婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄超声与X 线诊断的对比研究

目的　通过超声诊断CHPS 3 1例 ,与X线对照 ,讨论超声诊断的临床意义。方法　对X线诊断为CHPS的患儿进行超声检查 ,测量幽门管肌层厚度 ,观察胃潴留情况。结果　超声测量幽门横切面 ,幽门肌厚度≥ 3 .5mm ,合并胃潴留的3 1例患儿 ,诊断为CHPS ,与X线诊断相符合 ,并经手术证实。结论　超声可作为CHPS诊断的首选方法。     

小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的彩超诊断及临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在诊断先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(CHPS)的临床价值。材料与方法采用彩色多普勒超声高频探头对临床上怀疑先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄的呕吐患儿进行检查,回顾分析本院2012年10月至2014年10月间经手术证实的21例CHPS患儿的幽门管的超声表现包括形态结构、幽门管长径、直径及幽门肌厚度、胃腔大小、胃蠕动和幽门管的开放情况,并与手术结果对照。结果以幽门肌厚度≥4mm,幽门直径≥1 5mm,幽门管长度≥17mm,且空腹后胃腔扩张,为诊断肥厚性幽门狭窄的标准.所有共21例超声诊断为CHPS的患者均经手术证实。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断CHPS有特异性,而且操作简单、安全、方便,是首选的影像学检查方法,对临床诊断及治疗方案的选择具有重要的应用价值。     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的超声诊断价值

目的 通过总结手术证实的57例先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（CHPS）的超声诊断结果,探讨该病的声像图特点及临床应用价值.方法 测量幽门管长度,直径及幽门肌厚度.结果 57例CHPS的幽门肌厚度均≥3.5 mm,最厚8.5 mm,平均4.7 mm.结论 超声可作为诊断CHPS的首选方法.     

超声诊断婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄

目的：通过14年应用超声诊断先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（CHPS）96例，回顾其临床应用价值。方法：对患儿的幽门管肌层厚进行测量，与22例正常婴儿进行比较，观察胃内容物滞留情况，结果：超声测量幽门横切面幽门肌厚度≥3.5mm，合并胃潴留的90例患儿，诊断为CHPS，并经手术证实，结论：超声可作为诊断CHPS首有选方法。     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的超声表现分析

目的探讨先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis CHPS)的声像图特点。方法 分析手术证实的15例CHPS声像特征，与非CHPS患儿组对照。结果14例CHPS有曲型的声像特征。1、胆囊内下方及右肾前方见团块状幽门；2、幽门横轴面呈靶环状，中央为强回声气体及流动液体回声，周围为低回声肌层；3、幽门纵轴面显示前后肌层增厚，近端宽阔，远端狭窄，CHPS患儿幽门肌层长径，幽门管直径，幽门环股厚度明显高于非CHPS患儿组，幽门肌层长径，幽门管直径超声测两组之间有交叉重叠，幽门环肌厚度测值两组之间无重叠，超声符合率达93.3%。结论 超声诊断CHPS有较强的特异性，超声诊断CHPS简单易行，无创伤，无痛苦，我们认为疑有CHPS应首先超声检查，阴性病例应结合X-线检查以避免假阴性。     

婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的超声诊断

目的 回顾11例先天性幽门狭窄(CHPS)。探讨该病的声像图特点。方法 观察患儿胃潴留情况。测量幽门管肌层厚度。结果幽门肌厚度明显增厚≥3．6mm，量厚达9．5mm。结论 超声对CHPS诊断有特异性价值。     

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的高频超声诊断指标与价值探讨

目的探讨高频超声诊断小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的标准及价值。方法禁食后应用高频超声对临床疑有先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的患儿进行超声检查。观察胃内容物的量及幽门的形态、结构,分别测量幽门外径、长度、肌层的厚度和及幽门管腔内径。分析70例经手术证实患儿的术前超声检查结果。结果 70例中68例声像图呈特征性改变,幽门管长径(22.30±2.68)mm,幽门肌厚度(4.60±0.88)mm,幽门直径(14.50±1.86)mm。以幽门肌层厚度≥4 mm为诊断标准,敏感度为71.43%;以幽门肌层厚度>3 mm为诊断标准,敏感度为97.14%。结论高频超声对小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄有较高的诊断价值;以幽门肌层厚度>3 mm为诊断标准可以大幅提高敏感度,减少漏诊,使患儿得到及时治疗。     

超声检查在婴儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄中运用的临床探讨

先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（Congenital hypertrophicpyloricstenosis,CHPS）是新生儿期常见的外科疾病,患儿因幽门部肌肉肥厚、增生,造成腔道狭窄而导致幽门部机械眭梗阻,CHPS发病率约占消化道畸形的第三位。若能对CHPS患儿进行早期诊断并进行早期治疗,则患儿的预后良好;否则可导致患儿营养不良,甚至出现死亡。随着高频超声对婴儿CHPS检查技术的提高,实现了对婴儿CHPS的早期无创性诊断。作者对超声与x线造影检查在婴儿CHPS临床诊断中的结果进行比较,旨在探讨最适合婴儿CHPS临床诊断的影像学检查方法,现报告如下。     

幽门狭窄的X线与超声诊断

目的:对比分析幽门狭窄的X线与B超的诊断价值。方法:50例患儿，全部经X线钡餐检查，部分做B超对比检查分析。结果:本组X线钡餐检查，均显示典型征象而被确诊。B超对照检查95％符合诊断标准。结论:X线钡餐与B超检查对幽门狭窄的诊断特异性都很高，X线检查以显示腔内形态结构，以及对瓣膜型狭窄的分型诊断优于B超。而对腔外幽门肌厚度大小及管壁周围相邻关系的显示B超胜过X线。     

高频超声在胃镜下幽门肌切开术治疗CHPS的应用价值

目的　旨在通过运用高频超声观察行胃镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(CHPS)前后肥厚狭窄的幽门管组织各层粘膜改变以及胃内液体通过幽门管情况,以探讨高频超声在此新型微创术式的应用价值和临床意义。方法　对65例CHPS的患儿进行超声检查,观察CHPS患儿术前与术后1天、术后1周、术后1个月、术后6个月幽门管各粘膜层厚度的改变以及幽门管内径变化。结果　手术后1天黏膜及黏膜下层厚度较手术前增加;术后1周及术后1个月幽门管长径、直径、幽门肌层厚度较手术前减小,黏膜及黏膜下层厚度无变化;手术后6个月幽门管长径、直径、幽门肌层厚度、黏膜及黏膜下层厚度均较手术前减少。术后胃内液体通过幽门管的次数较术前明显增多,幽门管开放程度增大。结论　根据高频超声所测得的胃镜下幽门肌切开术治疗CHPS前后的数据发现,幽门肌层和黏膜及黏膜下层厚度的变薄以及幽门管的狭窄程度改善,得出该微创术式是有效的手术方法,超声对其手术的疗效评估有重要的意义。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断在先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄中的诊断价值

目的:研究彩色多普勒超声检查对先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(chps)的诊断价值。材料与方法:回顾性分析我院76例手术证实的chps患者,与其彩超检查结果比较结果:76例患儿超声与手术符合率为92.1%;超声所测得幽门管长径平均(19.2±3.5)mm,幽门管直径(14.1±3.1)mm,幽门肌厚度(6.1±1.2)mm,与手术所得结果进行比较,p0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论:彩色多普勒超声检查对chps有较高的确诊率,且无伤害,易操作。     

高频超声诊断婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的应用价值

目的:探讨高频超声在诊断婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(C H P S)的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析我院收治的11例怀疑先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄患儿的超声表现,观察胃潴留情况、胃内容物通过幽门管情况、幽门管形态,测量幽门肌层厚度、幽门管直径、幽门管长度.结果:11例患儿均为足月儿,均为进行性呕吐加重,1例经内科治疗后好转,...     

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis

We evaluated 101 children for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) at Arkansas Children's Hospital. Diagnosis was based upon a palpable epigastric "olive" characteristic of HPS, or sonographic measurements of the pylorus. In 28 children, the diagnosis was confirmed by physical examination alone; the remaining 73 had ultrasound examination. Pyloric measurements included muscle thickness, transverse diameter, and total length. Pyloric function was also studied during examination. Using a thickness of less than 4 mm, a diameter of less than 13 mm, and a length of less than 17 mm as normal criteria, 31 cases of HPS were correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography. In the remaining 42, no pyloric abnormality could be demonstrated on further evaluation.     

肥厚性幽门狭窄超声和X线影像诊断及对比分析

目的：讨论肥厚性幽门狭窄的影像学表现及Ｘ线钡餐检查临床意义。材料与方法：４８例呕吐患儿分别行超声和Ｘ线钡餐检查,并与手术结果对照分析。结果：４８例患者超声诊断肥厚性幽门狭窄,４７例经手术证实,１例Ｘ线钡餐检查及手术证实为骨窦部隔膜型狭窄。其中１２例伴胃食管返流,２例伴食管裂孔疝。所有患者行幽门成形术后症状缓解或消失。结论：超声和Ｘ线钡餐检查对于肥厚性幽门狭窄诊断均具有较高诊断准确性;钡餐检查并可同     

高频超声在婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄诊断中的应用

目的探讨高频超声在先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄（ＣＨＰＳ）中的应用价值。方法对３０例ＣＨＰＳ患儿的幽门管长度、厚度及幽门肌层厚度进行测量,并与手术结果及１０例正常婴儿进行比较。结果超声测量ＣＨＰＳ幽门管长度≥１５ｍｍ,幽门管厚度≥１０ｍｍ,幽门肌层厚度≥４ｍｍ,与正常婴儿比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,超声测量ＣＨＰＳ患儿幽门管厚度和幽门肌层厚度与手术中测量无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论高频超声对     

Ultrasonic "double track" sign in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Ultrasound has been used in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis since the first reports of its use with contact B mode scanners. Real-time imaging has allowed measurements of pyloric diameter, length, and muscle wall thickness. Wall thickness measurements taken with the pylorus in longitudinal (elongated) view improve diagnostic accuracy. Fluid aided real-time examination of 10 cases showed the ultrasound equivalent of the "double track" sign. This finding is the result of pyloric fluid compressed into smaller tracks as it is impinged upon circumferentially by the thickened circular muscle. This sign, previously seen in barium studies, although nonspecific, may prove to be a sensitive diagnostic criterion.     

Ultrasound follow-up of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) during conservative therapy: ultrasound findings as criteria for diagnosis and cure

Purpose  During conservative therapy of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) with atropine sulfate, there are many patients who do not achieve normal values of pyloric wall thickness and canal length even though they are clinically cured (vomiting has ceased); an objective criterion for cure has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to examine whether the appearance of pyloric wall stratification can be used as a criterion for cure. Methods  Twenty infants with IHPS who were treated conservatively were enrolled. Two of them ultimately required surgery. Ultrasound examinations were done serially and the pyloric wall thickness and canal length were measured. The echogenicity of the pyloric wall and the presence of wall stratification were noted. Results  On admission, all infants satisfied the ultrasound criteria for IHPS and had a heterogeneous pyloric wall without stratification. With conservative therapy, symptoms disappeared, the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length gradually decreased, the echogenicity gradually became homogeneous and hypoechoic, and wall stratification appeared (in most cases before the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length had normalized). The absence of wall stratification suggests that cellular interstitial changes, such as edema or inflammation, are present in the pyloric wall in the acute stage. Conclusion  Pyloric wall stratification was absent during the acute stage, but it appeared after initiation of treatment but before the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length had normalized. The presence of pyloric wall stratification can be used as a criterion for cure; the absence of wall stratification can be added to ultrasound diagnostic criteria for IHPS.     

Does dehydration affect thickness of the pyloric muscle? An experimental study

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS) is a common condition in infancy associated with smooth muscle hypertrophy and resulting in pyloric outlet obstruction. The final diagnosis of CHPS is based on precise ultrasonographic measurements of length and width of the pyloric muscle. Based on our clinical and sonographic experience, we observed that smaller measurements of the pyloric muscle were obtained in dehydrated infants than in children examined after proper fluid restoration. The clinical importance of these observations was evident because false-negative results could be obtained. An experimental animal work followed, proving our clinical observation to be true. A significant difference of about 30% to 50% was found between measurements of the muscle thickness of the gastric and pyloric muscles in a state of water deprivation, as compared with a state of full hydration (p < 0.05). Based on our preliminary results, we suggest that children with suspected CHPS should be well hydrated before the ultrasound (US) examination is performed, to avoid false-negative results and a consequent delay in treatment.