胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（IPMN）是由胰腺导管内产生黏液的上皮细胞呈乳头状增殖形成的肿瘤。与经典的胰腺癌相比,IPMN具有低度恶性、生长缓慢、少有侵犯周围组织、淋巴结转移率和再发率低的特点。IPMN根据肿瘤累及的部位可分为主胰管型、分支胰管型和混合型,病理组织特征涵盖从单纯腺瘤到浸润癌等多个亚型,临床表现多样,多种影像学检查手段可显示弥漫性或节段性扩张的主胰管和囊状扩张的分支胰管,ERCP经扩大的乳头获取黏液和胰液,取胰腺导管内皮组织和壁结节供活检均有助于诊断。IPMN确诊后应积极手术,手术切除率高,术后5年生存率高于一般的胰腺癌。本文就其临床表现、分类、病理特征、影像学诊断和治疗等方面做一综述。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN）是胰管内来源的肿瘤,由日本Ohhashi等于1982年首先报道,随后陆续有一些文献出现,但命名上未统一,较常用的有导管内乳头状肿瘤、导管高分泌黏液肿瘤、导管产黏液肿瘤、导管扩展型黏液性囊腺瘤等。1996年WHO将胰腺囊性产粘蛋白肿瘤分为两类：胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（intraductal papillary mucinous tumor,IPMT）和黏液性囊腺瘤（mucinous cystic tumor）。2000年,WHO将IPMT修正为IPMN。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤的研究进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMNs)为来源于胰腺导管上皮的分化程度多样的胰腺肿瘤,位于主胰管或其分支内,可分泌黏液,为胰腺癌的癌前病变.区分IPMNs的良恶性对制定治疗方案,预估患者预后意义重大.随影像学和内镜的发展,IPMNs发现率逐年提...     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的研究进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）是指起源于主胰管或分支胰管内上皮细胞,形成大体可见的乳头状（偶见扁平状）、产黏液的,并伴有不同程度胰管扩张的一类肿瘤,是最常见的胰腺囊性肿瘤.1982年由Ohashi等首先报道,并命名为产黏液胰腺癌;IPMN曾被称为绒毛状腺瘤、乳头状肿瘤、乳头状癌、胰腺黏液导管扩张症及胰腺产黏液性肿瘤等[1].2000年,WHO将胰腺产黏液性肿瘤分成IPMN及黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）.根据细胞及组织异型程度,IPMN又被分成非浸润性IPMN（包括低级别、中等级别及高级别异型增生）和浸润性IPMN;根据累及胰管的范围,IPMN又被分为主胰管型（20％）、分支胰管型（40％）及混合型（40％）[2].     

内镜诊治胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的应用

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤(IPMN)的诊断、内镜下治疗,以提高对该疾病的认识及内镜对其诊断及治疗的意义。方法回顾性分析经内镜诊治的IPMN患者12例,总结并分析他们的一般情况、临床症状、影像学检查、实验室检查、内镜下治疗等方面资料。结果 12例IPMN患者以老年男性为主,无特异性临床表现,主要发生部位为胰头或钩突部,CT主要表现为囊实性低密度影,其内可有壁结节,胰管扩张伴或不伴胆管扩张,2例侵及胰腺实质。磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)主要表现为胰管扩张,胰腺萎缩,胰头部圆形高信号影。内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)显示十二指肠乳头膨大,开口扩张,可见胶冻样粘液流出,胰管造影显示胰管全程扩张或胰头部囊状扩张,3例伴胆总管、肝内胆管扩张。9例行ERCP治疗,清除粘液栓并置入胰管支架,3例同时置入胆管支架。结论 IPMN是一种特殊类型的胰腺囊性疾病,影像学检查有其独特的表现,ERCP对其诊断及治疗有重要意义。     

内镜下诊治胰腺分裂症合并胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤伴发胰腺炎一例（含视频）

本文报道了1例胰腺分裂症(PD)合并胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤(IPMN)伴发胰腺炎病例,采用经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术联合胰管腔内超声检查术进行诊断和治疗,并对PD的造影图像特征和IPMN的超声图像特征进行了总结和讨论。     

胰管内乳头状黏液瘤的临床研究

目的 通过探讨胰管内乳头状黏液瘤（IPMT）的临床、逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）表现及病理特征,提高对IPMT的认识。方法 对9例IPMT患者的临床、影像学表现及病理资料作回顾性分析。结果 9例中男女之比为2：1,年龄为37-76岁,平均68.4岁。上腹痛为最常见症状。肿瘤主要位于胰头部。ERCP可见十二指肠乳头肿大开口扩大,见大量黏液流出及主胰管扩张。病理表现多样性,可表现为腺瘤和腺癌。结论 IMPT是胰腺肿瘤的一种,其预后较一般的胰腺癌好,临床上应将其与其他胰腺肿瘤加以区别。     

胰管内乳头状黏液瘤切除术后复发的研究

目前对于如何处理胰管内乳头状黏液瘤切除术(IPMN)后的患者,浸润性IPMN治疗性手术后是否需要随访,以及IPMN手术切除的范围等尚无一致的意见。本研究的目的是明确IPMN术后的复发及长期生存情况,同时了解     

胰腺囊性病变

随着影像学技术的进步及人群健康查体意识的提高,无症状的胰腺囊性病变患者逐渐增多.胰腺囊性病变主要包括浆液性囊腺瘤(SCA)、黏液性囊腺瘤(MCA)、胰腺假性囊肿、潴留囊肿、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)、囊腺癌等.其中黏液性囊腺瘤和IPMN均被视为癌前病变.     

胰腺肿瘤的诊断及治疗：胰腺囊性病变

随着影像学技术的进步及人群健康查体意识的提高，无症状的胰腺囊性病变患者逐渐增多。胰腺囊性病变主要包括浆液性囊腺瘤（SCA）、黏液性囊腺瘤（MCA）、胰腺假性囊肿、潴留囊肿、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）、囊腺癌等。其中黏液性囊腺瘤和IPMN均被视为癌前病变。胰腺囊性病变患者绝大多数无临床症状，仅20％左右表现为上腹部隐痛、腹胀、消化道症状等，缺乏特异性；体格检查也多无阳性体征。是囊肿的某些特征和恶性肿瘤之间有相关性，这些特征包括存在实性占位性病变、囊肿增大和出现症状。     

胰腺囊性病变的临床特征和诊治分析

背景:随着影像学技术的进步,胰腺囊性病变的检出率逐年升高,但鉴别不同类型的胰腺囊性病变仍是临床的棘手问题。目的:分析胰腺囊性病变的临床特征和诊治方法。方法:纳入2003年1月~2013年1月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院收治的胰腺囊性病变患者,对入组患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征以及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果:共49例患者纳入研究,其中假性囊肿13例、潴留囊肿4例、先天性囊肿2例、浆液性囊性肿瘤(SCN)9例、黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCN)11例、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)7例、实性-假乳头状肿瘤(SPN)3例。49例患者中16例患者无症状,其余33例患者表现为腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、发热等。13例胰腺假性囊肿患者均有急、慢性胰腺炎或外伤病史,3例IPMN患者血清CA19-9升高。B超、CT、MRI/MRCP、EUS诊断胰腺囊性病变的准确率分别为24.5%、32.7%、61.1%、100%。49例患者均接受手术治疗,分别行内引流术、囊肿切除术、胰十二指肠切除术、胰体(尾)切除术以及节段性胰腺切除术。结论:胰腺囊性病变无特异性临床表现。CT、MRI/MRCP作为无创检查手段,应广泛用于囊性病变的诊断和评估,EUS可作为进一步检查手段。选择合理的手术方案是治疗胰腺囊性病变的关键。     

Epidemiology,clinical features and diagnostic work-up of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: Interim analysis of the prospective PANCY survey

IntroductionA prospective survey to evaluate the diagnostic workup of cystic pancreatic neoplasms (CPNs) according to the Italian guidelines.MethodsAn online data sheet was built.ResultsFifteen of the 1385 patients (1.1%) had non cystic neoplastic lesions. Forty percent (518/1295) had at least one 1st degree relative affected by a solid tumor of the digestive and extra-digestive organs. Symptoms/signs associated with the cystic lesion were present in 24.5% of the patients. The cysts were localized in the head of the pancreas in 38.5% of patients. Of the 2370 examinations (1.7 examinations per patient) which were carried out for the diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging was performed as a single test in 48.4% of patients and in combination with endoscopic ultrasound in 27% of the cases. Of the 1370 patients having CPNs, 89.9% had an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) (70.1% a branch duct IPMN, 6.2% a mixed type IPMN and 4.6% a main duct IPMN), 12.7% had a serous cystadenoma, 2.8% a mucinous cystadenoma, 1.5% a non-functioning cystic neuroendocrine neoplasm, 0.7% a solid-pseudopapillary cystic neoplasm, 0.3% a cystic adenocarcinoma, and 1.2% an undetermined cystic neoplasm. Seventy-eight (5.7%) patients were operated upon after the initial work-up.ConclusionsThis prospective study offers a reliable real-life picture of the diagnostic work-up CPN.     

Prevalence,Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: Current Status and Future Directions

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are found with increasing prevalence, especially in elderly asymptomatic individuals. Although the overall risk of malignancy is very low, the presence of these pancreatic cysts is associated with a large degree of anxiety and further medical investigation due to concerns about malignancy. This review discusses the different cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and reports diagnostic strategies based on clinical features and imaging data. Surgical and nonsurgical management of the most common cystic neoplasms, based on the recently revised Sendai guidelines, is also discussed, with special reference to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN; particularly the branch duct variant), which is the lesion most frequently identified incidentally. IPMN pathology, its risk for development into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the pros and cons of current guidelines for management, and the potential role of endoscopic ultrasound in determining cancer risk are discussed. Finally, surgical treatment, strategies for surveillance of pancreatic cysts, and possible future directions are discussed.     

A case of minimal invasive carcinoma from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas]

A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital for epigastralgia. He was found to have elevation of serum amylase and CA19-9. Ultrasonography, abdominal CT, MRCP, ERCP and EUS showed the cystic lesion and a possibility of an other tumor. There was a stenosis of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) at the pancreas head and dilatation of the MPD from the body to the tail. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the branch pancreatic duct was diagnosed, and there was a likelihood of ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. We therefore performed pancreatoduodenectomy. Pathological finding showed invasive carcinoma from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas.     

Resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in recurrent acute pancreatitis prevents recurrent pancreatitis but does not identify more malignancies

BACKGROUNDRecurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) may be a presenting feature of and an indication for resection of pancreatic cysts, including intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Few data are available regarding the prevalence of malignancy and post-operative RAP in this population.AIMTo study the role of resection to help prevent RAP and analyze if presentation as RAP would be a predictor for malignancy.METHODSThis retrospective study assessed 172 patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms at a university hospital between 2002 and 2016. The prevalence of preoperative high-risk cyst features, and of neoplasia was compared between patients with and without RAP. To identify the cause of pancreatitis, all the patients had a detailed history of alcohol, smoking, medications obtained, and had cross-sectional imaging (contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) and endoscopic ultrasound to look for gallstone etiology and other structural causes for pancreatitis. The incidence of RAP post-resection was the primary outcome.RESULTSIPMN accounted for 101 cases (58.7%) {[branch duct (BD) 59 (34.3%), main duct (MD) 42] (24.4%)}. Twenty-nine (16.9%) presented with RAP (mean 2.2 episodes): 15 had BD-IPMN, 8 MD-IPMN, 5 mucinous cystic neoplasm and 1 serous cystic neoplasm. Malignancy was similar among those with vs without RAP for all patients [6/29 (20.7%) vs 24/143 (16.8%)] and IPMN patients [6/23 (26.1%) vs 23/78 (29.5%)], although tended to be higher with RAP in BD-IPMN, [5/15 (33.3%) vs 3/44 (6.8%), P = 0.04]. At mean follow-up of 7.2 years, 1 (3.4%) RAP patient had post-resection RAP. The mean episodes of acute pancreatitis before vs after surgery were 3.4 vs 0.02 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONMalignancy was not increased in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms who have RAP compared to those without RAP. In addition, specific cyst charac-teristics were not clearly associated with RAP. The incidence of RAP was markedly decreased in almost all patients following cyst resection.     

Decreased CT-number in the pancreatic parenchyma is a reliable imaging biomarker of the presence of malignancies in patients with high-risk intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm

BackgroundIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a premalignant cystic neoplasm of the pancreas and is frequently detected in imaging investigations. A proportion of the patients with IPMN develop malignancies including high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. To predict the presence of malignancies in IPMN, constant imaging follow-up is usually required. Pancreatic steatosis (PS) has been recently identified as a facilitating factor for pancreatic cancer, and can be predicted through computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that the CT-number of the pancreatic parenchyma could be a new reliable imaging biomarker for IPMN patients.MethodsEighty-six patients undergoing pancreatectomy for IPMN were investigated. Using preoperative CT, the pancreatic index (PI) was calculated by dividing the CT-number of the pancreas by that of the spleen.ResultsMalignancies were pathologically detected in 63 cases (73.3%). Patients were divided into two cohorts according to the presence of malignancies and were compared for various factors including the PI scores. The comparison of the two cohorts detected significant differences in two parameters (CA19-9 and PI score), and the PI score was the most sensitive biomarker to predict the presence of malignancies in patients showing high-risk stigmata of IPMN.ConclusionsPancreatic CT-number is an additional reliable imaging biomarker in distinguishing patients with IPMN having malignancies when investigating the patients showing high-risk stigmata.     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and other pancreatic cystic lesions

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are being increasingly recognized, even in the absence of symptoms, in large part, due to markedly improved imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography (MRCP) and computer tomography (CT) scanning. During the past 2 decades, better imaging of these cystic lesions has resulted in definition of different types, including pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). While IPMN represent only a distinct minority of all pancreatic cancers, they appear to be a relatively frequent neoplastic form of pancreatic cystic neoplasm. Moreover, IPMN have a much better outcome and prognosis compared to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Therefore, recognition of this entity is exceedingly important for the clinician involved in diagnosis and further evaluation of a potentially curable form of pancreatic cancer.     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and other pancreatic cystic lesions

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are being increasingly recognized, even in the absence of symptoms, in large part, due to markedly improved imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）/magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography （MRCP） and computer tomography （CT） scanning. During the past 2 decades, better imaging of these cystic lesions has resulted in definition of different types, including pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms （IPMN）. While IPMN represent only a distinct minority of all pancreatic cancers, they appear to be a relatively frequent neoplastic form of pancreatic cystic neoplasm. Moreover, IPMN have a much better outcome and prognosis compared to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Therefore, recognition of this entity is exceedingly important for the clinician involved in diagnosis and further evaluation of a potentially curable form of pancreatic cancer.     

Estrategia ante una neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal de páncreas

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a premalignant pancreatic entity characterized by papillary growth of the ductal epithelium with rich mucin production and cystic dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and/or its branches. These neoplasms are often multifocal.