在中国南方出现的引起肺炎的新型重组人腺病毒HAdV-C104的基因特征研究

根据生物学特性和血清中和试验, 人腺病毒(human adenovirus, HAdV)可被划分为7个亚属(A～G)和52个血清型;随后依据全基因组序列测定和生物信息学分析, 进一步鉴定了至少61个型别(HAdV-53～113)。2017年, 一项在中国南方进行的HAdV分子流行病学调查显示, 在呼吸道感染患者中主要检出的HAdV型别为HAdV-3、HAdV-2和HAdV-7。此外, 本研究从一名肺炎患者中分离出1株属于HAdV-C的新型重组HAdV。经系统发育和基因重组等分析表明, 该新型重组株具有HAdV-1的penton和hexon基因, 以及HAdV-2的fiber基因。根据国际腺病毒工作小组基于3种主要衣壳蛋白的命名方法, 该病毒可被命名为"P1H1F2", 并进一步命名为HAdV-C104。随后的体外实验表明, HAdV-C104的增殖能力与HAdV-1、HAdV-2和另一新型重组株P1H2F2相当。此外, HAdV-C104感染患者被诊断为肺炎, 经抗病毒治疗后痊愈。本研究进一步证实基因重组是HAdV-C分子进化的主要驱动力。     

9株YONBAN相关TTV变异株全基因序列测定及其结构、分型的研究

目的：对9个TTV新分离株全基因序列测定，基因结构及基因分型的研究。方法：从9名TTV第4基因群感染阳性的婴儿血清中抽提取其DNA，用long inverted PCR扩增出全基因组，克隆和测定全基因组序列，并对测序结果进行计算机分析。结果：首次次测定了TTV第4基因群共9个新分离株的全基因序列，其中8个分离株代表核基因群首次报道的8个新基因型。结论：TTV基因组核酸序列具有高度异质性及基因型的高度多样性，但是，其独特的转录特性和基因组的基本结构在各自的基因群及基因型中十分保守。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒脑脊液分离株"47株"全基因组特征分析

目的 对1950年分离自我国黑龙江省患者脑脊液的乙脑病毒"47株"进行全基因组序列的测定和分析,全面了解其全基因组特征.方法 复苏毒种提取病毒RNA,使用自行设计的乙脑病毒全基因组扩增测序引物,完成对病毒全基因组序列的测定.采用DNAStar、Modeltest、Phylip等生物软件完成全基因组核苷酸、氨基酸序列差异分析和乙脑病毒全基因组的系统进化分析.结果 乙脑病毒"47株"全长10 977个核苷酸.96至10 391位为开放读码框ORF,共10 296个核苷酸,编码3432个氨基酸."47株"与5株疫苗株在全基因组水平的核苷酸差异在2.4%～4.4%之间,氨基酸差异在0.3%～1.1%之间.乙脑病毒全基因组最适进化模型为GTR+I+G.全基因组进化分析显示"47株"属于基因Ⅲ型乙脑病毒.结论 "47株"全基因组核苷酸和氨基酸高度保守,属于基因Ⅲ型乙脑病毒.     

山东省新分离乙脑病毒(SD08-10株)全基因组序列特征

目的 对山东省新分离乙脑病毒SD08-10株进行全基因组序列测定和分析,全面了解其基因组特征.方法 设计乙脑病毒全基因组序列扩增引物,RT-PCR扩增片段,PCR产物直接测序,拼接后获得全基因组序列.采用Clestal X(1.8)、DNAStar、GENEDOC(3.2)、Mega(4.0)等生物学软件进行核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列分析和病毒的系统进化分析.结果 新分离乙脑病毒SD08-10株基因组全长10 965个核苷酸,从97位到10 392位,共10 296个核苷酸编码一个开放阅读框,编码3432个氨基酸.与GenBank登录的所有59株乙脑病毒全基因组序列比较发现,其核苷酸总体差异率为0.7%～18.9%,氨基酸总体差异率为0.1%～5.2%.与目前使用的减毒活疫苗株SA-14-14-2株相比较,全基因组共存在1253个核苷酸差异,82个氨基酸差异.全基因组序列系统进化分析显示SD08-10属于基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒.结论 新分离的乙脑病毒SD08-10株属于基因Ⅰ型,与2007年中国分离株SH17M-07进化关系最接近.     

2008年辽宁省乙脑病毒分离株全基因组特征分析

目的 对2008年分离自辽宁蚊虫的乙脑病毒株进行全基因组序列测定和分析,了解其全基因组特征.方法 使用针对乙脑病毒全基因组测序引物,RT-PCR扩增片段,完成对病毒全基因组序列的测定.应用Chstal X(1.83)、ATGC(V4)、DNAStar、GENEDOC(3.2)、Mega(4.0)等生物学软件完成全基因组核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析及病毒的系统进化分析.结果 乙脑病毒LN0828株基因组全长10 965个核苷酸,其中从97位到10 392位为开放读码框,编码3432个氨基酸.与GenBank中的32株乙脑病毒在全基因组水平的核苷酸总体差异率为1.6%～16.4%,氨基酸总体差异率为0.3%～5.1%.与减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2相比,编码区共存在1186个核苷酸差异,86个氨基酸差异.全基因组序列系统进化分析显示LN0828株属于基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒.结论 与该地区2002年和2007年乙脑病毒分离株高度同源,关键位点氨基酸未见变异.     

2009年肠道病毒71型广州分离株的全基因组序列分析

目的分析2009年肠道病毒71型广州分离株GZHY09的全基因组序列,并与GenBank中的序列进行分析比对。结论从GenBank上选不同地区的EV71全基因组序列,设计相互重叠的覆盖病毒整个基因组序列的12对引物,采用RT-PCR扩增出12个基因片段,通过测序获得全基因组序列,并参考国内外各EV71基因型的分离毒株,用MEGA4软件进行进化树分析,用DNAStar软件中的MegAlign进行同源性分析。结果 12个重叠基因片段序列拼接获得EV71全基因组序列,共7404个核苷酸,同源性分析结果表明在VP1区,GZHY09株与中国大陆的Anhui08、Zhejiang08、Shenzhen08的核苷酸序列同源性比较高,其中以Anhui08最高（97.7%）。结论 GZHY09属EV71病毒的C4亚型,与近年我国大陆地区流行的EV71株在进化上属于同一基因型,与Anhui08、Zhejiang08、Shenzhen08具有高度的同源性。     

云南省一株柯萨奇病毒B组5型分离株的全基因组解析

目的对云南省2022年一例流感样病例的咽拭子分离得到的柯萨奇病毒B组5型(coxsackievirus B5, CVB5)病毒株进行全基因组测序, 并分析其遗传进化、基因突变和重组特征。方法通过人宫颈癌细胞培养获得病毒分离株, 应用全基因组测序技术对分离株进行病毒基因序列测定, 采用MEGA、RDP4及SimPlot软件, 解析病毒基因组学特征。结果分离株YN-01/CHN/2022与2株广东CVB5流行株核苷酸同源性为96.6%, 属GⅠ.C1分支, 与国内大多其他CVB5流行株相似度低(≤90.3%), 揭示国内CVB5流行株间基因组差异较大。该分离株VP1序列存在2个特有的氨基酸突变(T246A和T275A), 但其95位氨基酸未发生改变。基因重组分析显示YN-01/CHN/2022可能为重组株, 重组位点发生在P1区VP4(940)和P2区2A(3 540)。结论本研究分离株YN-01/CHN/2022属于CVB5 GⅠ.C1基因型, 存在特异的核苷酸分歧, 也证实了CVB5基因组有重组现象发生。该数据提示增强CVB5分子流行病学研究工作, 持续追踪病毒进化规律, 不断提高相关...     

一株Ⅲ型WU多瘤病毒的分离培养和全基因组进化分析

目的分离培养WU多瘤病毒(WU polyomavirus, WUPyV)并分析全基因组系统进化、同源性及种群动态特征。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR检测2020—2022年间北京友谊医院呼吸道感染住院患儿鼻咽抽吸物样本, 利用气液两相的原代人呼吸道上皮细胞模型对WUPyV阳性样本进行病毒分离培养, Sanger测序获得全基因组, 结合GenBank数据库中已公布的全基因组信息进行系统发育和进化动力学研究。结果 WUPyV在2020—2022年的检出率为4.7%(31/659), 并成功分离1株Ⅲc型WUPyV临床病毒株BJ0593。WUPyV全基因组及各基因片段同源性较高, VP2基因的平均进化速率约为每年1.256×10-4个氨基酸替换/位点, 种群动态在近十年内趋于平缓。结论本研究首次成功分离Ⅲ型WUPyV临床病毒株, 为WUPyV的分子进化及致病性研究提供基础。     

我国新分离乙脑病毒02-76株的全基因序列特征

目的对我国新分离乙脑病毒02-76株进行全基因序列测定和分析，了解乙脑病毒基因组结构及毒力特性。方法设计乙脑病毒全基因组扩增引物，RT-PCR扩增片段，PCR产物直接测序，拼接后获得全基因序列。通过Clustal X（1．8）、DNASTAR、GENEDOC（3．2）等生物学软件进行核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列分析和病毒的系统进化分析。结果新分离乙脑病毒02．76株全基因组全长10977个核苷酸，从96位到10391位，共10296个核苷酸编码一个开放阅读框，编码3432个氨基酸。与我国1949年分离的Beijing-1株相比较共存在248个核苷酸差异，16个氨基酸差异。与GenBank中选择的29株乙脑病毒全基因序列比较发现，其核苷酸总体差异率为0．6％-15．1％，氨基酸总体差异率为0．2％-4．6％。通过PrM／C区段、E区段、3’NTR区段及全基因序列进行系统进化分析均显示该毒株属于基因3型乙脑病毒。结论新分离的乙脑病毒02-76株属于基因3型，与中国分离株SA-14进化关系最接近。     

2011—2020年福建省手足口病相关柯萨奇病毒A2型分子流行病学特征分析

目的研究福建省2011—2020年手足口病(hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD)相关的柯萨奇病毒A2型(coxackievirus A2, CV-A2)流行病学及病毒基因组特征。方法利用描述性流行病学方法对2011—2020年福建省疾病预防控制中心实验室收集的HFMD相关CV-A2病例进行流行病学特征分析。采用Mega X和Simplot 3.5.1等软件对一代测序获得的VP1基因和二代测序获得的全基因组进行系统进化分析和重组分析。结果 2011—2020年福建省HFMD相关CV-A2病例35例, 以1～2岁幼儿(28/35)为主, 男女性别比2.5∶1(25/10)。VP1区基因系统进化树显示, 福建省内CV-A2流行株存在两种基因亚型, 即C1和D1基因亚型, 仅1株(2019FJPT064)属于C1基因亚型, 其余27株为D1基因亚型。其中, 4株2011—2012年分离株为D1基因亚型cluster 1分支, 另外2株2011—2012年分离株及2012年后的分离株均属于D1基因亚型cluster 2分支。6株福建CV-A2毒株全基因组长度在7...     

Computational analysis of adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) from an HAdV coinfection shows genome stability after 45 years of circulation

Adenovirus coinfections present opportunities for genome recombination. Computational analysis of an HAdV-C5 field strain genome, recovered from a patient with acute respiratory disease and coinfected with HAdV-B21, shows that there was no exchange of genomic material into HAdV-C5. Comparison of this genome to the sparsely amplified prototype demonstrates a high level of sequence conservation and stability of this genome across 45 years. Further, comparison to a version of the prototype that had been passaged in laboratory settings shows stability as well. HAdV genome stability and evolution are considerations for applications as vaccines and as vectors for gene delivery. In the annotation analysis, a single sequencing error in the HAdV-C5_ARM (Adenovirus Reference Material) genome is noted and may lead to erroneous annotation and biological interpretations.     

Genetic analysis of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses with different virulence isolated in China

The S1 and SY0608 strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were individually isolated and had different pathogenicity in pigs in 1997 and 2006. In order to understand their genomic characteristics, the full-length genome of S1 and SY0608 isolates were sequenced and analyzed. The results indicated that their genome composition differed significantly and shared only 88.5% nucleotide identity with each other. The genetic variation and amino acid substitutions were not randomly distributed in the genome, and mainly focused on ORF1a, ORF3 and ORF5. The SY0608 strain, with high pathogenicity, had a 30-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 480 and 532-560 in comparison with the S1 strain. The alignment of amino acid sequence of Nsp1-Nsp8, GP2-GP5, M and N of S1 and SY0608 with other PRRSV isolates demonstrated that variation was mainly found in the Nsp2, GP3 and GP5 proteins. In comparison with the S1 strain, the SY0608 strain showed some potential glycosylation site mutations in GP5 at amino acid positions between 26 and 39, which might be associated with viral antigenicity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two strains belonged to two different branches that do not indicate differences in pathogenicity. Interestingly, the deletion strains isolated recently in China formed a new minor branch, revealing the same evolutionary trend.     

Computational analysis of two species C human adenoviruses provides evidence of a novel virus

Human adenovirus C (HAdV-C) species are a common cause of respiratory infections and can occasionally produce severe clinical manifestations. A deeper understanding of the variation and evolution in species HAdV-C is especially important since these viruses, including HAdV-C6, are used as gene delivery vectors for human gene therapy and in other biotechnological applications. Here, the full-genome analysis of the prototype HAdV-C6 and a recently identified virus provisionally termed HAdV-C57 are reported. Although the genomes of all species HAdV-C members are very similar to each other, the E3 region, hexon and fiber (ten proteins total) present a wide range of identity values at the amino acid level. Studies of these viruses in comparison to the other three HAdV-C prototypes (1, 2, and 5) comprise a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and conservation within HAdV-C species. HAdV-C6 contains a recombination event within the constant region of the hexon gene. HAdV-C57 is a recombinant virus with a fiber gene nearly identical to HAdV-C6 and a unique hexon distinguished by its loop 2 motif.     

贵州省一例犬伤致人患狂犬病的病原学及病毒基因分析

目的 从病原学角度证实贵州省凯里市一起犬伤人致儿童死亡病例为狂犬病所致,了解狂犬病病毒的基因特征.方法 采用dFA实验初步检测犬和患儿脑组织狂犬病病毒抗原,以RT-nested PCR检测狂犬病病毒核酸,测定狂犬病病毒N基因全长序列,根据同源性比较及系统进化树进行分子流行病学分析.结果 dFA与RT-nested PCR检测显示犬脑和人脑组织标本均为狂犬病病毒抗原和核酸阳性.经测序拼接均得到长度为1353 bp的核苷酸序列,同源性分析显示犬脑组织(GZD)和人脑组织(GZH)检出的狂犬病病毒N基因核苷酸与推导的氨基酸同源性均为100％,与我国各省已报道的狂犬病病毒基因1型流行毒株及疫苗株核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为88.4％～99.6％和98.2％～100％,与我省往年报道的毒株N基因核苷酸和推到的氨基酸同源性最高.此外,在与疫苗株的比较中,与CNT株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性最高.进化树分析显示犬脑和人脑组织标本狂犬病病毒N基因亲缘进化关很近,同属于基因1型狂犬病病毒.结论 从病原学和病毒分子生物学证实了贵州省一起犬伤人致儿童死亡病例为狂犬病所致,其病原为狂犬病病毒基因1型,与疫苗毒株中的CNT毒株的亲缘进化关系最近,该起病例可能为我省境内传播,因此,应加强我省狂犬病疫区的防制工作.     

Genomic analysis of a recombinant NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in china

Recently, NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs), which are genetically similar to the NADC30 strain isolated in the United States of America in 2008, have become prevalent in China. Here, a novel variant PRRSV strain named HNhx was successfully isolated on porcine alveolar macrophages from Henan province and the full-length genome sequence was determined. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HNhx strain was classified into the NADC30-like PRRSV subgroup, in which all the strains had the unique discontinuous 131-amino acid deletion relative to that of the nonstructural protein 2 (Nsp2) of the VR2332 strain. Genetically, HNhx shared 92.9% nucleotide similarity to NADC30. Furthermore, HNhx strain contained extensive amino acid mutations in GP5. In particular, the S32H, N33D, D34N, and S36G variations resulted in that HNhx lost all the putative N-linked glycosylation sites at amino acid positions 30, 32, 33, 34, and 35. Recombination analysis revealed that HNhx was the result of recombination between the NADC30 strain and the highly pathogenic PRRSV vaccine strain circulating in China in Nsp4 (nt 5261) to Nsp9 (nt 7911). The novel genome data of HNhx will be helpful for understanding the evolution and epidemiology of PRRSV in China.     

Complete genome sequence of a novel infectious bronchitis virus strain circulating in China with a distinct S gene

An avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was isolated and identified from a commercial layer flock vaccinated with live attenuated H120 vaccine in China, designed as ck/CH/IBTZ/2012. To determine the origination and evolution of this isolated strain, we have carried out a complete genome sequencing of this strain. The genome of the ck/CH/IBTZ/2012 strain is 27,691 nucleotides in length and includes more than 10 open reading frames. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length genomic sequences showed that ck/CH/IBTZ/2012 is mostly related to the LX4-like strains. However, sequence analysis based on the spike protein (S) gene sequences revealed that ck/CH/IBTZ/2012 possesses a distinct S gene setting it apart from the Massachusetts-type strains and LX4-type strains. The cleavage site within the spike protein (S) of ck/CH/IBTZ/2012 is HRRKR, which is different from the majority of the IBVs in China for their cleavage sits are HRRRR. Recombination analysis showed that ck/CH/IBTZ/2012 is a chimeric virus with a LX4-like backbone except S gene which might be from an unknown strain. Based on the data presented in this paper, it can be concluded that genetic changes due to adaptive evolution and recombination both contributed to the origin of strain ck/CH/IBTZ/2012, which belongs to a new genotype.     

2008年广东省肠道病毒71型分离株全基因组核苷酸序列分析

目的 了解2008年广东省流行的肠道病毒(EV)71型基因特征.方法 选择2008年广东省分离的1株EV71毒株(GDFS-3),进行全基因组序列测定和基因进化特性的分析.结果 GDFS-3株与其他EV71型毒株相比,在编码区没有核苷酸的缺失和插入,其5'UTR和3'UTR的长度和序列有一定的差异.核苷酸同源性比较结果 表明,GDFS-3株与中国台湾流行株(TW984)的同源性最高(为96.0%),与新加坡流行株SIN5865及标准株MS、BrCr的同源性则在81.0%左右.氨基酸同源性比较结果 表明,GDFS-3株与TW984同源件最高(99.0%).根据VP1基因序列构建亲缘性关系树,GDFS-3株与C4亚型(subgenogroup)聚为一簇,与C4亚型代表株的核苷酸序列同源性为91.0%～95.0%.结论 遗传进化分析表明,GDFS-3株和中国台湾2004年流行的EV71毒株的亲缘关系最为密切,属于C4亚型,而与标准株BrCr和MS的亲缘关系较远.5'UTR的突变对于EV71毒力增强可能有重要作用.上述结果 有助于EV71型的基础研究和中国对于EV71所致疾病的预防.     

Complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in chickens in Egypt

The complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens in Egypt was determined and compared to the sequence of NDV strains isolated from different parts of the world. The genome is 15,186 nucleotides (nt) long and consists of 6 genes in the order of 3′-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5′. The genome contains a 55-nt leader region at the 3′ end and a 114-nt trailer region at the 5′ end. Interestingly, the phylogenetic analysis showed that strain Egypt is closely related with the NDV strains isolated in China. In addition, the sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site of strain Egypt was identical to that of the NDV strain recently isolated in Mali. Determination of complete genome sequences of additional NDV strains from Africa is necessary to understand the epidemiology of currently circulating viruses in Africa.