Ipr1重组卡介苗对小鼠结核病的治疗效果

目的 评估携带小鼠胞内病原体抗性基因1(intracellular pathogen resistance 1,Ipr1)质粒(pBOGI)的重组卡介苗(BCG)对结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染的治疗效果.方法 BALB/c小鼠30只,随机分为3组:分别滴鼻给予磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)、BCG和重组BCG,2周后用人型Mtb H_(37),Rv标准株感染所有小鼠;感染后分别用PBS、BCG和重组BCG治疗7次;末次治疗后处死小鼠,检测肺脾荷菌量,肺脾脏器指数,血清IFN-γ、IL-10及TNF-α分泌水平和肺脾组织中Ipr1的表达,同时观察小鼠肺脾组织病理改变情况.结果 重组BCG组肺脾荷菌量比PBS组和BCG组显著降低(P<0.01);重组BCG组肺脾脏器指数比PBS组和BCG组显著降低(P<0.05);重组BCG组血清IFN-γ分泌水平比PBS组和BCG组显著升高(P<0.01).用免疫组化检测到小鼠肺睥组织中有Ipr1表达.PBS组肺组织病理改变以渗出为主,病变广泛;重组BCG组肺部病变最轻,肺泡结构基本正常;BCG组病变范围局限,病变程度界于PBS组与重组BCG组之间;各组间比较脾脏病理改变不明显.结论 携带小鼠Ipr1基因的重组BCG对结核分枝杆菌感染有一定的治疗作用.     

结核分枝杆菌H37Ra菌株感染小鼠脾组织IL-35 mRNA表达及其意义

目的:探讨H37Ra菌株感染后小鼠脾脏IL-35 mRNA的表达情况,分析其在结核分枝杆菌(M.tb)感染中的作用与意义。方法:将清洁级C57B/L6小鼠分为对照组、感染4周组和感染8周组,每组10只。采用H37Ra菌株感染后,观察小鼠一般状况与肺组织病理,并检测肺部感染细菌数及脾组织IL-35的mRNA表达水平。结果:H37Ra菌株感染小鼠在不同时段其脾组织IL-35(EBI3亚基和P35亚基)的mRNA表达均高于对照组(P<0.01),感染8周组的脾组织IL-35的mRNA表达水平更高(P<0.01)。结论:结核分枝杆菌H37Ra菌株感染小鼠后脾组织IL-35 mRNA表达水平升高,IL-35表达可能与结核分枝杆菌感染密切相关。     

初次及再次感染肺炎衣原体Icr小鼠局部的免疫反应

目的:肺炎衣原体(Cpn)是一种常见的人类呼吸道致病菌,感染多为持续或慢性感染,机体感染后可引起以细胞免疫(CMI)为主的免疫反应.文中使用Icr小鼠建立初次及再次感染Cpn的动物模型,研究小鼠肺部及脾脏在初次及再次感染Cpn后的炎症机制及CMI反应. 方法:初次感染(PT)组鼻内接种Cpn 105IFU/只.再次感染(ST)组4周后重复接种同样剂量的Cpn.对照组接种PBS 0.05ml/只.在预设时间点处死小鼠后取肺及脾,分离出肺单核细胞及脾的淋巴细胞.用Cpn刺激,体外培养3d.MTT法测定细胞增殖指数;ELISA法测定IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ. 结果:体外CMI显示用Cpn刺激后在PT组小鼠肺中出现一个较弱的增殖反应,并无IFN-γ的分泌.在ST组的肺及脾中则均引起以IFN-γ为主的细胞因子的分泌(P<0.01).IL-4在2组小鼠肺中的测定基本为0.IL-10在PT组肺中无表达,在ST组中稍有升高,平均为0.4ng/ml.在ST组脾中IL-4及IL-10均在35d后有升高趋势,与PT组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05). 结论:Th1型CMI引起的IFN-γ产生和淋巴反应增加是再次感染的特征.     

结核菌H37Ra在小鼠体内诱导的抗结核细胞免疫应答的研究

目的:研究结核菌H37Ra免疫小鼠后产生的特异性细胞免疫应答及其对结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriun tubetculosisMTB)毒株感染的保护力.方法:Balb/c小鼠随机分为H37Ra组、BCG组和生理盐水(NS)组,皮内免疫8周后处死小鼠,流式细胞分析仪检测小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化;取小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养并用PPD刺激,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞的刺激指数(SI);ELISA法检测培养上清液中IFN-?;免疫后第8周,用MTB毒株H37Rv经小鼠腹腔注射,4周后处死小鼠,测定小鼠肺脏荷菌量,观察免疫小鼠对MTB抵抗作用.结果:H37Ra免疫小鼠脾脏CD3 T细胞、CD4 T细胞的百分率分别为(41.63±1.68)%、(27.08±0.58)%,显著高于NS对照组(38.34±0.74)%、(24.37±1.60)%(P<0.05). H37Ra免疫组脾脏CD3 T细胞、CD4 T细胞及CD8 T细胞的百分率均不同程度地高于BCG免疫组,但差异无统计学意义.脾淋巴细胞SI和IFN-?水平检测均发现H37Ra免疫组显著高于NS对照组(P<0.05),略高于BCG免疫组.感染4周后H37Ra组小鼠肺脏荷菌量与NS对照组比较下降0.954log10CFU,差异有显著性(P<0.05),与BCG组之间差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:H37Ba免疫小鼠后可以诱导产生特异性抗结核的细胞免疫应答,能够抵抗毒株H37Rv的攻击,且免疫效果与BCG相近.     

放射治疗荷肾癌小鼠肿瘤生长抑制与脾细胞及肿瘤组织IL-2，IFN-γ和IL-10的关系

目的：观察放射治疗对BALB／c小鼠肾癌移植瘤的抑瘤作用与细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ和IL-10表达分泌的关系．方法：建立BALB／c小鼠的Renca肾癌细胞移植瘤放射治疗的模型;采用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞的细胞因子IL-2,IL-10和IFN-γ分泌水平．RT—PCR法检测肿瘤组织IL-2,IL-10和IFN-γ基因的表达水平．结果：治疗组小鼠肾癌移植瘤生长速度较肿瘤对照组明显减慢．放疗组小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-2,IFN-γ及肿瘤组织IL-2,IFN-γ的表达较肿瘤对照组明显升高,IL-10较肿瘤对照组降低．结论：经放射治疗后,小鼠肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,与放疗引发小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-2,IFN-γ和肿瘤组织IL-2,IFN-γ表达分泌增强,IL-10细胞因子降低有关．     

特异性免疫治疗对特应性皮炎模型小鼠细胞因子的调控

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.