大鼠左心房肌单相动作电位的增龄性变化

目的　研究年龄对大鼠左心房肌单相动作电位(monophasicactionpotential,MAP)的影响。方法　选取实验用Wistar大鼠4 0只,按出生年龄分为青年组、成年组、中年组及老年组,每组10只。体外Langendorff灌流心脏,右心室刺激。分别记录各组左心房肌在4 0 0ms刺激周长下动作电位复极到90 %、5 0 %及2 0 %时的单相动作电位时程(MAPD90 )、MAPD50 、MAPD2 0 和心房有效不应期,以及在不同刺激周长下的MAPD90 、MAPD50 、MAPD2 0 。结果　MAPD各时相和有效不应期都随着年龄的增加而出现延长(P <0 .0 1) ;但老年组缩短。在同一年龄组中,刺激频率增加使动作电位时程都相应缩短,以MAPD90 明显;中年组MAPD改变明显。结论　年龄是影响心脏电活动重要的独立因素之一。     

心房肌急性电重构的临床研究

目的探讨快速心房激动对心房电生理特性的影响.方法以150～200ms起搏周长(PCL)对21例射频消融术后患者右心房进行S1S1刺激诱发心房颤动,心房快速刺激前、后均以400ms周长分别对高位右心房(HRA)、低位右心房(LRA)、希氏束周围(HB)、右心耳(RAA)等多部位进行S1S2扫描,测定心房有效不应期(ERP)、有效不应期空间离散度(ERPd)、右心房内及心房间传导时间(CT)的变化;以350ms、400ms和450ms3个不同周长随机对RAA进行S1S2扫描,观察有效不应期频率自适应性(ERPA)的变化.结果快速心房激动后ERP较刺激前有明显缩短,HRA的ERP[(193.2±25.5)msvs(179.7±23.3)ms,P=0.001、LRA的ERP [(198.0±30.8)msvs(182.0±22.5)ms,P=0.026]、HB的ERP[(195.0±26.6)ms vs(182.0±16.8)ms,P=0.018]、RAA的ERP(194.0±20.1)msvs(180.0±29.0)ms,P=0.014].而ERPd则无明显变化[(25.0±17.8)ms vs(28.0±16.9)ms,P=0.576];3个不同周长下RAA的ERP均较心房快速激动前有显著缩短,S1S1为350ms、400ms和450ms.心房快速激动前后ERP分别为[(186.2±24.4)ms vs(168.7±30.9)ms,P=0.006]、[(194.0±20.1)ms vs(180.0±29.0)ms,P=0.014]和[(191.2±33.1)ms vs(170.0±28.3)ms,P=0.0001];心房快速激动前、后ERP与PCL相关系数分别为(rb=0.998,P=0.041;ra=0.397,P=0.74),心房激动前斜率接近正常0.058,激动后斜率为0.015.房内房间CT无明显变化,HRA-HB[(46.5±12.5)msvs(48.4±12.0)ms,P=0.125]、HB-CSD[(47.0±14.2)ms vs(49.6±14.8)ms,P=0.153].结论快速心房激动使右心房同一周长不同部位、同一部位不同起搏周长下ERP缩短,ERPA下降;ERPd及右心房内房间传导速度无明显改变.快速心房刺激使人心房肌发生电重构,ERP缩短、ERPA下降可能是心房颤动发生、维持和发展的重要原因.     

阿魏酸钠与胺碘酮对家兔心室肌电生理作用的对比研究

目的 :研究阿魏酸钠对家兔心室肌复极及有效不应期 (ERP)的影响 ,探讨其抗心律失常的可能机制。方法 :16只家兔随机分为阿魏酸钠组与胺碘酮组 ,各组同步记录体表心电图 (ECG)及右室心内膜单相动作电位 (MAP) ,比较在窦性心律下 ,用药前及用药后窦性心动周长 (SCL)、QRS时限 (QRSD)、MAP振幅 (MAPA)、ERP及复极 90 %时程 (MAPD90 )的变化。结果 :阿魏酸钠发挥与胺碘酮一致的时间依赖性延长MAPD90 与ERP作用 ,但不改变ERP/MAPD90 比值 ,胺碘酮用药 15min ,ERP及MAPD90 分别由用药前的 (12 5 .0 0± 16 .2 6 )ms、(14 3.12± 15 .80 )ms延长为 (199.0 0± 2 1.6 2 )ms、(2 16 .88± 2 3.14 )ms(P <0 .0 1) ;阿魏酸钠用药 2 5min ,ERP及MAPD90 分别由用药前的 (12 2 .5 0± 8.13)ms、(14 0 .0 0± 6 .2 5 )ms延长为 (14 3.75± 6 .87)ms、(16 4 .38± 7.19)ms(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :经与胺碘酮比较 ,推测阿魏酸钠具有Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物的抗心律失常特性。     

心房肌复极的电整复性与阵发性心房颤动发生机制的实验研究

目的 研究在体犬左、右心房肌的电整复性即动作电位时程整复性(APDR),观察其与阵发性心房颤动(房颤)发生的潜在机制.方法 使用单相动作电位技术记录14只犬左、右心房复极达90%的动作电位时程(APD_(90)),并通过S_1S_2程序刺激,观察APDR变化,即每一个舒张间期与刺激后发生心房肌复极APD_(90)的关系,并观察房颤的诱发情况.结果 APD_(90)左心房为(157.4±43.5)ms明显小于右心房(170.9±37.9)ms,P<0.05.心房肌在S_1S_2递减程序刺激下,左心房与右心房具有不同斜率的APDR曲线,左心房的APDR曲线斜率1.3±0.4大于右心房0.9±0.3,P<0.05.进行心房快速起搏S_1S_2刺激时,14只犬中共诱发出18阵房颤,其中左心房刺激发作12阵,明显多于右心房6阵(P<0.05).结论 左、右心房间具有单相动作电位时程的异质性及APDR不均一的复极特性,是诱发折返、发生和维持房颤的基质之一.     

地尔硫卓对心房有效不应期和单相动作电位重构的干预研究

为研究地尔硫卓对快速心房起搏诱发的心房肌急性电重构的影响 ,将 4 0例无器质性心脏病的室上性心动过速患者射频消融成功后 30min随机分为两组 ,地尔硫卓组 15例 ,对照组 2 5例 ;地尔硫卓组给予药物干预 ,对照组以生理盐水替代 ,应用双极记录及单相动作电位记录法检测基础状态下、药物负荷量后 (即快速心房起搏前 )及4 0 0ms周长心房起搏后右心耳、高位右房、低位右房和His束周围等部位有效不应期 (ERP)和右房单相动作电位复极 90 %的时程 (MAPD90 )。结果 :对照组快速心房起搏后心房各部位ERP和右房MAPD90 较刺激前有明显缩短 ,地尔硫卓组心房快速起搏前后各部位ERP和右房MAPD90 无明显改变。结论 :快速心房起搏可使无器质性心脏病和心房颤动病史的患者心房ERP和MAPD90 明显缩短 ,地尔硫卓可阻止快速心房起搏诱发的心房ERP和MAPD90 的缩短 ,提示细胞内钙超载可能是心房ERP和单相动作电位重构的重要原因之一。     

肺静脉隔离对迷走神经对心房电生理特性调节及对心房颤动易感性的影响

目的越来越多的证据表明肺静脉隔离(PVI)不仅去除了心房颤动(房颤)的触发病灶,也可能改变了房颤赖以维持的物质基础,但PVI如何改变了房颤的维持机制的研究较少.研究目的在于PVI对迷走神经对心房电生理特性调节及对房颤易感性的影响.方法11只成年杂种犬,全麻及机械通气下行颈部交感-迷走神经干剥离术,经右颈内静脉穿刺术放置右心室及冠状窦导管,经左股静脉放置右心房导管,经房间膈穿刺途径放置消融及标测导管于左心房.静脉应用普萘洛尔阻断交感神经活性.分别于肺静脉消融前后在基础状态及迷走神经刺激时测量右心耳(RAA)、左心房游离壁(LAFW)、冠状窦近段(CSP)及冠状窦远端(CSD)的不应期(ERP)及心房易感窗口(VW).不应期缩短值为基础状态下的ERP与迷走神经刺激时的ERP的差值,VW定义为引起房性早搏或房颤的最长与最短S1S2间期的差值.结果(1)有效不应期的变化消融术前,迷走神经刺激能明显缩短心脏各部位的ERP.消融术后,左心房内迷走神经刺激所致的ERP缩短值明显降低[LAFW(43.64±21.57)ms与(11.82±9.82)ms,78,P＜0.001;CSP(50.91±26.25)ms与(11.82±14.01)ms,P＜0.001;CSD(50±31.94)ms与(17.27±20.54)ms,P＜0.005]右心房内变化不明显[(58.18±28.22)ms与(50.91±22.12)ms,P=0.245].(2)VW的变化消融术后,基础状态下测得的VW无明显变化[RAA(32.5±37.32)ms与(21.25±27.48)ms LAFW(31.25±28.5)ms与(35±35.46)msCSP(20±23.3)ms与(22.5±26.05)ms;CSD(30±32.95)ms与(27.5±31.51)ms.P=0.21-0.74],而迷走神经刺激时左房内测得的VW明显降低[LAFW(36.25±11.88)ms与(11.25±16.42)msP＜0.001;CSP(52.5±19.82)ms与(13.75±19.96)msP＜0.005;CSD(43.75±19.23)mS与(17.5±19.82)ms,P＜0.05],右心房内无明显变化[(52.5±22.52)ms与(42.5±10.35)ms,P=0.316].结论PVI能导致左心房(包括冠心窦)去迷走神经反应,引起迷走神经刺激时的心房不应期延长及心房易感窗口缩短.提示PVI所致的左心房去迷走神经反应可能为PVI改变房颤赖以维持的物质基础的机制之一.     

迷走神经刺激和乙酰胆碱灌注对心房肌电生理特性的影响

研究在体情况下迷走神经刺激(VNS)和乙酰胆碱(Ach)灌注对心房肌不同部位的电生理影响,并探讨其诱发心房颤动(AF)的机制。10只杂种犬自身随机对照,运用单相动作电位(MAP)记录技术,同步记录10只开胸犬的右心耳(RAA)、高位右房(HRA)、低位右房(LRA)、左心耳(LAA)、高位左房(HLA)、低位左房(LLA)的MAP,分别给予切断迷走神经、VNS、Ach灌注(分别做为对照组、VNS刺激组、Ach灌注组)后,观察诱发AF的情况和动作电位时程APD50、APD90和APD离散(dAPD)的变化。结果:10只犬在VNS刺激和Ach灌注同时,右心耳单一刺激分别有7只和6只犬诱发AF;VNS明显缩短APD50、APD90,其中RAA缩短最明显(APD50从72±5ms到19±4ms,APD90从136±7ms到43±5ms,P<0.001);Ach灌注也明显缩短APD50和APD90,与VNS相比,LLA的APD90缩短更明显(47±6msvs62±8ms,P<0.01);VNS明显升高心房肌APD50和APD90的离散(17±5msvs7±3ms,25±7msvs8±5ms,P<0.01)。结论:VNS和Ach灌注可引起APD缩短和离散升高,但影响的部位和程度稍有差异,都易诱发AF。     

自主神经系统对在体犬跨室壁复极不均一性影响的研究

目的　探讨自主神经系统对在体犬跨室壁复极离散度的影响。方法　用单相动作电位(MAP)记录技术 ,同步记录 12只开胸犬左心室游离壁心外膜心肌 (epicardium ,Epi)、中层心肌(midmyocardium ,Mid)和心内膜心肌 (endocardium ,Endo)的MAP。对自主神经刺激前和刺激过程中 ,三层心肌的跨室壁复极离散度和早期后除极的发生率进行比较。结果　起搏周长为 10 0 0ms时 ,在未刺激自主神经的情况下 ,Epi、Mid和Endo的单相动作电位时程 (MAPD)复极 90 %的时限 (MAPD90 )分别是 (2 78± 11)ms、(316± 16 )ms和 (2 70± 12 )ms;其中Mid的MAPD90 明显长于Epi和Endo的MAPD90 (P<0 0 1)。刺激交感神经时 ,Epi、Mid和Endo细胞的MAPD90 分别缩短 (19± 4 )ms、(45± 6 )ms、(18± 3)ms。与刺激前相比 ,跨室壁复极离散度由 (44± 4 )ms减少到 (15± 3)ms(P <0 0 1) ;但是交感神经刺激时 ,有 5只犬 (41% )的中层心肌出现了早期后除极。迷走神经刺激对三层心肌的MAPD90 值无明显影响。结论　 (1)在体犬心室肌存在跨室壁复极不均一性 ;(2 )交感神经刺激可减少跨室壁复极离散度 ,但易在Mid诱发早期后除极 ;(3)迷走神经刺激对跨室壁复极离散度无明显影响。     

年龄对大鼠左室心肌单相动作电位的影响

目的研究年龄对大鼠心室肌单相动作电位(monophasic action potential, MAP)影响.方法按月龄选取Wistar大鼠,分为青龄组和老龄组.体外Langendorff灌流心脏,右心室予以刺激,左心室心外膜记录单相动作电位.分别记录两组在相同刺激周长(400 ms)下动作电位,分析其复极到90%、50%及20%的时程(MAPD90、MAPD50、MAPD20),以及两组在不同刺激周长下MAP及时程. 结果在相同刺激周长下,老龄组大鼠心室肌MAP各时相均明显长于青龄组(P<0.01).刺激频率增加使大鼠心室肌MAPD缩短,老龄组大鼠动作电位时程MPAD90缩短较青龄组明显.结论年龄是影响心脏电活动的重要因素之一.     

心房肌易损性与阵发性心房颤动的发生机制

目的探讨左、右心房肌复极,及其易损性与阵发性心房颤动(AF)的发生与维持机制。方法应用单相动作电位(MAP)技术记录14只犬左、右心房肌的复极达90%动作电位时程(APD90),通过S1S2程序刺激,同时记录心房有效不应期(ERP)及相对不应期(RRP),观察反复心房激动(RAF,在S1S2的早搏刺激后,发生2个以上的连续心房活动,从心房刺激到RAF第一个激动的间期必须小于250 ms)及AF的诱发。结果14只犬S1S2间期递减至130±32 ms时,可出现RAF,随后当S1S2间期缩短为110±28 ms时AF发作。AF发作前大多数可记录到RAF(66.7%);共诱发出15阵RAF,左房11阵,右房4阵,左房RAF的发生率明显多于右房(P<0.05);共诱发出18阵AF,左房诱发出12阵,右房诱发出6阵。左房的AF诱发率明显多于右房(P<0.05)。结论AF发作前多伴有RAF发作;RAF是易发生阵发性AF的特征性表现,代表心房的易损性;左右心房易损性不同。     

Differences in the aging-associated trends of the monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period of the right and left atria of the rat.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with aging, but the aging-associated electrophysiological changes of atrial myocardium are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on the hypothesis that aging of the atrium enhances AF susceptibility, 30 Wistar rats were divided into 3 age groups: adult, middle-aged, and aged (n=20 per group). Their hearts were isolated and perfused by Langendorff apparatus. Monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD(90)) and effective refractory period (ERP) at the basic stimulation cycle length (BCL: 400 ms), and MAPD(90) at other different stimulation cycle lengths in each age group were measured. At the BCL, the MAPD (90) of the right atrial myocardium was prolonged from the adult to the aged group, that of the left atrial myocardium was prolonged from the adult to middle-aged group, and the MAPD(90) of the left atrial myocardium in the aged group were shorter than that in the adult and middle-aged groups. The ERP of the atrial myocardium showed the same age-associated trend as MAPD(90). As the stimulation frequency increased, the MAPD(90) of both the left and right atrial myocardium shortened correspondingly in the adult and middle-aged groups, but in the aged group the MAPD(90) of the right atrial myocardium shortened markedly more than that of the left atrial myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: There are different aging-associated electrophysiological changes in the right and left atrium, and the older heart is more vulnerable to developing the substrate for AF.     

慢性压力超负荷对兔左室跨壁单相动作电位的影响

研究慢性压力超负荷对兔左室跨壁单相动作电位(MAP)的影响。24只兔随机分为压力超负荷组和假手术组。压力超负荷组用开胸缩窄升主动脉的方法建立心室压力超负荷动物模型,假手术组仅行开胸术。5个月后对所有动物行在体电生理检查,在基础状态和给予短阵快速刺激后分别测量左室游离壁三层心肌MAP时程(MAPD)和有效不应期(ERP),并计算MAPD的跨壁离散度(TD)。结果:基础状态下,压力超负荷组兔左室前壁三层心肌复极90%和50%的MAPD(MAPD90、MAPD50)较假手术组明显缩短,而MAPD90250和TD没有明显变化,ERP缩短,TD90无明显变化。在左室外膜给予数次短阵快速刺激以后,压力超负荷组三层心室肌MAPD90进一步缩短,MAPD90250也明显缩短,TD明显增加,而MAPD50没有明显变化。MAPD90250的变化导致MAPD90的跨壁梯度发生重排,而假手术组MAPD90及其分布没有明显变化,两组ERP在短阵快速刺激以后无明显变化。结论:慢性心室压力超负荷引起心室肥厚和跨壁MAP分布的明显变化,可能为室性心律失常发生的基质。     

Differential effect of pharmacological autonomic blockade on some electrophysiological properties of the human ventricle and atrium.

OBJECTIVE--This study investigated the dominance of each limb of the autonomic nervous system and tested sympathetic-vagal interactions in the human ventricle and atrium after administration of propranolol and atropine. PATIENTS AND METHODS--The 90% monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90) and the effective refractory period (ERP) at the right ventricular apex (RV) and the right lateral atrium (RA) were measured in 14 patients. The MAPD90 was measured during constant RV and RA pacing (cycle length 600 ms) and the ERP was measured at a driven cycle length of 600 ms. Electrophysiological variables were measured during a control period, after propranolol (0.15 mg/kg loading dose followed by 0.1 mg/min infusion), and after autonomic blockade (atropine 0.04 mg/kg). RESULTS--Both RV MAPD90 and RV ERP increased after propranolol (RV MAPD90 from 268 (26) ms to 275 (26) ms, p < 0.005; RV ERP from 252 (25) ms to 258 (26) ms, p < 0.0005) and then decreased to below the control values after autonomic blockade (RV MAPD90 256 (24) ms; RV ERP 239 (25) ms, p < 0.0005 v propranolol, p < 0.0005 v control). In contrast, both RA MAPD90 and RA ERP increased after propranolol (RA MAPD90 from 242 (19) ms to 260 (19) ms; RA ERP from 216 (21) ms to 230 (18) ms, p < 0.0005), and then increased slightly more after autonomic blockade (RA MAPD90 265 (16) ms, p = 0.09; RA ERP 235 (16) ms, p = 0.07), thus remaining above control values (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS--The results indicate (a) that in the human ventricle vagal stimulation and sympathetic beta stimulation are antagonistic and that direct vagal stimulation predominates over beta stimulation, with sympathetic-vagal interaction being minimal and (b) that in the human atrium vagal stimulation and beta stimulation are synergistic and beta stimulation predominates over vagal stimulation, with direct vagal stimulation having a minimal effect.     

Effects of aprindine on monophasic action potentials

Using a catheter electrode developed by the authors for recording monophasic action potentials (MAPs), the atrial and ventricular MAPs of seven mongrel dogs were simultaneously recorded. The results were used to evaluate the effect of the new antiarrhythmic drug aprindine on MAPs. An electrophysiologic study was also carried out to evaluate the effect of aprindine on the conduction system. Aprindine caused a significant increase in both the AH interval (at a basic cycle length of 400 ms) and the HV interval (at basic cycle lengths of 400 and 500 ms). The effective refractory period increased in both the right atrium and the right ventricle. Although an increase in MAP duration at repolarizations to 90% MAP (MAPD90) was not observed in the right atrium, a significant increase was noted in MAPD90 in the right ventricle. There were no significant changes in the ratio between the effective refractory period and MAPD90 of the right ventricle before and after administration of aprindine. This result suggests that increases in MAPD90 contribute to an increase in the effective refractory period of the right ventricle.     

Atrial effects of the novel K(+)-channel-blocker AVE0118 in anesthetized pigs

OBJECTIVES: AVE0118 is a novel blocker of the K(+) channels K(v)1.5 and K(v)4.3 which are the molecular basis for the human cardiac ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I(Kur)) and the transient outward current (I(to)). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of AVE0118 on atrial refractoriness (ERP), left atrial vulnerability (LAV) and on left atrial monophasic action potentials (MAP) in pentobarbital anesthetized pigs in comparison to the selective I(Kr) blocker dofetilide in order to assess the therapeutic potential of the novel K(+) channel blocker for atrial fibrillation. METHODS: Atrial ERP was determined with the S1-S2-stimulus method in the free walls of left and right atrium at 240, 300 and 400 ms basic cycle length (BCL). The inducibility of mostly nonsustained atrial tachyarrhythmias by the premature S2 extrastimulus, which is very high in the left pig atrium and referred to as LAV, was evaluated before and after drugs. Left atrial epicardial MAP was recorded to study the influence of the potassium channel blockers on the time course of repolarization. Left ventricular epicardial MAP, ERP and QT interval were measured to investigate a possible effect of AVE0118 on ventricular repolarization. RESULTS: ERPs determined at 240, 300 and 400 ms BCL were significantly shorter in the left vs. right atrium (99+/-3, 106+/-4 and 113+/-3 ms vs. 133+/-4 ms, 142+/-4 and 149+/-5, respectively; p<0.001; n=21). AVE0118 administered i.v. dose-dependently prolonged the atrial ERP independent from rate and inhibited LAV (100% at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) while having no effect at all on the corrected QT (QTc) interval. At 1 mg/kg (n=5) AVE0118 prolonged left vs. right atrial ERP by 49.6+/-4.1 ms vs. 37.7+/-9.7 ms (means+/-SEM of changes at 240, 300, and 400 ms BCL), respectively, corresponding to a relative increase of 53.2+/-6.2% vs. 27.6+/-6.8% (p<0.05 for percent increase of left vs. right atrial ERP). In a separate group of pigs (n=5) AVE0118 had no effect on left ventricular ERP at 333, 400 and 500 ms BCL and no effect on MAP duration and QT at 600 ms BCL. After 1 mg/kg of AVE0118 the atrial MAP was significantly prolonged already at 10% repolarization (P<0.05; n=7) reaching the maximum at 40% repolarization. In contrast to AVE0118 the effect of dofetilide (10 microg/kg) on atrial MAP started to become significant only at 60% repolarization (n=6) with a maximum increase at 90%. Dofetilide, which prolonged the QTc interval by 16.9% (P<0.001), had a significantly stronger effect on right (34.7+/-5 ms) vs. left atrial ERP (23.5+/-7 ms) at 300 ms BCL, respectively, but did not significantly inhibit LAV (14%; n=6). CONCLUSION: The novel K(+) channel blocker AVE0118 prolonged atrial ERP and showed strong atrial antiarrhythmic efficacy with no apparent effect on ventricular repolarization in pigs in vivo.     

Monophasic action potential duration at the crista terminalis in patients with sinus node disease.

BACKGROUND: The repolarization properties of the crista terminalis (CT) cells have not been elucidated in patients with sinus node disease (SND). In the present study a new technique of recording the monophasic action potential (MAP) at the CT was used to examine the repolarization of the right atrium (RA) in SND patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Symptomatic SND (n=13) patients and age-, sex-matched control patients (n=13) were tested. The MAP duration (MAPD) at a basic cycle length of 600 ms was recorded at the CT in the superior vena cava - RA junction and at the middle - anterior RA with the effective refractory period (ERP) at the high RA. In 6 controls and 4 SND patients, the effect of adenosine triphosphate on the MAPD was examined. The MAPD at the CT exceeded that at the middle - anterior RA in both groups. The MAPD at the CT in the SND group was significantly prolonged compared with the control group (CT: 358+/-39 ms vs 289+/-43 ms). Between the SND and control groups, the MAPD at the middle - anterior RA (278+/-36 ms vs 265+/-39 ms) and ERP (294+/-42 ms vs 266+/-41 ms) did not differ. Both the corrected-sinus node recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time were better correlated with the MAPD at the CT than the MAPD at the middle - anterior RA and ERP. Adenosine triphosphate shortened the MAPD, which was augmented at the CT in the SND patients. CONCLUSION: A novel method of estimating the MAP at the CT revealed the characteristics of atrial repolarization in SND patients.     

Monophasic action potentials of the right atrium in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

To investigate the mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF), monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the atrial myocardium were studied in 7 patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and in 7 control individuals. The MAPs were recorded using a contact catheter during sinus rhythm and continuous pacing at the high right atrium (HRA) with pacing cycle lengths of 600, 500 and 400 ms. MAPs were obtained from 6 sites in each participant. The MAPD90 was measured from onset to 90% of MAP repolarization. Average, maximal and minimal MAPD90 (avMAPD90, maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90) were obtained from all participants. The dispersion of MAPD90 (dispMAPD90) was defined as the difference between maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90. The width of each atrial potential (WAP) and the wavelength index (WLI=MAPD90/WAP) were determined. Average, maximal and minimal WLI (avWLI, maxWLI and minWLI) were obtained from all participants. The avMAPD90 and maxMAPD90 did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The minMAPD90 in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at HRA pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (210+/-18ms vs 245+/-14 ms, p<0.05; 207+/-23 ms vs 238+/-20 ms, p<0.05; respectively). The dispMAPD90 was significantly longer in the PAF group than in the control group during sinus and HRA pacing. The WAP value did not differ between the 2 groups. The minWLI in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at HRA pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (3.3+/-0.5 vs 3.8+/-0.3, p<0.05; 3.2+/-0.4 vs 3.7+/-0.3, p<0.02). A shortened and widened dispersion of atrial refractoriness may play an important role in the genesis of AF. Furthermore, smaller wavelengths may form in the atrium of patients with PAF.     

粉防己碱对家犬在体心脏单相动作电位的影响

目的:研究粉防己碱(Tet)对家犬在体心室肌单相动作电位(MAP)和有效不应期(ERP)的影响,探讨其抗心律失常的可能机制。方法:家犬14只,随机分为Tet组和维拉帕米(Ver)组,记录右室心内膜MAP及心电图Ⅱ导联,比较不同剂量的Tet和Ver对MAP振幅(MAPA)、复极化达50％和90％一点到MAP上升支的水平距离(MAPD50、MAPD90)、ERP及ERP/MAPD90。结果:Tet引起窦性心率减慢,随剂量增加(3～12 mg/kg)ERP延长、ERP/MAPD90增大,但对MAPA、MAPD50、MAPD90无明显影响;而Ver除延长ERP,增大ERP/MAPD90,还缩短MAPD50、MAPD90。结论:Tet对MAP的影响可能除钙拮抗作用外,还有别的离子基础;延长ERP、增大ERP/MAPD90可能是其抗心律失常的机制。