老年糖尿病患者止凝血变化的研究

目的 探讨老年糖尿病患者止、凝血变化及其临床意义。方法 分别检测老年糖尿病组和对照组止、凝血指标,包括血浆凝血酶－抗凝血酶Ⅲ复合物（ＴＡＴ）、血管性血友病因子抗原（ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ）、蛋白Ｃ抗原（ＰＣ：Ａｇ）、蛋白Ｓ抗原（ＰＳ：Ａｇ）、Ｐ－选择素（Ｐ－ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎ）、组织纤溶酶原激活物活性（ｔＰＡ：Ａ）、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂（ＰＡＩ－１：Ａ）及－二聚体（Ｄ－Ｄ）。结果 与对照组相比,老年糖尿病组的ＰＣ：Ａｇ、ＰＳ：Ａｇ和Ｄ－Ｄ均显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ、ＴＡＴ、ｔ－ＰＡ：Ａ、ＰＡＩ：Ａ、Ｐ－ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎ增高更为明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 老年糖尿病患者止、凝血功能异常主要表现为血管内皮损伤、凝血系统激活、纤溶活性降低和血小板的激活,这些止凝血的变化与糖尿病的血管并发症密切相关。     

慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血小板功能有纤溶活性的观察

观察４３例慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血浆ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ，ＧＭＰ－１４０，ｔ－ＰＡ，Ａ，ＰＡＩ：Ａ及ＰＡｇＴ的改变，结果血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０及ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ明显高于对照组，提示慢性ＩＴＰ时存在血小板活化及血小板与人皮细胞粘附功能增强；ＰＡｇＴ低于正常组，表现血小板聚集性下降。纤溶活性指标：ｔ－ＰＡ：Ａ降低，ＰＡＩ：Ａ升高且呈正相关，表明慢性ＩＴＰ时有纤溶活性下降。     

高血压病内皮依赖性血管舒张及分泌功能的变化

目的：探讨内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和血浆内皮素、血管性假血友病因子、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物浓度在轻、中度高血压病中的变化及其相互关系。方法：采用高分辨率超声技术,对２１例轻、中度高血压病患者与２１名正常对照者的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能进行检测,同时测定血浆ＥＴ－１、ｖＷＦ、ＰＡＩ水平。结果：高血压病组反应性充血性肱动脉舒张率较对照组明显减弱（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而二组对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。在高血压病组血浆ｖＷＦ和ＥＴ－１水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。而二组间ＰＡＩ活性无显著性差异。结论：高血压病患者存在内皮依赖性血管舒张功能障碍,并有血浆ＥＴ－１、ｖＷＦ水平升高,将高分辨率Ｂ超技术检测内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和血浆ＥＴ－１、ｖＷＦ、ＡＰＩ水平结合起来分析可能有利于对高血压病患者病情的判断     

恶性肿瘤患者血浆凝血因子Ⅶ和UPA及PAI-1的变化

目的：研究血液中凝血因子Ⅶ,尿激酶型纤溶酶原激法物（ＵＰＡ）和抑制物－１（ＰＡＩ－１）水平对恶性肿瘤的影响。方法：ＦⅦａ采用重组可溶性组织因子（ｒＳＴＦ）一期法,ＦⅦ：Ｃ采用经典一期法,ＦⅦ：Ａｇ、ＵＰＡ和ＰＡＩ－１采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定。结果：①肿瘤组ＦⅦ：Ａｇ、ＦⅦａ、ＵＰＡｔ ＰＡＩ－１较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１￣０．００１）。②中、晚期肿瘤组ＦⅦａ、ＵＰＡ较早期组升高;已转移组ＦⅦａ、Ｕ     

卡托普利对冠心病患者内源性纤溶功能的影响

目的：冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者内源性纤溶功能紊乱与肾素—血管紧张素系统激活有关，但转换酶抑制剂能否改善这种功能紊乱尚不十分清楚，本文目的是研究此作用。方法：符合世界卫生组织冠心病不稳定性心绞痛诊断标准，６５％经选择性冠状动脉造影确定冠状动脉狭窄≥５０％的患者３４例，单盲随机分为卡托普利治疗组（１８例）及安慰剂对照组（１６例），４周治疗前、后检测血浆肾素活性、血管紧张素Ｉ、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（ＰＡＩ）含量与活性，两组间的参数比较采用ｔ检验。结果：４周后，治疗组的血浆血管紧张素Ｉ及ｔ－ＰＡ含量、ＰＡＩ活性均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１，而ｔ－ＰＡ活性及纤溶活力则显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：卡托普利可通过降低血浆血管紧张素Ｉ水平，改善冠心病患者内源性纤溶功能紊乱。本结果对预防冠状动脉内血栓形成有意义     

纤维蛋白原对内皮细胞t-PA和PAI-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）对内皮细胞（ＥＣ）组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原灭活剂（ＰＡＩ－１） ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。方法 不同浓度Ｆｇ与ＥＣ孵育不同时间后,用单管逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）半定量法检测ｔ－ＰＡ和ＰＡＩ－ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果 用２０,２００,２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ Ｆｇ与ＥＣ孵育１、１２、２４ｈ、ＰＡＩ－１ ｍＲＮＡ的相对表达水平分别为同时相对照组的１．７,３．６,２     

纤溶活化指标变化对肝硬化患者的影响

为观察肝硬化患者外周血纤溶功能变化。分别用发色底物法、酶联免疫吸附法测定６８例肝硬化,３７例下沉人外周血的组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性（ｔ－ＰＡ：Ａ）及其抗原（ｔ－ＰＡ：Ａｇ）,纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性（ＰＡＩ－Ａ）及Ｄ－二聚体。结果显示：肝硬化患者纤溶指标ｔ－ＰＡ：Ａ、ｔ－ＰＡ：Ａｇ及Ｄ－二聚体显著高于正常人,失代偿者明显高于代偿者。而ＰＡＩ－Ａ变化与其相反。提示：Ｅ直硬化患者在存在不同程度的纤溶笥     

伊拉地平对高血症病患者血小板功能和纤溶活性的影响

本文测定了１２例高血压病患者经伊拉地平（Ｉｓｒａｄｉｐｉｎｅ）（１．２５ｍｇ～２．５ｍｇ，１日２次）治疗８周前后和１０例健康对照者的血小板聚集性（ＰＡｇ）、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）及其抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性。结果表明，高血压组ＰＡｇ、ＰＡＩ活性明显高于对照组，ｔ－ｐＡ活性显著低于对照组；伊拉地平治疗后，ＰＡｇ、ＰＡＩ活性显著降低，ｔ－ＰＡ活性显著升高。本文提示：高血压病患者存在血小板功能亢进和纤溶活性降低，伊拉地平能够抑制血小板聚集，增强纤溶活性，在防治心脑血管并发症方面具有重要意义。     

老年高血压病患者VWF、t－PA和PAI活性的研究

老年高血压病患者ＶＷＦ、ｔ－ＰＡ和ＰＡＩ活性的研究刘成玉，张强，张玉红高血压病常伴有血液凝固性增高。我们检测了老年高血压病患者血浆因子Ⅷ相关抗原（ＶＷＦ）含量、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活物的抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性变化，探讨血液凝固性...     

血透患者血浆D—二聚体水平和纤溶参数的变化

目的：观察血透患者纤溶状态的变化，探讨与临床止凝血的关系。 方法：测定２０例血透（ＨＤ）患者透析过程中Ｄ－二聚体和ｔ－二聚体和ｔ－ＰＡ、ＰＬＧ、ＰＡＩ的动态变化，并与２８例健康者对照。结果：ＨＤ组透析前Ｄ－二聚体、ｔ－ＰＡ显著高于对照组，ＰＬＧ和ＰＡＩ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。在透析过程中Ｄ－二聚体、ｔ－ＰＡ显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＰＡＩ逐渐降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），而ＰＬＧ无明     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.