假体周围感染抗生素骨水泥间置后再感染的因素

[目的]探讨抗生素骨水泥间置治疗假体周围感染（periprosthetic joint infection, PJI）失败的危险因素。[方法]回顾性分析本院2017年1月—2020年7月收治的69例PJI患者的临床资料。根据患者抗生素骨水泥间置术后是否出现再次感染,将其分为再感染组和治愈组。采用单因素比较和Cox分析探讨抗生素骨水泥间置术后再次感染的影响因素。[结果]所有患者均获随访,随访时间0.5～52.9个月,69例患者中,15例抗生素骨水泥间置术后出现了再次感染的情况,感染发生时间为术后0.5～9.1个月,中位感染发生时间为术后2.2个月。单因素比较表明,两组患者在年龄、性别构成、吸烟史、饮酒史、ASA等级、aCCI评分、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、类风湿性关节炎、既往感染史及微生物学培养结果的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;但是,再感染组的既往髋膝关节翻修史比率[是/否,(5/10) vs (4/50), P<0.05]和窦道比率[是/否,(7/8) vs (9/45), P<0.05]显著高于治愈组。Cox分析表明,既往髋膝关节翻修（HR=3.755, 95...     

采用抗生素骨水泥假体二期翻修治疗人工髋关节感染

目的探讨采用抗生素骨水泥假体二期翻修治疗人工髋关节感染的疗效。方法自1999年6月至2004年10月,14例初次髋关节置换术后感染患者行二期手术。术前Harris评分平均23分。一期手术中将取出的假体彻底清洗,骨水泥垫临时旷置,关节内引流管引流,术后静脉输入抗生素3周后,改为口服抗生素1个月。二期手术于6个月后进行,植入带抗生素骨水泥型假体。结果14例患者均获得随访,随访时间7～26个月,平均18个月。14例患者术后均无感染复发。术后Harris评分平均70分。结论彻底清创、足够间隔期以及二期手术采用抗生素骨水泥假体是有效控制感染复发的有效措施。     

股骨远端皮质骨旁骨肉瘤铰链膝置换术后假体周围感染1例

正患者,女,49岁,15年前因左股骨远端皮质骨旁骨肉瘤行病灶切除铰链膝置换术,术后肿瘤无复发,7年前左膝出现窦道,先后8次行开放清创术,感染未得到控制,患者保肢愿望迫切,于2015年1月26日入我科住院治疗。查体:体温36.4°C,左膝关节肿胀,周围皮肤完整、发红,皮温较对侧增高,浮髌试验阴性,左膝屈曲活动度0°～10°,内旋0°,外旋     

非骨水泥与骨水泥长柄翻修股骨假体周围骨折比较

[目的]比较股骨假体周围骨折(periprosthetic femoral fracture,PFF)翻修术使用Zweymüller生物型长柄与传统骨水泥假体的临床效果.[方法]回顾性分析2017年6月～2019年6月本院翻修置换术治疗的PFF患者60例,其中,32例接受Zweymüller生物型长柄股骨假体翻修,28...     

自制管形抗生素骨水泥假体治疗跖骨慢性骨髓炎1例

患者,男,56 岁,因外伤致左足溃疡1 月余,于2019 年6 月15 日至我院骨科就诊.左足可见长约2 cm、深约1 cm 的死腔,有淡黄色脓性分泌物溢出,伤口周围稍感红肿,感觉血运可.初步诊断:①左足第四跖骨骨髓炎;② 左足感染性溃疡;③ 左足第四跖骨骨折.于2019 年6月20 日在全身麻醉下行左足骨髓炎清创+ ...     

同一设计的骨水泥和非骨水泥股骨假体的效果比较

观察同一设计的骨水泥和非骨水凤骨假体的临床效果。１９９３年１月～１９９５年８月,应用同一设计的骨水泥和非骨水泥股骨人假体,施行２４６髋全髋关节置换。骨水泥组１１７髋,平均随访４．５年;非骨水泥组１２０髋,平均随访４．１４年。骨水泥组Ｍｅｒｌｅ ｄ‘ Ａｕｂｉｇｎｅ评分平均１０．４（５～１２）,优良率８８．９;日常行为评分平均１９．４（７～２４）,优良率８０．３％,无一髋假体松动。非骨水泥组Ｍｅｒｌ     

抗生素骨水泥间隔治疗膝关节置换术后感染

目的探讨带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔治疗全膝关节置换术后感染的疗效。方法从2008年6月至2011年5月,采用一期可活动关节骨水泥旷置术+二期人工关节翻修术治疗7例全膝关节置换术后感染患者。其中男2例,女5例;年龄52~73岁,平均62岁。一期手术彻底清创,取出假体并置入自制带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔假体。术后患者早期部分负重,关节主动及被动屈伸活动,选用敏感抗生素静脉滴注6~8周,待感染控制后二期再置入翻修假体。结果 7例患者平均骨水泥旷置13周(11.5~14.2周),其中5例患者不需要任何帮助行走,2例需要手仗辅助行走。经二期翻修术后平均随访16个月(9~22个月),未发现感染复发及新的感染,伤口愈合良好,美国膝关节协会评分(American knee society scores,KSS)85分(77~90分),功能评分91分(85~94分),活动度为120°(113~135°)。结论采用带抗生素可活动关节骨水泥间隔假体能够保留部分关节活动度,有效控制感染,为二期再置换假体提供良好的膝关节结构和功能条件。     

抗生素骨水泥治疗骨科感染的利与弊

目的探讨抗生素骨水泥在骨科感染中的治疗作用,促进抗生素骨水泥的合理应用。方法对近10余年来抗生素骨水泥作用的相关研究进行综述,比较抗生素骨水泥作用的利与弊。结果抗生素骨水泥使难于治愈的骨科感染得到有效的治疗,在取得了较好疗效的同时,存在发生严重并发症的风险。结论在今后抗生素骨水泥的应用中关注其存在的风险,并有针对性地制定防范策略,确保抗生素骨水泥在骨科感染治疗中安全、有效。     

定制化敏感抗生素骨水泥螺钉治疗踝关节术后感染的临床研究

目的 评估定制化敏感抗生素骨水泥螺钉治疗踝关节术后感染的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年3月至2022年7月收治的22例踝关节术后感染病人的临床资料,其中男12例,女10例;年龄为（39.27±5.78）岁（31~52岁）。按内固定方式不同分为两组。观察组10例,采用定制化敏感抗生素骨水泥螺钉内固定;对照组12例,采用钛质克氏针和/或外固定架固定。记录两组病人伤口愈合等级、感染复发率、感染指标［降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）、白细胞计数（white blood cell count,WBC）、红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）］、影像学特征等内容。结果 观察组伤口均甲级愈合,感染复发率为0,优于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组间的总体PCT、WBC、ESR、CRP比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但对照组术后6个月的PCT、WBC和CRP均高于观察组（P＜0.05）。术后6个月观察组的踝关节融合率为50.00%（5/10）,优于对照组的16.67%（2/12）（P＜0.05）。两组间在滑膜增厚、关节积液及软组织肿胀方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但观察组在骨髓水肿、钉道增宽水肿方面优于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组未出现内固定松动、断裂现象,而对照组虽未出现内固定断裂病例,但6例出现克氏针松动,两组间的内固定物松动率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 踝关节术后感染采用定制化敏感抗生素骨水泥螺钉内固定,既可增强局部抗感染能力,减少感染复发率,还可提高术后关节稳定性,减少二次融合手术率,可能是一种值得推荐的方法。     

抗生素骨水泥预防人工关节感染研究进展

人工关节深部感染是关节置换术后严重并发症之一,它延长治疗进程,增加医疗开支,降低治疗效果.抗生素骨水泥目前已广泛应用于高人工关节感染风险的初次关节置换术和感染翻修术病例.该文就人工关节置换术后关节感染特性及抗生素骨水泥释放特性与力学性能,临床应用、潜在缺点和病例选择等作一综述.     

Use of distal femoral osteoarticular allografts in limb salvage surgery

BACKGROUND: As diagnostic and therapeutic techniques improve, patients with a musculoskeletal sarcoma should expect longer survival, fewer complications and side effects, and an improved quality of life. Functional longevity of the reconstruction after resection of the tumor becomes a major concern, especially in young and physically active patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mid-term and long-term survival of reconstructions with a distal femoral osteoarticular allograft in a series of patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of eighty reconstructions with a distal femoral osteoarticular allograft following resection of a bone tumor in seventy-six patients. The mean duration of follow-up was eighty-two months. The rates of survival of the allograft and the joint surface were estimated with use of the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether age, gender, the percentage of the femur that had been resected, and the use of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Functional and radiographic results were documented according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system at the time of the latest follow-up. RESULTS: Five patients were lost to follow-up, leaving seventy-five allografts in seventy-one patients available for study. Thirteen patients (thirteen allografts) died of tumor-related causes without allograft failure before a two-year radiographic follow-up could be performed. Of the remaining sixty-two allografts, fourteen failed: six failed as a result of infection; four, because of local recurrence; one, because of massive resorption; and three, as a result of fracture. At the time of final follow-up, at a mean of 125 months, forty-eight allografts were still in place. The overall rate of allograft survival was 78% at both five and ten years, and the rate of allograft survival without the need for resurfacing with a knee prosthesis was 71% at both five and ten years. With the numbers available, age, gender, the percentage of the femur that had been resected, and the use of chemotherapy were not found to have a significant effect on the overall allograft survival rates. The patients who retained the original allograft had good or excellent functional and radiographic results. CONCLUSIONS: The life expectancy for most patients with a highly aggressive or malignant tumor in the distal part of the femur is now several decades. In this study, we found a high rate of survival of distal femoral allograft reconstructions at both five and ten years.     

Modular proximal femoral replacement in salvage hip surgery for non-neoplastic conditions

Addressing severe proximal femoral bone loss in revision hip surgery is a challenging reconstructive problem. The use of modular proximal femoral megaprostheses is one of many available options to address this. This is a retrospective review of 15 patients who had undergone limb salvage at our institution using a modular proximal femoral replacement. There were 8 males and 7 females with a mean age of 67 years (34 to 85) and a mean follow-up of 60 months (1 to 99). Indications included re-implantation for deep infection in nine patients, aseptic loosening in three, periprosthetic fracture in two and painful excision arthroplasty in one. Mean Harris hip score increased from 28 (13 to 49) pre-operatively to 69 (39 to 85) at final follow-up (paired t-test, p < 0.0001) and mean Toronto Extremity Salvage score increased from 26% (14 to 40) to 71% (35 to 82) (paired t-test, p < 0.0001). Prosthesis survival with revision as the endpoint was 87% at 5 years. There were two dislocations (14%) and there was failure to eradicate deep infection in two. Modular proximal femoral replacement provided good function and versatility with an acceptable complication rate for patients with severe proximal femoral bone loss with or without infection.     

Direct approaches to the distal portions of the deep femoral artery for limb salvage bypasses

This study describes a technique that facilitates lower extremity "redo" revascularizations and that may increase the number of patients who can be revascularized. By using the distal deep femoral artery for bypass outflow or inflow, we were able to revascularize patients with no other accessible patent major thigh artery, to increase the use of autologous vein for infrapopliteal bypasses, and to avoid difficult groin reoperations. Thirty-seven patients (23 men) had various distal deep femoral revascularizations for limb salvage indications only (rest pain, ischemic ulcers, and/or gangrene). Techniques to expose the distal deep femoral artery directly are described and their uses discussed. We found that the type of bypass performed (e.g., axillofemoral or aortofemoral) determined the patency rate of the reconstruction. Placement of the origin or termination of the graft in the deep femoral artery did not appear to affect the results adversely.     

人工关节假体复合大段同种异体骨移植重建肢体功能

目的 探讨采用复合人工关节假体大段同种异体骨移植的方法治疗肢体恶性骨肿瘤的手术原理及效果。方法 骨肿瘤患者１６例,年龄１９岁－６０岁,其中骨肉瘤４例,软骨肉瘤２例,恶性骨巨细胞瘤３例,纤维肉瘤３例,其它恶性骨肿瘤４例,肢体功能重建方法包括：复合股骨近端的全髋关节置换术３例,复合股骨近端的双极人工股骨头置换术７例,复合股骨下端或胫骨上端的全膝关节置换６例,结果 本组１６例经１．５－５．０年随访,１例     

大段同种异体骨复合人工关节治疗股骨肿瘤

目的探讨应用大段冷冻异体骨复合人工关节修复股骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的疗效。方法自1997年6月~2003年10月采用大段同种异体骨复合人工关节治疗股骨肿瘤28例,其中复合股骨上段的全髋关节置换13例,复合股骨下段全膝关节置换15例。按Enneking分期,广泛边缘性切除肿瘤,选用长柄人工关节将大小和形态合适的同种异体骨与宿主骨经骨水泥髓内固定,假体柄插入宿主骨髓内长度与异体骨轴心长度比应在0.8以上。术后均未使用免疫抑制剂。结果28例中除2例复合股骨下段患者失访外,其余患者随访6～78个月,平均41个月。3例骨肉瘤患者于术后18个月内死亡;4例(恶性骨巨细胞瘤2例,皮质旁骨肉瘤和软骨肉瘤各1例)分别于术后8个月内局部软组织复发,经广泛切除后治愈;其余患者均无瘤生存。所有患者均无关节脱位、假体松动和断裂。9例异体股骨大转子区及6例股骨髁区部分吸收。24例异体骨和宿主骨间达骨性愈合,愈合时间为5～11个月,平均7.4个月。13例复合股骨上段的全髋关节置换者,髋关节主动活动度为71°～124°,平均85°;13例复合股骨下段全膝关节置换者,膝关节主动活动度为68°～135°,平均92°。按ISOLS骨肿瘤术后功能重建评分为22～28分,平均26.2分。结论现代骨水泥技术将人工关节、异体骨与宿主骨有机地连接在一起,达到早期牢     

Risk of amputation following limb salvage surgery with endoprosthetic replacement,in a consecutive series of 1261 patients

Endoprosthetic replacements are commonly used for limb salvage following surgical excision of bone tumours. Advantages include initial reliability, rapid restoration of function and their ready availability. Potential long-term problems include loosening, infection and mechanical failure. Increasing problems may lead to the necessity for amputation; this paper assesses that risk. A total of 1,261 patients have undergone endoprosthetic replacements in our centre in the past 34 years, with a total of 6,507 patient years of follow up. A total of 112 patients have had subsequent amputation. The reasons for amputation were local recurrence in 71, infection in 38, mechanical failure in two and chronic pain in one. The proximal tibia had the greatest risk of amputation (n=38/245). The time to amputation varied from 2 days to 16 years, with a mean of 31 months. The risk of amputation decreased with time, although 10% took place after more than 5 years.     

肿瘤型假体关节置换术后二次手术治疗的研究

目的探讨肿瘤型假体关节置换术后二次手术的原因和冶疗方法。方法于2002年1月至2007年10月因各种原因需要二次手术而就诊于山东大学齐鲁医院骨科的32例肿瘤型假体置换术后患者，其中男21例，女11例。年龄18～62岁。分别为骨肉瘤患者12例，骨巨细胞瘤患者8例，软骨肉瘤患者5例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤患者4例，软骨母细胞瘤患者3例，均由病理组织学确诊。肿瘤的发生部位分别为：发生在股骨远端的有16例，在胫骨近端的有10例，在股骨近端的有4例，在髋臼处的有2例。再手术距首次手术时间6个月至5年。再手术的原因包括：因假体脱位的患者有7例，因假体断裂的有6例，因假体松动的有4例，因肿瘤复发的有7例，因假体远期感染或假体反应的有5例，因衬垫破裂的有1例，因髌骨骨折的有1例，因假体周围股骨骨折的有1例。行再次假体置换术的患者有8例，行切开复位术的有7例，行骨水泥再次填充术的有3例，行截肢术的有7例，行切开复位内固定术的有2例，行清创置管冲洗术的有4例，因肿瘤复发行局部切除术的有1例。结果本组除3例截肢患者失访外，其余29例均获得随访5～69个月（平均37个月）。其中4例骨肉瘤患者和2例软骨肉瘤患者死亡，23例患者随访无假体松动、断裂、脱位、肿瘤复发和软组织并发症，切口愈合良好。29例患者关节功能参照保肢组MSTS系统下肢功能评定功能恢复率达80％。结论肿瘤假体置换术后再手术的原因有多种，与肿瘤生物学特性、手术适应症、术者保肢理念与经验、假体设计及假体材料质量等因素有关，而肿瘤复发、假体松动、断裂和脱位是肿瘤假体置换术后二次手术的常见原因。随患者生存期的延长，再手术者将逐渐增多。只要采取及时正确的处理方法，多数再手术患者仍可得到满意的治疗效果。