孤独症患儿听性脑干反应结果分析

目的探讨孤独症患儿听性脑干反应(ABR)的特点。方法对12例孤独症患儿分别进行声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、40Hz相关电位及听性脑干反应(ABR)测试,并对其中3例ABR异常者进行分析。结果 12例双耳均为A型鼓室导抗图,双耳同侧及对侧声反射均可引出,DPOAE均可正常引出,40Hz相关电位500、1 000Hz阈值均≤25dB nHL;12例ABR反应阈均正常,其中9例波形分化好,重复性好,各波潜伏期及波间期正常;3例ABR表现异常:1例双耳波Ⅱ以后各波潜伏期延长;1例双耳Ⅰ-Ⅲ波间期延长;1例双耳波Ⅰ潜伏期正常,波Ⅲ后各波潜伏期、波间期缩短。结论部分孤独症患儿虽中耳及耳蜗功能正常,但其脑干及下丘之间中枢听传导通路可能异常,故对孤独症患者应常规行听功能检测。     

DPOAE与高刺激率ABR在听力正常耳鸣患者中的应用价值

目的 观察分析听力正常的耳鸣患者畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)与高刺激率听性脑干反应(ABR)检测的特征,探讨其在耳鸣评估中的应用价值。 方法 选取耳鼻咽喉科门诊听力正常的青年耳鸣患者31例(46耳)为耳鸣组,另外选取听力结果正常的青年无耳鸣者25例(50耳)为正常对照组,分别进行纯音听阈测定、声导抗测听、DPOAE和高低刺激率ABR的检测,对比两组受试者DPOAE各频检出率和信噪比以及高低刺激率ABR各波潜伏期(PL)、波间期(IPL)、波幅以及两种刺激速率下的潜伏期和波间期差值(△PL和△IPL)。 结果 DPOAE各频检出率两组无显著性差异;信噪比在8 kHz,耳鸣组较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高低刺激率ABR结果中,不同刺激速率下两组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波波幅差异均无统计学意义;高刺激速率下,耳鸣组Ⅰ~Ⅴ IPL较对照组延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两种刺激速率下,耳鸣组Ⅰ△PL较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),耳鸣组Ⅴ△PL、Ⅰ~Ⅴ△IPL较对照组延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 DPOAE与高刺激率ABR可作为诊断耳鸣的一种客观检查方法,其对耳鸣的早期评估有重要的应用价值;增加ABR刺激速率,可提高耳鸣检测的敏感性。     

分泌性中耳炎患儿听性脑干反应的应用及特征

目的 通过比较分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion, OME)患儿鼓膜置管术前、后听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response, ABR)的变化,探讨ABR测试在儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治中的临床应用价值.方法 对50例(100耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿行鼓膜置管术前进行ABR测试,其中有30例(60耳) 术后再次行ABR测试,并与50例(100耳)正常对照组儿童进行比较;另外将该30例(60耳)患儿根据鼓室分泌物黏稠度分两组,分泌物黏稠组16例(32耳),分泌物稀薄组14例(28耳),将两组ABR波Ⅴ阈值结果进行比较.结果 50例(100耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿术前ABR波Ⅴ阈值及波Ⅰ潜伏期均正常者占13%,漏诊率为13%;波Ⅴ阈值正常占41%,轻度异常52%,中度异常7%;波Ⅰ潜伏期正常19%,72%波Ⅰ潜伏期延长,9%出现波Ⅰ缺失.术前OME组患儿的ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ各波潜伏期比正常儿童延长,阈值升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期缩短,与正常组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后ABR波Ⅴ阈值及波Ⅰ潜伏期均正常者占46.7%;波Ⅴ阈值正常占70.5%,轻度异常29.5%;波Ⅰ引出率100%,潜伏期正常占50.2%;OME组中术前、术后ABR各波潜伏期、波Ⅴ阈值比较差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),各波波间期比较无差异,术后听力有明显改善,但与正常组比较部分患儿波Ⅴ阈值仍高,波Ⅰ、Ⅲ潜伏期仍延长,Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期缩短(P＜0.05);分泌物黏稠组波Ⅴ阈值较稀薄组高.结论 单用ABR作为诊断OME的依据是有欠缺的,但大部分患儿可以通过该检查进行听力损失的评估,以了解鼓膜置管术后的听力状况及恢复程度.     

正常新生儿听性脑干反应测试结果分析

目的　分析新生儿听性脑干反应(auditorybrainstemresponses,ABR)的基本特征,为国内开展新生儿ABR检测及听力筛选提供依据。方法　对80名正常新生儿(160耳)的ABR测试结果进行分析,并与正常听力青年人测试结果进行比较。结果　130dBpeSPL强度短声刺激下,正常新生儿波Ⅰ、波Ⅲ、波Ⅴ的检出率均为100%。波Ⅴ反应阈为61.94±6.87dBpeSPL,显著高于正常听力青年人。新生儿波潜伏期和波间期均较正常听力青年人延长,波间期Ⅲ-Ⅴ/Ⅰ-Ⅲ比值显著低于正常听力青年人。结论　70dBpeSPL短声是较为适宜的新生儿ABR听力筛选的声刺激;性别及左、右耳差异不影响新生儿ABR筛选;新生儿听觉通路存在一个不断完善的成熟过程,但其脑干上、下部的发育并不是完全同步的。     

正常青年女性月经周期ABR变化观察

目的 观察正常青年女性月经周期听性脑干反应各参数变化情况。方法 采用日本三荣7S11-A型信号处理机，对20名正常女性月经前期、行经期、月经中期与对照组之间听性脑干反应波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ—Ⅴ波间期进行分析。结果 女性月经前期、行经期、月经中期与男性对照组之间听性脑干反应波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ—Ⅴ波间期差异均有统计学意义，女性ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期在月经前期比行经期和中期分别缩短。结论 女性月经周期内分泌的变化可以导致ABRⅢ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ—Ⅴ波间期的变化。     

3～4月龄及5～6月龄婴儿听性脑干反应的正常值分析

目的观察正常婴儿听性脑干反应(ABR)潜伏期及阈值正常值范围,为早期干预治疗提供依据。方法应用美国ICS CHARTR诱发电位仪对40例(80耳)听力正常的婴儿和20例听力正常成人进行ABR检测,根据年龄分为A组(3~4月龄)、B组(5~6月龄)、对照组。建立不同月龄婴儿ABR正常值范围,讨论性别、耳别、月龄对测试结果的影响及阈值测定的临床应用。结果80dB nHL短声刺激下,A组A easeBR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期的正常值范围分别是:(1.52±0.19)m s、(4.20±0.20)m s、(6.34±0.26)m s;B组ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期的正常值范围分别是:(1.50±0.09)m s、(4.05±0.16)m s、(6.16±0.25)m s;对照组ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期的正常值范围分别是:(1.43±0.10)m s、(3.63±0.15)m s、(5.50±0.16)m s。随着月龄的增长,婴儿各波的潜伏期(PL)和波间期(IPL)均缩短;但6月龄时仍未达成人水平。A、B两组各波的潜伏期及波间期与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);A组与B组比较Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。女婴潜伏期和波间期短于男婴(A组内Ⅰ-Ⅲ波间期除外),A组内男女间Ⅴ波潜伏期差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);B组内男女Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各组内左右耳差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。各月龄组及正常成人ABR反应阈差异无统计学意义。结论建立不同月龄婴儿ABR潜伏期及阈值正常值标准,为听损伤的早期诊断和随访监测提供可靠依据。     

不同周龄早产儿听性脑干反应的初步研究

目的了解不同周龄早产儿及同龄足月儿听性脑干反应(ABR)的发展变化,探讨早产儿听力损失的早期诊断时机和诊断标准。方法按照周龄的不同将听功能正常的早产儿分成3组(34~37周龄儿为A组,37 1~44周龄儿为B组,50~54周龄儿为C组),3月龄健康足月儿为D组,分别进行ABR测试,比较各组ABR的各波潜伏期和波间期的变化,并进行统计学分析。结果与足月儿相比,早产儿ABR波形较为简单,波间期较长;随着周龄的增加,波Ⅰ引出率逐渐增加,波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期和Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期逐渐缩短。70dB nHL短声刺激下,A组与C、D两组比较,B组与C组比较各波潜伏期及波间期的差异有统计学意义;A组与B组的波Ⅲ潜伏期的差异有统计学意义。50~54周龄(相当于足月儿3月龄)的早产儿,与同龄健康足月儿相比,ABR各波潜伏期和波间期均无统计学差异。30dB nHL短声刺激下各组ABR波Ⅴ潜伏期随周龄增加而缩短,其差异有统计学意义。结论①早产儿听力损失的早期诊断,可以在推算周龄为50~54周时进行,诊断标准可参考同龄健康足月儿;②ABR阈值正常,但潜伏期和波间期异常的早产儿要定期随访。     

骨导ABR测试信号经气放射对结果的影响

为了解骨导听性脑干反应(ABR)测试中骨导振荡器测试信号经气放射对结果的影响,本组用Dantec-Evolution诱发电位系统测试了正常听力年青人20名38耳和传导性聋13例21耳的骨导ABR.两组结果比较,在较高刺激强度正常组有较大的刺激伪迹,对Ⅰ波干扰较大.两组反应阈、Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ波潜伏期、Ⅰ-Ⅲ和Ⅲ-Ⅴ波间期无显著差异,但Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期的差异有统计学意义.这是由于正常组骨导振荡器经气放射的刺激伪迹对波Ⅰ的影响使Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期缩短.本结果提示在用骨导ABR确定反应阈时可不考虑这个影响,但在用于蜗后病变定位诊断时要考虑经气放射的影响问题,     

听力正常孤独症谱系障碍儿童的听性脑干反应波形特征分析

目的 探究听力正常孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)儿童的听性脑干反应(ABR)特征及各波潜伏期和波间期与ASD严重程度分级的关系。方法 (1)将55例(110耳)听力正常ASD儿童和月龄、性别相匹配的55例(110耳)典型发育(typical development, TD)儿童,按月龄分为≤24月龄(22耳)、25～36月龄(40耳)、37～48月龄(28耳)及>48月龄(20耳)四个亚组。比较听力正常ASD儿童与TD儿童的ABR潜伏期和波间期是否存在差异。(2)根据第五版精神障碍诊断与统计手册(DSM-V)将ASD儿童按照严重程度分级,探究听力正常ASD儿童ABR各波潜伏期和波间期与其严重程度分级是否相关。结果 (1)≤24月龄时,ASD与TD儿童ABR各波潜伏期及波间期差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)25～36月龄时,与TD儿童相比,听力正常ASD儿童波Ⅲ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期显著延长;37～48月龄时波Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期显著延长;>48月龄时波Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期显著...     

自闭症患儿听觉诱发反应检测分析

目的 探讨自闭症患儿听觉诱发反应的变化情况.方法 将研究对象分为3组:①正常组(17例);②自闭症Ⅰ组(起病时间＜1年,20例);③自闭症Ⅱ组(起病时间≥1年,22例).以上三组在镇静催眠条件下接受40 Hz听觉事件诱发反应(40 Hz-AERP)、听性稳态反应(ASSR)、听性脑干反应(ABR)检测,比较各组检测结果.结果 ①自闭症Ⅰ、Ⅱ组40 Hz-AERP、ASSR与正常组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②自闭症Ⅰ、Ⅱ组ABR的波Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期较正常组延长(P＜0.05),且Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组明显延长, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 自闭症患儿听力基本正常,但ABR表现为脑干传导时间延长,且起病时间越久,延长越明显,提示自闭症患儿脑干听觉传导通路可能异常,这可能是造成自闭症患儿认知、语言能力发育异常的原因之一.     

助听器的声场验配法

在声场测听条件下，对17名儿童（33耳）进行助听前和助听后的声场听阈测试。以助听后听阈值能否进入言语香蕉图范围来评价助听效果，为使助听效果满意，在测试时可调节助听器的各种调节使扭；测试结果显示，该法不失为助听器验配的有效方法之一。本文亦对影响本方法的一些因素做了讨论。     

畸变产物耳声发射幅值与超高频纯音听阈的关系

目的 探讨畸变产物耳声发射（ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｌｓ ｏｔｏａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ ｅｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，ＤＰＯＡＥ）与超高频纯音听阈用于早期耳蜗性听力损害的听力监测的可能性。方法 ＤＰＯＡＥ以配对初始音诱发，两音强度均为７０ｄＢ ＳＰＬ，频率比为１：１．２，频率范围０．５￣８ｋＨｚ。测定常规频率（１２５Ｈｚ￣８ｋＨｚ）及超高频率（９￣２０ｋＨｚ）的纯音听阈。比较正常听阈组与不正常听阈值的Ｄ     

Hearing Aid Fitting by Prescription

A procedure for the specification of hearing aid response characteristics is described. Thresholds of discomfort and most comfortable levels for narrow bands of noise centered at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 kHz are determined. The thresholds of discomfort relate to the maximum power output of the hearing aid and the most comfortable levels determine the gain and frequency response that will be required. The data derived from these measurements are given to the hearing aid dispenser who provides a hearing aid that matches the prescribed response characteristics

This technique requires less time than the conventional hearing aid evaluation procedure, and it provides the audiologist with measures of auditory function that can be directly related to hearing aid parameters     

加强前庭神经鞘瘤手术听力保留研究

随着显微外科技术、神经电生理监测及神经影像相关技术的发展,前庭神经鞘瘤的治疗目标已经从挽救患者生命转变为神经功能的保留。近年来,前庭神经鞘瘤全切除和保留面神经功能已达到相对稳定水平,听力保留成为继二者后研究热点。本文就手术治疗前庭神经鞘瘤听力保留的现状及相关进展作简要介绍,以期鼓励更多相关研究,促进听力保留工作的进展。     

Organic solvents and hearing loss: The challenge for audiology

Organic solvents have been reported to adversely affect human health, including hearing health. Animal models have demonstrated that solvents may induce auditory damage, especially to the outer hair cells. Research on workers exposed to solvents has suggested that these chemicals may also induce auditory damage through effects on the central auditory pathways. Studies conducted with both animals and humans demonstrate that the hearing frequencies affected by solvent exposure are different to those affected by noise, and that solvents may interact synergistically with noise. The present article aims to review the contemporary literature of solvent-induced hearing loss, and consider the implications of solvent-induced auditory damage for clinical audiologists. Possible audiological tests that may be used when auditory damage due to solvent exposure is suspected are discussed.

Sumario

Se ha reportado que los solventes orgánicos afectan adversamente la salud humana, incluyen la salud auditiva. Los modelos animales han demostrado que los solventes pueden inducir daño auditivo, especialmente en las células ciliadas externas. La investigación en trabajadores expuestos a solventes sugiere que estos productos químicos pueden también inducir daño auditivo afectando las vías auditivas centrales. Los estudios conducidos en animales y en humanos demuestran que las frecuencias auditivas afectadas por la exposición a solventes son diferentes de las afectadas por el ruido, y que los solventes pueden actuar en sinergia con el ruido. El presente artículo pretende revisar la literatura contemporánea sobre hipoacusia inducida por solventes, y hacer consideraciones clínicas para el audiólogo sobre el daño auditivo inducido por solventes. Se discuten posibles pruebas auditivas que pueden ser utilizadas cuando se sospecha daño auditivo debido a la exposición a solventes.     

Active Communication Education (ACE): A Program for Older People with Hearing Impairment

The threshold-duration function of the acoustic reflex was investigated in 5 male and 5 female adult, normal-hearing humans and in 3 adult male subjects with hearing loss of cochlear etiology. Reflex threshold was obtained at stimulus durations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 msec and at frequencies of 500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, and 4 000 Hz. Three commercially available acoustic bridges were employed, the Madsen ZO-70 and Grason-Stadler 1720 electroacoustic bridges, and the Grason-Stadler-Zwislocki model 3 mechanical-acoustic bridge. A probe-tone frequency of 220 Hz was used in all measures. The reflex threshold-duration function for normal-hearing subjects was found to encompass a much greater range of intensity than the psychophysically assessed auditory threshold temporal integration function. A sex difference was found which may be explained by subclinical noise-induced cochlear pathology in the male subjects with subsequent truncation of the reflex threshold-duration function. The function was also found to be truncated in the 3 subjects with hearing loss diagnosed to be of cochlear etiology. The implications of these findings for control of stimulus duration in clinical reflex measurement are discussed     

Association between cytogenetic alteration and the audiometric profile of individuals with Turner syndrome

IntroductionTurner syndrome is a frequent genetic disorder that affects female individuals and covers a large phenotypic variability. Scientific literature suggests an association between hearing loss and Turner syndrome, but it remains a controversial topic.ObjectiveTo associate the cytogenetic alteration with the audiometric profile of individuals with Turner syndrome.MethodsCross-sectional study, with a hospital-based, convenience sample. Patients diagnosed with Turner syndrome were included and those with difficulty understanding the audiometry and/or other associated syndromes were excluded. The participants were studied with pure tone audiometry.ResultsOf the 65 patients included, 36.9% had X chromosome monosomy and 63.0% had other alterations. Regarding the audiometry, 64.6% had normal thresholds and 35.3% had hearing impairment. Of these, 30.4% had hybrid hearing loss, 26.0% alteration at 6 and/or 8 kHz, 17.3% had conductive hearing loss, 13.0% sensorineural loss and 13.0% had mixed hearing loss. We observed that the mild degree was the most frequent one. There was no statistically significant association between the cytogenetic type of Turner syndrome and the presence or absence of hearing loss, or with the type and degree of hearing loss.ConclusionThe cytogenetic alteration in Turner syndrome was not associated with the audiometric profile, which showed variability regarding the type and degree of hearing loss.     

Self-reported hearing difficulty and hearing Okamoto/Nakanishi/Tatara impairment in Japanese people living in a community

Nine hundred and eighteen people aged 40 years and over were examined to assess the relationship between self-reported hearing difficulty and hearing impairment at 1 kHz and 4 kHz during annual health check-ups. After adjustment for potential confounding factors of selfreported hearing difficulty such as age, sex, noise exposure, ear disease and tinnitus, the odds ratios for self-reported hearing difficulty at 1 kHz compared with a hearing threshold of 30 dB were 1.74, 3.37 and 4.97 for hearing thresholds of 40 dB, 50 dB, and over 50 dB, respectively ( p-value for trend = 0.003). At 4 kHz, the respective odds ratios for self-reported hearing difficulty were 1.53, 2.59 and 1.83 ( p-value for trend = 0.012). These results suggest that self-reported hearing difficulty is closely associated with the severity of hearing impairment at 1 kHz and 4 kHz in a community-residing population and that people with hearing impairment at 1 kHz would be more sensitive to their hearing difficulty than those with hearing impairment at 4 kHz.

Sumario Novecientas dieciocho personas con edades de 40 an?os o ma´s fueron evaluadas para establecer la relacio´n entre la dificultad auditiva auto-reportada y un trastorno auditivo real en 1 kHz y 4 kHz, durante sus evaluaciones anuales de salud. Luego de hacer ajustes para posibles factores de confusio´n en el auto-reporte de la dificultad para escuchar, como la edad, el sexo, la exposicio´n al ruido, la enfermedad otolo´gica o el acu´feno, se establecio´ que la razo´n de posibilidades (odds ratio) para la dificultad auditiva en 1 kHz comparada con un umbral auditivo de 30 dB, fue de 1.74, 3.37 y 4.97 para umbrales auditivos de 40 dB, 50 dB y por encima de 50 dB, respectivamente (valor p de la tendencia igual a 0.003). A 4 kHz, las razones de posibilidad respectivas para la dificultad auditiva auto-reportada fueron 1.53, 2.59 y 1.83 (valor p de la tendencia igual a 0.012). Estos resultados sugieren que la dificultad auditiva auto-reportada esta´ estrechamente asociada con la severidad del trastorno auditivo en 1 kHz y en 4 kHz, en una poblacio´n de residentes de una comunidad, y que las personas con trastornos auditivos en 1 kHz seri´an ma´s sensibles a su dificultad auditiva que aquellos con alteraciones en 4 kHz.     

Effect of Hearing Rehabilitation Therapy Program in Hearing Aid Users: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectivesDespite sufficient hearing gains, many patients with hearing loss have difficulty using hearing aids due to poor word recognition ability. This study was performed to introduce our hearing rehabilitation therapy (HRT) program for hearing aid users and to evaluate its effect on hearing improvement.MethodsIn this prospective randomized case-control study, 37 participants with moderate or moderate-severe sensorineural hearing loss who had used bilateral hearing aids for more than 3 months with sufficient functional hearing gain were enrolled in this study. Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to the control group (CG) and 18 patients were assigned to participate in our HRT program once a week for 8 consecutive weeks (hearing rehabilitation therapy group [HRTG]). Their hearing results and questionnaire scores for hearing handicap and hearing aid outcomes were prospectively collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter completing 8 weeks of the HRT program, the HRTG showed a significantly greater improvement in scores for consonant-only and consonant-vowel sound perception than the CG (P<0.05). In addition, the HRTG showed a significant improvement in hearing ability as measured by two questionnaires (P<0.05), while no differences were observed in the CG. However, word and sentence recognition test results did not show significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionEven after short-term HRT, patients had subjectively better hearing outcomes and improved phoneme perception ability; this provides scientific evidence regarding a possible positive role for HRT programs in hearing aid users. Further validation in a larger population through a long-term follow-up study is needed.