Ethnic and gender differences in eating attitudes among black and white college students

This study examines ethnic and gender differences in eating attitudes and behaviors among college students. Participants were 225 Black and 199 White students sampled from a historically Black university. White participants were more dissatisfied with their bodies, engaged in more self-loathing, and dieted more than Blacks. Similarly, women were more dissatisfied with their bodies, engaged in more self-loathing, dieted more, and showed a greater drive for thinness than men. White women and Blacks of either gender exhibited similar predictors of drive for thinness with each group showing some combination of dieting and self-loathing. Intrapersonal anger predicted drive for thinness in White men, adding to a growing body of research suggesting a link between anger and eating disorders. Results support a substantial body of literature showing that Black and White college students differ on their views of body image and eating. Future research should explore the role of anger as a risk factor for eating disorders among White men.     

少数民族和汉族大学生BMI对进食障碍影响的路径分析

目的 研究少数民族和汉族大学生BMI(body mass index)通过体形不满、抑郁、负性情绪对进食障碍的影响路径,为不同民族大学生进食障碍筛查和干预提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取的3 482名成都市5所高校在校大学生进行进食相关问卷调查。采用倾向得分匹配法对少数民族和汉族大学生进行1:1匹配以平衡两组样本间基本人口学特征的差异,并采用路径模型分析方法检验各变量的中介效应。结果 进食障碍得分显示13.9%的大学生可能有进食障碍问题,少数民族和汉族大学生中可能患进食障碍的人群占比相近,其差异无显著的统计学意义(P=0.968)。少数民族大学生BMI可正向预测进食障碍(β=0.12,95%CI:0.05～0.18),其中体形不满和抑郁的中介效应占33.3%。汉族大学生体形不满和抑郁在BMI与进食障碍间起完全中介作用(β=0.06,95%CI:0.04～0.09),且负性情绪可以直接影响进食障碍(β=0.07,95%CI:0.01～0.12)。结论 大学生进食障碍问题较为严峻,在少数民族和汉族大学生群体中,BMI均可正向预测进食障碍,且体形不满、抑郁在两者间起中介作用。     

手机成瘾对高原地区大学生睡眠质量的影响研究

目的 探究高原地区大学生手机成瘾现状,并探讨其对睡眠质量的影响,为大学生手机成瘾的预防干预及改善睡眠质量提供参考依据。方法 2021年3—4月,采用大学生智能手机成瘾量表(Smartphone Addiction Scale for College Students, SAS-C)和匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)对青海大学1 438名在校大学生进行问卷调查,评估其手机成瘾现状及睡眠质量情况。结果 高原地区大学生睡眠质量差的检出率为27.26%,手机成瘾的检出率为36.23%。大二、大三、大四年级相对大一年级都是影响睡眠质量的危险因素,OR值分别为1.440、1.562、2.504;规律锻炼是影响睡眠质量的保护因素,OR值为0.583;手机成瘾程度是影响睡眠质量的危险因素,边缘人群相对于普通人群,OR值为1.451,SAS-C人群相对于普通人群,OR值为3.077。SAS-C得分与PSQI总分、睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间睡眠障碍均存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 高原地区大学生手...     

中国大学生睡眠质量性别差异的Meta分析

目的 了解中国大学生的睡眠质量是否存在性别差异,为推动大学生睡眠质量相关因素的研究提供依据.方法 计算机检索中国知网、中国学术期刊网、万方和Pubmed数据库.收集1991至2010年在国内外公开发表的关于中国大学生睡眠质量影响因素的相关文献,以“大学生睡眠质量、影响因素、性别、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数”为选择标准,对符合纳入条件的12篇文献进行Meta分析,采用Stata软件进行数据统计分析.结果 不同性别大学生的睡眠质量指数各成份和睡眠指数总分之间的差异均无统计学意义.其中睡眠质量d=0.01,95％ Cl=-0.14～0.14;入睡时间d=-0.09,95％ CI=-0.25～0.07;睡眠时间d=-0.21,95％ Cl=-0.61～0.19;睡眠效率d=-0.33,95％ CI=-0.17～0.11;睡眠障碍d=-0.11,95％ CI=-0.28～0.05;安眠药物d=0.11,95％Cl=-0.02～0.23;日间功能d=-0.15,95％ CI=0.41～0.11;睡眠质量总分d=-0.09,95％ CI=-0.29～0.10.结论 大学生的睡眠质量各个方面差异均无统计学意义.     

体育锻炼在女大学生完美主义与进食障碍间的调节作用

探讨女大学生完美主义和进食障碍的关系以及体育锻炼在其中的调节作用,为预防女大学生进食障碍的发生提供理论依据.方法 采用中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷、进食障碍问卷以及体育活动等级量表,对方便抽取的山东省3所高校的1 938名女大学生进行调查.结果 132名女生达到进食障碍倾向标准,患病率为5.11%.四年级女生的患病率高于其他3个年级.不同生源地、不同专业的女大学生患病率差异无统计学意义(x2值分别为1.43,1.58,P值均>0.05).超重组女大学生患病率高于正常组和偏瘦组(x2=7.15,P<0.01).完美主义能正向预测进食障碍(β=0.431,P<0.01),完美主义和体育锻炼交互项的回归系数有统计学意义(B=-0.106,P<0.01).当锻炼量较低时,完美主义对进食障碍的预测作用较大(B=0.53,t=5.93,P<0.01);锻炼量较高时,完美主义对进食障碍的影响减弱(B=0.32,t=2.37,P<0.05).结论 体育锻炼在完美主义影响进食障碍的过程中具有调节作用.     

济南市大学生体力活动抑郁症状与进食障碍的关联

  目的  了解大学生体力活动和抑郁症状与进食障碍的关联,为开展大学生进食障碍干预工作提供理论依据。  方法  采用整群抽样法,抽取山东省济南市3所本科院校共计2 712名大学生开展问卷调查,采用一般资料调查表、国际体力活动问卷短卷、病人健康问卷抑郁量表和进食态度问卷进行调查。  结果  被调查大学生中,体力活动未达标组1 750名(64.5%),达标组962名(35.5%);有抑郁症状者488名(18.0%);进食障碍者452名(16.7%)。不同性别、自评学习压力、体力活动及抑郁症状的大学生进食障碍检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为63.65,23.17,34.24,70.66,P值均 < 0.05)。调整人口学变量后,多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,体力活动和抑郁症状均与进食障碍呈正相关(OR值分别为1.59,2.58,P值均 < 0.01)。相同抑郁症状组别中,体力活动水平越低,进食障碍检出率越高。  结论  大学生体力活动和抑郁症状与进食障碍有关。可通过积极改善抑郁症状、增加体育锻炼等途径干预进食障碍。     

成人院校新高职学生心理卫生状况分析

目的 了解成人院校中新高职学生心理卫生状况及影响因素。方法 采用大学生人格问卷（UPI）对2000级新生进行问卷调查。问卷采用自填式方法，并通过多状态Logistic回归进行影响因素的筛选。结果 调查对象中10.5%的学生存在不同程度的心理卫生问题，其中1.7%的新生被认为有严重的心理卫生问题，学校是否理想，专业是否理想，父亲职业，父亲化程度和父亲是否支持学生到本校就读是重要的影响因素。结论 新高职学生心理卫生问题不可忽视。学生管理工作应针对影响因素做好学生心理疏导工作。     

Development and validation of a screening tool to identify eating disorders in female athletes

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a screening tool to identify eating pathology in women athletes. DESIGN: Three cross-sectional subject groups were established: college women athletes diagnosed with eating disorders; college women athletes without eating pathology; college women who did not participate in athletics but were diagnosed with an eating disorder. The Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST), and 3 valid psychometric measures were administered to subjects in all groups. Internal reliability, discriminant and concurrent validity were established. SUBJECTS/SETTINGS: Women college students between the ages of 18 and 23 years (n=41) from the University of Connecticut and St Joseph College were recruited. The athletes were screened for eating disorders by a sports medicine team. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Cronbach's alpha, one-way analysis of variance, and correlation analyses. RESULTS: Reliability analysis indicated a high internal consistency of the FAST (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). Athletes with eating disorders scored significantly higher on the FAST as compared with athletes without eating pathology and nonathletes with eating disorders (P<.001), which demonstrated discriminant validity. Correlation analyses showed that the FAST was strongly correlated to the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (0.60, P<.05) and Eating Disorder Inventory (0.89, P<.001). APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of eating disorders can help prevent the onset or severity of a clinical eating disorder. By using the screening tool that has been validated for use in women athletes, dietetic professionals can quickly identify those athletes who need assistance with their aberrant eating habits.     

Rapid screening for disordered eating in college-aged females in the primary care setting.

PURPOSE: To identify an efficient, valid, and reliable instrument for use by primary care physicians during clinical encounters to screen female adolescents at risk for eating disorders. METHODS: We created a survey of 36 questions, including the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and additional test questions identified through focus groups and literature review. The EAT-26 is a valid and reliable tool to identify individuals with eating disorders (1). We randomly distributed the survey to 865 college freshman women residing in dormitories at the University of Florida. The EAT-26 portion of the survey was scored according to established protocol. A score of > or =20 identified individuals likely to have an eating disorder, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. RESULTS: 402 women completed surveys for a response rate of 47%. Based on the EAT-26 scores greater than 20, 17% of our population had scores predictive of an eating disorder. Four test questions correlated with positive EAT-26 scores: "How many diets have you been on in the past year?"; "Do you feel you should be dieting?"; "Do you feel dissatisfied with your body size?"; and "Does your weight affect the way you feel about yourself?" CONCLUSIONS: These four test questions in written format screen for disordered eating among female college students in primary care settings.     

大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素的逐步回归分析

目的 了解大学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究方法对1026名大学生先用“心理健康测查表（PHI）”进行心理健康测验,然后让其中可能存在不同程度心理问题的412人填写“卡特尔16种个性因素量表（16PF）”和自编的“大学生心理健康影响因素调查表”。用逐步回归分析筛选曩因素。结果 42.83%的大学生可能有存在不同程度的心理健康问题,16.22%的在校学生存在各种比较明显的心理问题;其心理问题主要集中在过度兴奋状态（53.03%)、躯体化（31.72%)、抑郁（31.48%)、脱离现实（24.46%)和病态人格（24.21%);逐步回归分析结果表明,心理不健康状况与个性因素中的乐群性、稳定性、有恒性、自律性、聪慧性和兴奋性呈负相关,与忧虑性、怀疑性和也为性呈正相关,多种负性生活事件可能影响大学生的心理健康,结论 大学生的心理健康状况不容乐观,多种个性因素和负性生活事件是其主要影响因素。     

大学生心理健康研究进展

无论是国内还是国外，大学生都是心理障碍的高发人群，心理问题的发生率均在10%～30％之间。大学生心理健康问题成为大学生健康成长的主要障碍之一。大学生心理健康的研究也一直为国内外所广泛关注。本文从大学生心理健康的内涵、量表使用、影响因素、干预措施四个方面对近年来国内外大学生心理健康方面的研究成果进行概括和总结，为今后在该领域的研究提供参考。     

Peer harassment and disordered eating

In this paper, we review existing literature regarding peer harassment and its association with a range of weight-related attitudes and behaviors. We conceptualize peer harassment to include traditionally defined bullying behavior, other social and relational forms of bullying, as well as teasing and other verbal harassment. Weight-based teasing is particularly relevant to weight-related issues and has been associated with clinical eating disorders, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and weight-related attitudes, such as body dissatisfaction. Studies using both clinical samples of eating disorder patients and general samples of college students or adolescents have demonstrated these relations. Emerging issues in this field, including teasing by family members, research with males, teasing and weight-related issues in developing countries, and the measurement of teasing experience are also discussed. Interventions with healthcare providers, parents, school personnel, and policy can contribute to the prevention of teasing and its associated weight-related attitudes and behaviors.     

军校大学生人际关系与睡眠质量的相关性研究

目的研究军校大学生睡眠质量情况,探讨人际关系与睡眠质量的关系,为改善睡眠质量提供依据。方法先采用整群抽样法抽取西安市医学和非医学两所军校,再用随机抽样法抽取730名学生,运用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数调查表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)和人际关系综合诊断量表对730名军校大学生进行问卷调查。结果 (1)不同专业、年级、生源学员在人际关系综合诊断量表总分方面差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05);地方生源学员、战士生源学员在交际、待人接物方面差异具有统计学意义,主要表现为地方生源学员困扰率高于战士生源学员(P0.05);(2)32.2%军校大学生存在睡眠障碍,不同年级学员睡眠障碍发生率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=22.45,P0.05),其中,大一年级学员存在睡眠障碍百分比数明显高于其他4个年级;(3)人际关系综合诊断量表的交谈、社交活动与交友、待人接物、同异性朋友交往及人际关系综合诊断量表总分与睡眠质量成均呈显著正相关(r=0.28、0.28、0.20、0.24、0.30,P0.01)。结论军校大学生人际关系对睡眠质量具有较强影响,人际关系越好睡眠质量越高。     

The Effect of Sorority Membership on Eating Disorders,Body Weight,and Disordered‐Eating Behaviors

Eating disorders are currently the deadliest mental disorder in the United States, affecting an estimated 12%–25% of all college women. Previous research has found a positive correlation between sorority membership and eating disorders, but the causal link has not been firmly established. We contribute to the literature by investigating a possible causal link among sororities and diagnosed eating disorders, measurable weight outcomes, and disordered‐eating behaviors using data from the American College Health Association Survey. We handle the potential endogeneity of sorority membership using propensity score matching and instrumental variable methods to determine whether joining a sorority is a cause of the weight‐related outcomes we study. We find that sorority members exhibit worse weight‐related outcomes than those not in a sorority. However, our propensity score matching and instrumental variable results suggest that, other than BMI, this is merely a correlation, and there is little evidence that sorority membership is a cause of the outcomes we study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prevalence of eating disorders among dietetics students: does nutrition education make a difference?

Several studies have indicated that college students majoring in dietetics have more problems associated with food than do students majoring in other disciplines. If this is true, dietetics students may need more counseling and education on eating disorders, especially because many will eventually be counseling others professionally. To assess the prevalence of negative eating behaviors among college dietetics majors, surveys based on the Eating Pattern Questionnaire were distributed to college women with majors in dietetics and other selected disciplines at a medium-sized California university. Two surveys were administered 1 year apart; the first was distributed to junior and senior women only, and the second was distributed to women of all class levels. Results from the first survey revealed that the incidence of eating disorders was not greater among the dietetics majors than among the other selected majors. In fact, dietetics majors often had more positive responses to questionnaire items, which suggests that dietetics students have better eating habits and fewer eating disorders. The results of the second survey, however, indicated that dietetics majors had significantly more negative eating patterns than did students from other majors. When separated by class, junior and senior dietetics majors had significantly more positive eating habits than did freshmen dietetics majors. These findings imply that junior and senior dietetics majors may have more positive eating patterns than freshmen dietetics majors as a result of their increased exposure to nutrition information.     

南京大学生性观念与艾滋病健康教育需求定性研究

目的了解南京市大学生性价值取向，为探索大学生艾滋病健康教育干预策略提供依据方法采用小组讨论和个人深入访谈的定性调查方式．调查南京市不同专业的一～三年级大学生共149名。结果不同专业和不同性别的大学生性观念有所差别：持传统性观念的男生文科约为15％，工科约为35％，理科、医科、艺术专业接近50％；女生文科约为40％，其余专业女生接近70％。部分大学生并不抵制发生婚前性行为或者已经有过性行为．获取艾滋病相关的知识是大学生共同的愿望与需求。绝大多数大学生希望学校采取一定措施来改变目前艾滋病知识较少的状况。结论在大学中开展艾滋病防治相关教育是必要的，也是可行的，应纳入日常考察科目当中去。     

合肥市高校大学生睡眠现状及其与睡前活动关系的调查分析

目的 了解合肥市高校大学生的睡眠现状,分析其与睡前活动的关系。方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、自制的大学生睡前活动调查表和其他睡眠质量影响因素调查表对合肥市在校大学生进行抽样调查,应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果 合肥市高校大学生PSQI总均分为(5.613±2.554), 男生为(5.606±2.481),女生为(5.619±2.652),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);睡眠障碍发生率为19.6%;多因素回归分析显示:睡前电子产品使用频率越大、使用时间越长,发生睡眠障碍的可能性越大(P均<0.05);此外,大学生学习压力越大、宿舍环境越差、应激事件越大,发生睡眠障碍的可能性越大。结论 合肥市大学生睡眠质量存在问题的比例较高,应引起重视,大学生睡眠质量受多种因素影响,而大学生多种睡前行为活动对睡眠质量有着显著影响,应采取有效措施进行干预,改善大学生睡眠质量,促进其身心健康。     

我国高三学生高考前焦虑障碍检出情况Meta分析

综合评价我国高三学生高考前焦虑障碍检出情况,为开展相关防治和控制工作提供科学依据.方法 系统检索CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP以及Science Direct,EBSCO-ASC +BSC,PubMed Central,Springer数据库,收集2002-2015年收录的有关我国高三学生焦虑障碍的文献,采用Meta分析合并发生率,并进行亚组分析,且对文献进行发表偏倚和敏感性分析.结果 共筛选出符合标准文献20篇,总样本量为13 662名高三学生,焦虑障碍合并检出率为34%(95% CI=27% ~ 42%,P<0.01).亚组分析结果显示,我国高三学生焦虑障碍检出率随研究时间段的增加呈上升趋势;高三学生轻度(23.37%)、中度(8.52%)、重度(1.65%)焦虑障碍检出率呈梯度下降趋势;女生焦虑障碍检出率(30.94%)高于男生(23.26%);我国东部地区高三学生高考前焦虑障碍检出率最高(38.35%),西部地区(29.81%)次之,中部地区(24.46%)最低;非随机抽样法高三学生高考前焦虑障碍检出率(36.80%)高于随机抽样法(32.34%);考试焦虑量表(TAS)测出的结果(55.36%)高于焦虑自评量表(SAS) (23.54%)和其他量表(42.53%).结论 高三学生焦虑障碍检出率高且呈上升趋势,需进一步加强心理健康教育工作.     

基于潜在类别分析的女大学生童年期创伤与进食障碍的关联研究

目的 探索女大学生童年期创伤的潜在类别，并进一步探究其与进食障碍的关联。方法 采用一般资料调查表、儿童期创伤问卷和进食态度量表，于2020年12月在山东省济南市选取3所院校共计655名女大学生开展问卷调查。对童年期创伤经历进行潜在类别分析，并采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨不同类别与进食障碍的关联性。结果 女大学生童年期创伤分为无/低创伤组（73.9%）、高创伤组（4.3%）和高忽视组（21.8%）。调整自评人际关系、自评学习压力后，多因素logistic 回归分析结果显示，高创伤组（OR = 12.771，95%CI:5.555～29.360，P＜0.01）和高忽视组（OR = 4.530，95%CI:2.935～6.992，P＜0.01）与进食障碍存在关联。结论 女大学生童年期创伤具有明显的类别特征，且高创伤组和高忽视组是进食障碍的危险因素，今后应精准识别童年期创伤的潜在类别以便制定有针对性的方案干预进食障碍。     

浙江省某高校大学生性心理及性行为的调查与对策分析

目的大学生的性心理发展直接影响到他们的身心健康和人格的形成与完善。了解大学生性心理及性行为的现状,为高校开展性健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查,自编问卷,对742名大学生进行调查,了解性心理、性行为及性教育的情况。结果性知识总均分为3.52分,50%以上的同学通过报刊杂志、与同学交流等途径获得性知识,性适应总均分为3.61分;出现第一次手淫男生的平均年龄是16.22岁,女生是17.50岁。初次发生性交行为的平均年龄为19.42岁。91%的大学生认为有必要在大学开展性教育。约80%的大学生对学校性教育不满意。结论大学生性心理发展主流是积极健康的,但仍有相当数量的学生有性心理混乱现象,持有错误的性观念,对性行为抱着一种轻率的态度。要多渠道、全方位开展大学生性心理健康教育,尤其要发挥学校性教育的主渠道作用。