的指标。