用多普勒超声心动图评价卡托普利对左室舒张功能的影响

采用多普勒超声心动图观察了３４例伴有左心室功能异常和左室肥厚的高血压病患者，经卡托普利治疗６个月后，在血压降低的同时，其左室舒张功能明显改善，左室心肌重量指数平均减少２２．４ｇ／ｍ。结果证明，血压和左室肥厚降低对左室舒张功能的改善有重要影响。     

降压干预使高血压病患者左室重量减轻后对室性心律失常的影响

本文用动态心电图观察了高血压病左室肥厚患者室性心律失常的发生情况及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利与钙通道阻滞剂硝苯地平(硝苯吡啶)对血浆儿茶酚胺活性、红细胞内离子(K~ 、Na~ 、Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 ))含量、左室重量与厚度及室性心律失常的影响。结果表明,卡托普利及硝苯地平均能显著减轻高血压病左室肥厚患者左室重量与厚度,纠正细胞内离子代谢失衡,在逆转心肌肥厚的同时,显著减低了高血压病左室肥厚患者室性心律失常的发生。卡托普利可显著减低血浆儿茶酚胺活性,硝苯地平则使血浆儿茶酚胺活性升高。     

复方罗布麻片与卡托普利对老年高血压左室肥厚及舒张功能影响的比较

目的观察复方罗布麻片与卡托普利对老年高血压患者左室肥厚和舒张功能的影响。方法选择住院老年高血压患者82例,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组40例给予复方罗布麻片治疗;对照组42例给予卡托普利治疗。半年后复查超声心动图,比较治疗前后左室肥厚及舒张功能改善情况。结果两组患者治疗后血压明显下降,左室肥厚有不同程度逆转,舒张功能有不同程度改善。结论复方罗布麻片是有效价廉的降压药,且对左室肥厚及舒张功能有不同程度影响。     

长期降压治疗对高血压病患者不同类型左室肥厚的影响

以超声心动图观察62例接受治疗的高血压合并左室肥厚(LVH)的患者,平均随访2.2年。对称性肥厚组(n=34)的室间隔(IVST)、左室后壁(PWT)及左室重量(LVM)分别下降19.0%、21.2%和15.9%(P 均<0.01)。上述指标下降的幅度与各自治疗前水平、收缩压下降值及服药时间有关。不对称性肥厚组(n=28)各指标无明显变化。两组患者舒张功能均有改善,但收缩功能未变。     

哌唑嗪对单纯收缩期高血压患者左室肥厚的影响

以超声心动图观察哌唑嗪对48例单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)和32例舒张期高血压(DH)患者左室肥厚的影响。ISH组室间隔和左室后壁分别减少2.5和1.8mm(P均<0.01),左室重量指数下降61g/m~2(P<0.01),左心收缩和舒张功能改善。DH组室间隔肥厚减轻,但左室重量下降及左室舒张功能改善的幅度均小于ISH组。     

缬沙坦对原发性高血压患者心肌纤维化的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦对原发性高血压(EH)患者心肌纤维化及左室舒张功能的影响。方法:分别于治疗前后用放射免疫法测定EH患者血清的中Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ含量,用超声心动图测量EH患者心脏左室舒张功能各主要指标的变化并与26例对照组进行比较。结果:治疗前EH患者血清PCⅢ含量均高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗后①血压均显著下降(P<0.05),左室舒张功能指标E、E/A上升(P< 0.05),A下降(P<0.05);②高血压伴左室肥厚组心肌重量指数明显下降(P<0.05),血清PCⅢ水平也有显著下降(P<0.05),但未降至正常。③高血压不伴左室肥厚组:血清PCⅢ水平降至正常(P<0.05)。结论:血清PCⅢ水平是反映EH患者心肌胶原合成活跃程度与心肌纤维化的早期、敏感指标。缬沙坦有助于减轻心肌纤维化的程度,改善左室舒张功能。     

心肌肥厚的PTEN负性调控与卡托普利干预对其影响的实验研究

目的检测异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱导的心肌肥厚大鼠PTEN mRNA、蛋白水平表达及卡托普利(captopril,Cap)对其表达的影响,从而探讨PTEN的负性调控在心肌肥厚中的作用。方法24只大鼠随机分为对照组、ISO组、Cap+ISO组。利用小剂量ISO持续背部皮下注射大鼠,建立心肌肥厚模型。在观察期末,分别测定各组大鼠体重、心脏湿重、左室湿重,计算出心脏重量/体重及左室重量/体重;电镜观察超微结构的变化,并测定左室收缩末压、左室舒张末压、左心室压力上升及下降最大速率等指标。RT-PCR测定心肌组织PTEN mRNA,Western blot测定其蛋白表达。结果(1)与对照组比较,ISO组、Cap+ISO组的左室重量/体重、心脏重量/体重、左室收缩末压、左室舒张末压均升高(P≤0.05),左室压力上升及下降最大速率(±dp/dtmax)均下降(P≤0.05)。(2)与ISO组相比,Cap+ISO组的左室重量/体重、心脏重量/体重、左室收缩末压、左室舒张末压均下降(P≤0.05,P≤0.01),左室压力上升及下降最大速率(±dp/dtmax)均升高(P≤0.05,P≤0.01)。(3)与对照组比较,ISO组、Cap+ISO组的PTEN mRNA、蛋白表达均增加。(4)与ISO组比较,Cap+ISO组的PTEN mRNA、蛋白表达增加。结论ISO诱导心肌肥厚PTENmRNA、蛋白表达升高,心肌肥厚过程中存在负性调控,PTEN是一种内源性抑制心肌肥厚的重要因子。卡托普利不仅能明显抑制心肌肥厚,改善血液动力学参数,而且还能上调心肌PTEN水平,这是其抑制心肌肥厚的又一机制。     

缬沙坦和卡托普利干预高血压左室心肌肥厚与血中某些活性因子的比较研究

目的：比较缬沙坦对心肌肥厚和纤维化的干预作用是否优于卡托普利，两联用是否更为有益，并对作用机理进行分析探讨。方法：79例伴有左室肥厚的轻、中度高血压病患，随机分为3组：缬沙坦组，缬沙坦80－160mg qd；卡托普利组，卡托普利25－50mg bid；卡托普利＋缬沙坦组，卡托普利12．5－25mg bid 缬沙坦40－80mg qd。治疗期为8个月。另设正常对照组。观测室间隔厚度、左室重量指数、左室相关壁厚度、左室射血分数、二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期血流速度比（VE／VA）、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ)、醛固酮（Ald)、血清I型前胶原羧基端肽（PI CP）和Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽（PⅢ NP）等指标，进行治疗前后及组间比较。另对各治疗组每组6例患，观察上述指标的动态变化。结果：各组治疗后反映心肌肥厚和纤维化以及左室舒张功能的各项指标均显改善（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），但未达正常。组间比较差异不显。动态观察卡托普利组Ang Ⅱ及Ald先下降，后出现“逃逸”现象，但此后血清PI CP、PⅢ NP及超声心动图改变仍继续好转。结论：（1）缬沙坦和卡托普利单用或联用均能抑制和逆转高血压心肌肥厚与纤维化，改善舒张功能；（2）缬沙坦组短期治疗的益处未见明显优于卡托普利，两联用未见明显优势；（3）卡托普利持续治疗后出现Ang Ⅱ及Ald“逃逸”现象，但心肌重塑却继续好转。其作用机制与降低Ang Ⅱ的确切关系还有待深入研究。     

重组人脑钠肽对急性心肌梗死冠脉未通患者左室重塑和心功能的影响

目的研究重组人脑钠肽（rhBNP）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）冠脉未通患者左室重塑和心功能的影响。方法将103例AMI冠脉未通患者随机分为常规治疗组23例、地高辛组40例、rhBNP治疗组40例,并于AMI后1周、12周、24周分别进行超声心动图分析,测定左室心肌重量,左室收缩功能、舒张功能,了解rhBNP对AMI后左室重塑的阻抑作用。结果①AMI后24周时rhBNP组与常规治疗组和地高辛组比较,室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室舒张末内径和左室心肌重量指数均明显降低。地高辛组与常规治疗组各项指标比较差异无统计学意义。②AMI后1周时,地高辛组和rhBNP组左室收缩末期容积较常规治疗组降低（P〈0．01）,左室射血分数较常规治疗组升高（P〈0．05）,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后12周、24周时,rhBNP组左室舒张末期容积和收缩末期容积较同时间点常规治疗组和地高辛组均显著降低（P〈0．05）,而左室射血分数、E／A则显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论rhBNP能明显减轻心肌梗死后心肌肥厚和左室重塑,阻抑左室重塑过程,改善左室功能。     

厄贝沙坦治疗EH的降压效果及其对左心室肥厚和舒张功能的影响

目的 观察厄贝沙坦治疗原发性高血压（EH）的临床效果.方法 选择同期收治的40例EH并左心室肥厚患者,均予单药厄贝沙坦150～300 mg/d口服治疗36周;治疗前后记录血压变化,并用超声心动图测量左室结构和舒张功能指标.结果 40例患者厄贝沙坦治疗后收缩压和舒张压均显著下降（P均＜0.05）,室间隔厚度、舒张末期左室后壁厚度、舒张末期左室腔内径、左室重量指数均显著减小,舒张早期运动峰速度（Ea）、Ea/舒张晚期运动峰速度（Aa）显著增大（P均＜0.05）,且均无明显不良反应.结论 厄贝沙坦治疗EH降压效果确切、患者耐受性好,且对靶器官亦有较好的保护作用,是一种理想的一线抗高血压药物.     

左室质量比值和左室质量指数对高血压左室重构识别的比较

目的 比较左室质量比值(％PLM)和左室质量指数(LVMI)对左室重构识别的价值。方法 对187例高血压患者进行超声心动图检查，测量其心脏结构和功能。结果 左室质量适宜(aLVM)、过高(iLVM)和不足的分布分别占48.1％、48．7％和3．2％。％PLM与左室收缩功能的相关系数高于LVMI与左室收缩功能的相关系数。左室肥厚(LVH)时，iLVM的左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率低于aLVM(P＜0．01)。但在aLVM或iLVM中．LVH和无LVH两组间的左室收缩功能无明显差异(P＞0．05)。结论 ％PLM识别左室重构比LVMI更符合生理情况，更能精确地对高血压患者进行危险分层。     

Determinants of left ventricular diastolic function—The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Decreased left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is associated with increased all‐cause mortality and risk for a heart failure. The determinants of LV diastolic function have been mainly studied in elderly populations; however, the origin of LV heart failure may relate to the lifestyle factors acquired during the life course. Therefore, we examined biochemical, physiological, and lifestyle determinants of LV diastolic function in 34–49‐year‐old participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (Young Finns Study). In 2011, clinical examination and echocardiography were performed for 1928 participants (880 men and 1048 women; aged 34–49 years). LV diastolic function was primarily defined using E/é‐ratio (population mean 4.8, range 2.1–9.0). In a multivariate model, systolic blood pressure (P < 0.005), female sex (P < 0.005), age (P < 0.005), waist circumference (P = 0.024), smoking (P = 0.028), serum alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.032) were directly associated with E/é‐ratio, while an inverse association was found for height (P < 0.005). Additionally, a higher E/é‐ratio was found in participants with concentric hypertrophy compared to normal cardiac geometry (P < 0.005). Other indicators of the LV diastolic function including E/A‐ratio and left atrial volume index showed similarly strong associations with systolic blood pressure and age. In conclusion, we identified systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and smoking as modifiable determinants of the LV diastolic function in the 34–49‐year‐old participants of the Young Finns Study.     

Association between fasting plasma glucose and left ventricular mass and left ventricular hypertrophy over 4 years in a healthy population aged 60 and older

OBJECTIVES: To test the association between fasting glucose level and left ventricular mass (LVM) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in people aged 60 and older. DESIGN: Population-based prospective study with 4-year follow-up. SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Medicine and Public Health, KMU. PARTICIPANTS: Of 1,500 people screened, 105 without symptoms or signs of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease were recruited from senior activity centers in Kaohsiung city. MEASUREMENTS: All received two-dimensional echocardiography and fasting glucose examination at baseline and at 2- and 4-year follow-up. LVH was defined as a LVM index (LVMI) greater than 122.4 g/m(2) or 51 g/m(2.7). RESULTS: Age ranged from 60 to 81 (mean 71.7+/-3.9). Baseline glucose ranged from 83 to 118 mg/dL (mean 99.7+/-7.9 mg/dL). LVMI was significantly higher at the 4-year follow-up (97.5+/-24.9 vs 104.5+/-27.5 g/m(2) and 44.2+/-12.1 vs 47.2+/-13.4 g/m(2.7), both P<.01), as was the occurrence of LVH (16% vs 32% and 25% vs 39%, both P<.01). Baseline glucose correlates with 4-year change in LVMI (both P<.02). In the fourth year, baseline glucose was a significant predictor of LVMI (both P<.01) and LVH (P=.03 in g/m(2) definition) using logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Because fasting glucose is an independent predictor for greater LVM and for development of LVH, it should be considered in assessment of cardiac disease and LVM in healthy older people without diabetes mellitus.     

Regression of left ventricular mass in systemic hypertension.

The importance of treatment in systemic hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been established. Although systemic hypertension is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy, other factors such as catecholamines and renin-angiotensin system may be involved. Increased left ventricular mass causes reduction in coronary reserve and may lead to acute ischemic events. Equally efficacious antihypertensive agents may have diverse effects on left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular function. New tomographic techniques with improved spatial resolution are emerging in the evaluation of left ventricular mass and may therefore provide better assessment of changes in left ventricular mass. With improved measures of left ventricular mass the question as to whether regression of left ventricular mass provides an additional benefit beyond control of blood pressure in hypertensive individuals may be finally answered.     

2型糖尿病对左室功能的影响

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(DM)对心脏左室功能的影响。方法:选取行冠状动脉造影及左室造影中冠状动脉造影阴性患者193例作为研究对象,按是否患2型DM分为DM组(93例)和对照组(100例)。对比2组左室造影所测左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末容积指数(LVEDVI)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)及心脏彩超测得心脏各参数间的差异,并进行统计学分析。结果:2组间LVEF、LVEDVI、左室直径、右房直径、右室直径差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而DM组LVEDP高于对照组[(9.4±2.6)∶(7.9±2.0)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa)],P<0.01;DM组左房直径较对照组增大[(37.1±6.3)∶(34.6±0.6)mm],P<0.01;E/A比值较对照组降低(1.0±0.3∶1.1±0.3),P<0.05。结论:2型DM可降低患者的左室舒张功能。