慢性阻塞性肺疾病夜间低氧血症的研究进展

导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）加重甚至死亡的直接原因多为呼吸衰竭，而呼吸衰竭的关键在于低氧血症或合并高碳酸血症的发生、发展。许多研究表明，COPD患者的低氧血症开始于夜间、多发生在夜间或夜间有不同程度的加重。本文就近年来COPD夜间低氧血症的发病机制、对机体的影响及治疗等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与夜间低氧血症

随着慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）研究的深入，许多医务工作者发现慢阻肺患者发展为呼吸衰竭之前，其夜间血氧含量已达到呼衰标准。因此，越来越多的医生使用多导睡眠图对COPD患者进行监测并取得成就，本文将就近年来有关COPD与夜间低氧血症关系研究的文献作一综述。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动时低氧血症及其治疗

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患运动时往往发生低氧血症。其发生机制为通气负荷增加、通气／血流比例失调、弥散功能障碍和通气动力不足。运动时低氧血症可引起肺动脉高压、心律失常、心室功能不全和骨骼肌功能障碍。常用的治疗方法有氧疗、机械通气和药物等。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病睡眠时低氧血症的发生及对策

慢性阻塞性肺病睡眠时易出现低氧血症或低氧血症加重,进而引起一系列并发症,本文重点综述了近年来关于其发生机制及治疗的研究进展。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病睡眠低氧血症的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者睡眠过程中会发生低氧血症,尤其在快动眼（REM）睡眠时相,这会对患者心血管及神经生理等方面产生显著影响,因而研究人员日益重视睡眠低氧血症的预测及治疗。本文就COPD患者睡眠低氧血症的发生机制,产生的后果及治疗进展作一综述。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动时低氧血症及其治疗

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动时往往发生低氧血症。其发生机制为通气负荷增加、通气/血流比例失调、弥散功能障碍和通气动力不足。运动时低氧血症可引起肺动脉高压、心律失常、心室功能不全和骨骼肌功能障碍。常用的治疗方法有氧疗、机械通气和药物等。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与夜间低氧血症

随着慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)研究的深入 ,许多医务工作者发现慢阻肺患者发展为呼吸衰竭之前 ,其夜间血氧含量已达到呼衰标准。因此 ,越来越多的医生使用多导睡眠图对COPD患者进行监测并取得成就。本文将就近年来有关COPD与夜间低氧血症关系研究的文献作一综述     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生难治性营养不良的机制

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者常合并营养不良,导致呼吸肌结构和功能受损,诱发感染,加重呼吸衰竭,使患者预后不良.合理的营养支持治疗可降低病死率,但能量代谢不平衡、缺氧、肿瘤坏死因子系统及血清瘦素等作用,可导致部分患者对营养支持无反应.因而抑制肿瘤坏死因子系统活性的药物可能成为治疗COPD合并难治性营养不良的新手段.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病营养不良研究进展

<正>在2011年底颁布的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断、处理和预防全球策略~(〔1〕),对COPD的定义进行了更新。营养不良也是COPD预后不良的独立因子~(〔2〕)。由于研究的方式、人群存在一定差异,当前COPD营养不良在流行病学方面也具有丰富的多样性,国内外关于COPD患者营养状况的研究表明,营养不良发病率在20%~71%~(〔2~4〕)。Congleton~(〔5〕)采用理想体重作为     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动性低氧血症的预测

通过稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者静息肺功能,以预测运动性低氧血症（ＥＩＨ）发生的可能性。对象与方法　选择稳定期ＣＯＰＤ患者３０例,诊断符合１９９７年《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治规范（草案）》的诊断标准［１］。男２０例,女１０例,平均年龄（５２±１３）岁,排除支气管哮喘、肺源性心脏病及其他系统疾病。静息状态下测患者肺活量（ＶＣ）为（３－１±０－７）Ｌ,一秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）为（１－７±１－９）Ｌ,最大通气量（ＭＶＶ）为（６７±３７）Ｌ／ｍｉｎ,肺一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比（ＤＬＣＯ％…     

血清瘦素在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养不良发生中的意义

目的探讨血清瘦素及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者营养不良发生中的意义.方法用放射免疫法测定68例COPD患者(分为营养不良组,即COPDⅠ组35例;非营养不良组,即COPDⅡ组33例)及30例健康对照的血清瘦素、TNF-α浓度、体重指数(BMI)、理想体重百分比(NW%)、肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、上臂中部臂围(MAC),血清白蛋白(ALB)、总淋巴细胞计数(LYM)等指标.分析瘦素与各项参数及TNF-α的相关性.结果①COPD(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)组血清瘦素浓度明显低于对照组;COPDⅠ组血清瘦素浓度低于Ⅱ组和对照组;COPDⅡ组血清瘦素浓度低于对照组.②COPD患者血清TNF-α水平明显高于对照组,且COPDⅠ组高于COPDⅡ组.③各组内血清瘦素浓度与BMI和NW%呈显著正相关,在COPD组瘦素浓度与TSF、MAC、ALB和LYM呈显著正相关,在COPDⅠ组和对照组瘦素浓度与TSF呈显著正相关.各组内血清瘦素浓度与TNF-α浓度之间无显著相关性.④血清瘦素浓度在COPD组患者女性高于男性,差异有显著性意义;对照组血清瘦素浓度女性也高于男性,但差异无显著性意义.结论血清瘦素浓度与COPD患者的营养参数、性别有关,瘦素的调节不受TNF-α系统的控制,瘦素可能参与了COPD患者的营养不良.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病夜间低氧血症及无创通气治疗

COPD是进行性气流受限的疾病 ,其发病率和死亡率均很高。患者早期就易发生夜间低氧血症 ,而低氧血症的发生和严重程度反映着病情的恶化和进展。本文就COPD夜间低氧的定义、发病机制及无创通气治疗等方面加以阐述。     

肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

目的 调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者的营养状况,通过检测外周血清中肌抑制素的水平,探讨肌抑制素与COPD患者营养不良的关系.方法 选71例COPD稳定期患者和60例老年健康对照者,参照营养不良多参数评分(MNI)对所有受试者的营养状况进行总体评价;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测受试者血清中肌抑制素、TNFα、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.结果 COPD患者MNI显著升高,其中MNI≥5分者55例(77%),MNI＜5分者16例.MNI≥5分者血清中肌抑制素水平为(12.18±4.76)μg/L,较MNI＜5分者[(9.73±2.85)μg/L]和健康对照者[(7.93±2.35)μg/L]显著升高(P＜0.001).COPD患者TNFα显著升高,与健康对照者比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).COPD患者血清肌抑制素水平与MNI、TNFα水平呈正相关(r=0.438,P=0.000;r=0.234,P=0.041).结论 COPD患者普遍存在较严重的营养不良,血清肌抑制素水平明显升高,营养不良与血清肌抑制素升高密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病孤立夜间低氧血症的研究进展

COPD患者易出现夜间低氧血症,尤其是在快动眼睡眠时期。夜间低氧血症（nocturnaloxygendesaturation,NOD）不仅可发生于日间明显的低氧血症患者中（日间PaO2≤55mmHg）,亦可发生于日间无或轻度低氧血症（日间PaO2〉55mmHg或SaO2〉90％）患者。在我国通常将后者称为孤立NOD患者,本文就孤立NOD国内外研究现状作一综述。     

吸烟、肿瘤坏死因子及其受体与慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)发病率高.发病机制不清.外界环境的刺激导致气道和血管损伤与修复的失平衡可能与COPD的发生相关.其中吸烟致细胞因子、炎症细胞及炎症介质增多,气道和肺实质慢性炎症,导致气道损伤和重构.最终导致气流受限,在肺气肿的形成中起主要作用.肿瘤坏死因子a是重要的炎症因子,通过其主要受体肿瘤坏死因子受体1参与COPD的形成,在COPD的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

慢 阻塞性肺疾病睡眠时低氧血症的发生及对策

慢性阻塞性肺病睡眠时易出现低氧血症或低氧血症加重，进而引起一系列并发症，本文重点综述了近年来关于其发生机制及治疗的研究进展。     

肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

肿瘤坏死因子α对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型呼吸肌蛋白质分解代谢的影响

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）模型大鼠呼吸肌蛋白质分解代谢率的影响。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠90只，分为模型组70只，对照组20只，采用反复熏香烟和气管内注入猪胰弹性蛋白酶的方法建立COPD大鼠模型，模型建立成功2周后，以低于对照组大鼠平均体重的90％作为判断发生营养不良的标准，随机抽取已出现营养不良的大鼠10只，采用尾静脉注射TNF-α单克隆抗体0．1mg／kg进行干预，连续干预4d，继续饲养动物10d，处死全部动物。酶联免疫吸附测定法测定膈肌及肋间内肌匀浆中TNF-α含量；反相高效液相色谱荧光法测定膈肌和肋间内肌匀浆中3-甲基组氨酸（3-MH）及酪氨酸含量。结果营养不良组大鼠膈肌和肋间内肌的TNF-α含量[（125±11）和（119±11）pg／g]显著高于对照组[（64±5）和（59±5）pg／g]，营养不良组大鼠膈肌和肋间内肌匀浆中3-MH含量[（7．1±0．6）和（7．4±0．6）nmol／g]和酪氨酸含量[（639±24）和（660±25）nmol／g]均显著高于对照组[（4．0±0．5）、（4．2±0．3）和（557±24）、（579±26）nmol／g]，膈肌和肋间内肌TNF-α含量与蛋白质分解代谢率呈阴显正相关（r=0．854。P〈0．01）。TNF-α单克隆抗体干预后，蛋白质分解代谢率降低。结论COPD大鼠模型呼吸肌蛋白质分解代谢率增高，这种现象在COPD大鼠模型中发生营养不良的大鼠表现更为明显。TNF-α是引起COPD大鼠呼吸肌蛋白质分解代谢率增高的因素之一。