抗Thy1.1抗体诱导的肾炎模型及其在中药研究中的应用

抗Thy1.1单克隆抗体诱导的抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型广泛应用于人类系膜增殖性肾炎的研究领域。该模型的病理特征包括补体依赖性系膜溶解、肾小球内炎症细胞浸润、显著的蛋白尿,以及急性或进展性系膜损伤。文章综述了经静脉注射单克隆抗体1-22-3诱导的可逆性抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型和不可逆性抗Thy1.1抗体肾炎模型的病理特征；阐述了肾小球内炎症细胞浸润和各种损伤性细胞因子的变化规律；分析了包括系膜细胞增殖和细胞外基质沉积在内的复杂的系膜损伤病变过程。运用该模型,可以说明雷公藤多苷、柴苓汤等中药对系膜损伤和蛋白尿的药理作用,并且,在分子水平阐明这些药物对各种损伤因子的作用机制。     

柴苓汤在日本的临床应用

柴苓汤出自《丹溪心法》,由柴胡、黄芩、半夏等药组成,是小柴胡汤和五苓散的合方,具有解表和里,利水渗湿的功效。现代药理实验证明其有抗炎、利水、增强免疫功能、抗变态反应、清除活性氧自由基等作用,临床应用范围进一步扩大,本文将其在日本的临床应用作一综述。 1.肾病综合症和慢性肾炎:自用类固醇和柴苓汤并用治疗肾病综合症有效以来,在日本临床上对类固醇治疗中的肾病综合症患者,首选的汉方方剂就是柴苓汤。实验表明,柴苓汤对氨基核苷诱导     

针药并用治疗小儿腹痛型癫痫40例临床观察

温脾汤和四逆散加减配合针灸治疗小儿腹痛型癫痫40例。针灸取穴足三里、内关、神门、天根，辨虚实采用补泻手法。用药温脾汤和四逆汤加成治以调和肝脾，理气和胃，温中补虚。临床治疗总有效率92．5％。     

日本研究柴苓汤的近况

柴苓汤是小柴胡汤和五苓散的合剂,常用于肾炎及肾病综合征,对肾炎可以改善尿的异常,对肾病综合征易摆脱激素的依赖性,也可防止复发。其药理作用,一般认为,可增强类固醇作用,抑制补体活性,诱导干扰素等抗炎、抗变态反应,可改善微循环、脂质代谢、抑制血小板凝集,促进蛋白质合成,也有显著消肿作用。近年来,日本对该方研究较多,临床应用范围也逐渐扩大。观据手头掌握的资料,作一综述。 1临床应用 1.1 IgA肾病村尾正治等用柴苓汤(5g/d)治疗一例诊断为IgA肾病,具有半月体形成的局灶性肾小球肾炎的儿童患者。该患儿先后以潘生丁,Tranplast及强的松龙治疗,疗效不显著。后用柴苓汤治疗二个多月,基本痊愈。赖冈德用柴苓汤治疗IgA肾病患者28例。柴苓汤     

柴苓汤治疗类风湿性关节炎

柴苓汤是小柴胡汤和五苓散的合方 ,临床广泛用于多种疾病的治疗 ,包括肾脏疾病 ,肝硬化腹水 ,糖尿病性肾病 ,溃疡性结肠炎。药理作用研究表明 :①该方具有类胆固醇样抗炎作用。处方中甘草、人参具有促进内源性皮质酮分泌和增强类固醇的作用 ,柴胡皂甙可增强类固醇对细胞的作用 ,并延长作用时间。②阻断机体内花生四烯酸的代谢过程 ,处方中的生姜具有很强的阻断前列腺素合成的作用。③对免疫功能抑制作用。④具有清除活性氧的作用。基于对柴苓汤药理作用的深入了解 ,一些研究人员开始试用柴苓汤治疗类风湿性关节炎 ,并取得了较为满意的治疗效…     

温下法和温涩法对UC大鼠结肠EGF含量的影响比较

目的:观察温下法和温涩法对UC大鼠结肠EGF含量的影响.方法:建立TNBS/乙醇大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型后分别灌喂温脾汤和真人养脏汤进行实验性治疗,然后于1周、2周、4周三个时间点测定结肠EGF含量变化.结果:温脾汤组结肠EGF在UC整个病种中呈上升趋势,而真人养脏汤组始终保持较低水平,甚至在UC早期低于正常水平.结论:温脾汤能更好地促进EGF含量的增加,即温下法比温涩法能更好地通过肠黏膜保护作用机制,减轻UC黏膜的损伤和炎症.     

近年来日本对柴苓汤的药理研究与临床应用

综述了近年日本对柴苓汤的药理研究，认为柴苓汤对肾病的作用机理为抗炎作用、免疫调节作用、代谢调节作用、抗凝促纤溶作用、抑制活性氧产生作用等。并且概述了该方在治疗肾脏疾病、肝脏疾病、渗出性中耳炎、带状疱疹、结缔组织疾病等方面的应用及临床疗效。     

汉方药用于糖尿病肾病模型的研究

以大鼠糖尿病肾病模型研究了温脾汤、八味地黄丸、桂枝茯苓丸和柴苓汤4种汉方方剂的治疗作用。 材料与方法:①制备药物:温脾汤所含生药在1000mL水中煎煮65min后将药液浓缩,得到30％的提取物。其余方药使用津村公司的产品。②雄性Wistar大鼠通过次全肾切除术和注射链佐星制作糖尿病肾病模型,将模型大鼠分为5组(模型对照组     

日本对柴苓汤的研究进展

柴苓汤即小柴胡汤与五苓散的合方,近年来日本学者对柴苓汤进行了广泛研究,发现柴苓汤有镇静、镇痛、解痉、利尿、抗过敏、抗炎、类固醇增强、免疫功能增强等作用。广泛适用于内科、妇科、皮肤科等许多疾病。本文就日本对柴苓汤的研究现状综述如下。     

慢性肾脏疾病炎症机制及中医治疗

不论是慢性肾脏疾病(CKD),抑或是在CKD基础上的急性肾损伤(AKI),都与炎症有着密不可分的联系。分析其炎症机制与各种相关的炎性因子,早期控制CKD炎症的进展对改善CKD患者预后具有重要的临床意义。针对疾病的炎症,从中医药对其的认识和辨证论治法则进行分析探讨,以求有效抑制炎症发展、延缓肾小球纤维化。     

Antenatal Saireito (TJ‐114) Can Improve Pulmonary Hypoplasia and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Nitrofen‐Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can induce lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension and is associated with high mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of antenatal Saireito (TJ‐114), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, in a rat CDH model. Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to an herbicide (nitrofen, 100 mg) on embryonic day 9 (E9) to induce CDH, and antenatal Saireito (2000 mg/kg/day) was orally administered from E10 to E20. On E21, fetuses were delivered. Antenatal Saireito significantly decreased the incidence of CDH (p < 0.01), increased lung volume (p < 0.01), improved alveolarization and pulmonary artery remodeling using histological analysis, and improved respiratory function using gasometric analysis (pH; p < 0.05, and PCO₂; p < 0.01). In addition, antenatal Saireito significantly decreased endothelin‐1 and endothelin receptor A expression in the pulmonary arteries. Taken together, our results demonstrated that antenatal Saireito can improve fetal pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary vascular remodeling and, as a result, can improve respiratory function in a rat CDH model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中药延缓慢性肾脏病进展的机制

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)进展的病理基础包括肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化和肾动脉硬化,这些病理改变与足细胞及其相关膜蛋白结构或表达异常、尿蛋白肾毒性、肾素.血管紧张素-醛固酮系统活性增强、致纤维化细胞因子过度表达、肾小管上皮细胞表型转化,以及高脂血症、高血压等因素有关.中药可以改善影响肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化和肾动脉硬化的增恶因素,从而,延缓CKD进展.     

Inhibition of nifedipine-induced proliferation of cultured human gingival fibroblasts by Saiko, a Chinese herbal medicine

Saiko is predominantly contained in Saireito, a Chinese herbal medicine. The present study was conducted to determine whether or not Saiko is involved in the inhibition by Saireito of nifedipine-induced proliferation and collagen synthesis in gingival fibroblasts. Nifedipine (10 microM) significantly enhanced the proliferation starting on day 5 of the culture period. When added together with nifedipine, Saiko at concentrations of 0.05%-0.2% (w/v) dose-dependently inhibited the nifedipine-induced proliferation, and at the highest concentration tested (0.2%), Saiko inhibited the nifedipine-induced proliferation by about 40%. Moreover, Saiko (0.2%) also inhibited the normal proliferation at days 11 and 14. Sole application of nifedipine (10 microM) augmented the release of bFGF, and Saiko concentration-dependently reduced the level of bFGF in the nifedipine-containing culture medium. Nifedipine (10 microM) increased the production of type I collagen to almost twice that of the control (normal medium), and Saiko at concentrations above 0.1% significantly reduced the nifedipineinduced production of collagen. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that Saiko inhibited the nifedipine-induced proliferation of gingival fibroblasts by reducing the release of bFGF and that Saiko is involved in the Saireito-induced inhibition of nifedipine-stimulated proliferation and collagen synthesis in gingival fibroblasts.     

中药延缓慢性肾功能衰竭进展的机制和效果

中药延缓慢性肾功能衰竭(chronic renal failure,CRF)进展的机制主要是指中药改善肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化的作用,譬如,通过影响肾小球血流动力,减轻足细胞损伤,抑制转化生长因子-β表达,调整脂质代谢紊乱来改善肾小球硬化;通过减轻巨噬细胞浸润,抑制肾小管上皮细胞转分化,降低尿蛋白毒性来改善肾间质纤维化等.中药延缓CRF进展的临床效果主要体现在改善肾功能和某些并发症等方面,其治疗方法包括中药复方口服、中药保留灌肠、中药复方口服联合中药保留灌肠以及结肠透析联合中药保留灌肠等.另外,对于晚期CRF患者所出现的钙/磷代谢失衡、微炎症状态以及尿毒症毒素蓄积,中药也有一定的改善作用.     

Traditionelle Japanische Medizin (TJM)- geschichtlicher Abriss

Traditional Japanese medicine exists since the fifth century AD. Although based upon Traditional Chinese Medicine and building on its classical literature, Japanese medicine soon developed an independent way by being open for influences from other, especially western, medical systems. Like TCM, there are three keystones in Traditional Japanese medicine: acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage or physical therapy. Japanese acupuncture is different from the Chinese variety in needle techniques and methods of diagnosis. Acupuncture commonly is very soft, a tube (kudabari) is used sometimes. The correct choice of acupuncture points is found via abdominal diagnosis.     

结合肠肾轴理论探讨中医药从结肠治疗慢性肾脏病的研究思路

慢性肾脏病（CKD）正日益成为全球性的社会问题,延缓CKD 的进展具有重要经济和社会意义。近年研究发现,结肠是产生尿毒症毒素的重要器官之一,肠源性尿毒素与CKD 的预后密切相关,因此国外学者提出了延缓CKD 进展的肠-肾轴理论（The Theory of Gut-kidney Axis）,成为研究的热点。中药结肠给药治疗CKD 在临床广泛应用,大量的临床报道提示其可延缓肾衰进展,但临床研究质量偏低,限制了其进一步推广应用。本研究在广东省中医院肾病科学术带头人——黄春林教授应用通腑泄浊法治疗CKD 思路的指导下,结合最新肠肾轴理论,开展了一系列探索性研究,并提出了进一步临床和实验研究的思路,为日后开展高质量的临床研究,获得高级别的临床证据提供数据和方法学基础。     

慢性肾病药物研发进展

慢性肾病(chronickidneydisease,CKD)逐渐成为严重的医疗问题和社会性问题,不仅因为终末期肾病对患者带来的严重健康危害,同时高昂的医疗费用也为社会带来巨大的经济负担。虽然临床上有部分CKD及其并发症(贫血、高磷血、甲旁亢等)的治疗药物,但整体上对CKD进展的控制仍不尽人意。中医对于CKD的辨证论治方面有独特完备的理论,在临床实践中多种经方和验方展现出了优良的疗效。对临床使用的CKD治疗药物和在临床试验阶段的药物,以及中医药对CKD的研究进展进行系统总结,并对新机制药物及细胞治疗与基因治疗等新靶点、新技术进行梳理,以及中医药治疗CKD的前景进行展望,以期为CKD药物的研发及产业化提供支持。     

中医药治疗慢性肾脏病3~4期临床研究进展

随着世界人口老龄化和人们生活方式的改变,慢性肾脏病患病率逐年增高,目前已成为全球范围内的公共健康问题。研究发现,我国传统中医药在改善慢性肾脏病3~4期患者临床症状、提高肾小球滤过率、保护残余肾功能、延缓疾病进展等方面取得较好的疗效。现对近年来中医药对慢性肾脏病3~4期病因病机及治疗方面的研究进行综述。     

肠道菌群对结直肠癌发生发展的作用及中药干预的影响

结直肠癌（Colorectal Cancer,CRC）是常见的恶性肿瘤之一。越来越多的研究结果显示肠道菌群对结直肠癌的发生发展起着重要的作用,而中药对治理肠道菌群的紊乱有一定的调节作用。本文介绍了结直肠癌的肠道菌群变化,并从影响肠道黏膜屏障损伤、炎症以及细菌酶和毒性代谢产物等方面的机制,概括了肠道菌群紊乱对结直肠癌发生发展的影响,以及中药对肠道菌群的调节作用,为进一步研究结直肠癌和临床预防提供参考。     

Herbal Medicines for Acute Kidney Injury: Evidence, Gapsand Frontiers

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health threat worldwide. The literature on herbal intervention in AKI was searched from English and Chinese databases and reports were critically analyzed in terms of preventing AKI, promoting repair and regeneration, enhancing extrarenal clearance of uremic toxins, and preventing progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Altogether, 16 herbal formulae and a few extracts derived from individual herbs were reported to prevent or mitigate AKI in animal models induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion, cisplastin, gentamicin, glycerol, adenine, sepsis or physical exhaustion. Four formulae and six individual herbs were reported to accelerate recovery and/ or to prevent CKD in established AKI animal models. Intrarectal herbal medicines, with or without simultaneous oral administration, were reported in six clinical trials and in an animal model to increase extrarenal clearance of uremic toxins. Additional 13 clinical trials reported oral or intravenous herbal interventions in AKI of different etiologies. Despite recurring problems, notably poor compliance with good practice guidelines for clinical trials and for authentication, naming and quality control of herbal materials, accumulating experimental data on the preventive effects of herbal medicines in AKI look encouraging and urge for better, definitive trials to guide clinical practice. Herbal enemas promoting extrarenal clearance of uremic toxins seem cost-effective, but better clinical evidence is certainly needed before any affirmative recommendation be made for AKI patients without access to dialysis. New frontiers, however, lie in those herbal remedies that promote repair/ regeneration and prevent chronicity after AKI. Recent experimental data suggest that this may be possible.