Research on the Relationship between Spinal Ways and the Effect of Point Zusanli （ST 36）

目的：横断研究相应脊髓背根通路的完整性对针刺足三里穴后胃平滑肌电活动的影响，探讨中枢性调控对针刺足三里穴效应的联系途径。方法：选择SD健康成年大鼠30只，用冰乙酸法复制幽门管部溃疡模型，随机分为模型对照组、背根L4-S1切断组、T10-T11横断组，每组10只。用直径0．2mm铂金圆环电极植入溃疡部浆膜下，记录针刺前后胃平滑肌电活动的变化，刺激参数：2—100Hz，疏密方波，刺激电流峰值1．5mA，连续刺激20min。结果：模型对照组针刺前为（5．73±0．51）cpm，（2．28±0．57）mV：针刺后，（5．34±0．34）cpm，（1．06±0．13）mV。背根（L4-S1）组切断前，（5．65±0．26）cpm，（1．66±0．15）mV：切断后，（5．40±0．23）cpm，（1．17±0．23）mV，切断加针刺后，（5．26±0．18）cpm，（2．45±0．23）mV。脊髓（T10-T11）组横断前，（5．69±0．36）cpm，（1．91±0．25）mV：横断后，（4．98±0．53）cpm，（1．05±0．18）mV。横断加针刺后，（4．60±0．44）cpm，（2．52±0．38）mV。结论：针刺足三里具有抑制胃溃疡模型大鼠胃平滑肌电活动的作用；切断相应背根后，针刺足三里有增强胃平滑肌电幅值的作用，且横断脊髓作用更强，表明脊髓通路的完整性直接影响针刺效应，针刺的双向调节作用与脊髓以上高位中枢的调控机制密切相关。     

What are the Therapeutic Effects of Point Zusanli （ST 36）？

Point Zusanli （ST 36） is the He-Sea point of Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and also one of the reinforcing points of the whole body as well. Its major therapeutic effects are as follows.To regulate the stomach and intestines and to lower the up-adverse flow of qi That ＂the belly and abdomen are guarded by Zusanli （ST 36） ＂, the first phrase of Song of Four Major Points （ Si Zong Xue Ge）, briefly indicates that point Zusanli（ST 36） has the important therapeutic effects on the disease of the gastrointestinal system.     

Effect and Mechanism of Moxibustion on Acupoints Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21） in the Prevention and Treatment of Stress Ulcer

目的观察艾灸足三里等穴对应激性溃疡大鼠胃粘膜细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,探讨艾灸促进胃粘膜损伤修复的细胞分子生物学机制.方法60只SD大鼠随机分为4组,即束缚对照组、模型组、艾灸足三里和梁门穴组和艾灸非穴对照点组.束缚水浸应激法制备胃溃疡模型,放射免疫方法测定胃粘膜转化生长因子(TGF-α)的含量,免疫组织化学方法检测HSP70蛋白,胃粘膜增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及细胞凋亡指数.结果束缚水浸应激法造模后可致胃粘膜损伤指数升高,胃粘膜TGF-α含量下降;PCNA下降,HSP70蛋白增加;细胞凋亡指数增加(P＜0.01).艾灸足三里和梁门可降低胃粘膜损伤指数,增加胃粘膜TGF-α含量,促进HSP70和PCNA的表达,降低胃粘膜细胞凋亡指数,与模型组和对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论艾灸足三里和梁门对应激性溃疡胃粘膜具有保护作用,机制可能是促进TGF-α合成、刺激胃粘膜细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡,而这一过程与艾灸诱导HSP70表达有关.     

Experimental Research of Acupuncture at Zusanli （ST 36） for Anti-aging

目的：研究针刺足三里对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠抗衰老作用的机制。方法：三十只28周龄ICR系雌性小白鼠，随机分成对照组、模型组和针刺组。在光学显微镜下观察小肠粘膜形态学变4L；分别测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase，SOD）活性和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量。结果：针刺组SOD活性高于模型组和对照组，MDA含量低于模型组和对照组。模型组正常型绒毛比率减少，上皮细胞脱落再生加剧，肠绒毛萎缩；针刺组肠绒毛形态改善，肠上皮细胞异常减少。结论：针刺足三里能提高血清中SOD活性，减少MDA含量，改善肠绒毛形态，有助于延缓衰老过程。     

Application of Injection at Acupoint Zusanli （ST 36） in Hydrotubation

220例行输卵管通液术的患者被分为实验组(n=110)和对照组(n=110),实验组患者在进行输卵管通液术前用维生素K1足三里穴位注射,对照组术前不作其他处理.实验组不良反应例数明显少于对照组,且反应较轻.实验组输卵管通畅89例,占80.9%,对照组输卵管通畅63例,占57.3%.     

What are the Therapeutic Effects of Point Zusanli （ST 36） （Continued）

OTo clear away heat and to calm the consciousness In the clinic, point Zusanli （ST 36） is also applied to remove the fire, to restore the consciousness and to clear away the heat in the Yangming Meridians. It is said in chapter 61, On Acupuncture Points for Edema and Heat Diseases, Essential Questions （Su Wen）： ＂The eight points of Qichong （ST 36）, Zusanli （ST 36）, Shangjvxu （ST 37） and Xiajvxu （ST 39）, can clear away the heat in the stomach＂. It is said in A-B Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion （Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing） that point Zusanli （ST 36） could be used to treat ＂mental disorders＂, ＂convulsion, opisthotonus, lockjaw and sore throat＂, ＂acute mastitis with fever＂, .etc. The application of moxibustion on point Zusanli （ST 36） can remove the fire to brighten the eyes.     

Effect of Puncturing Neiguan （PC 6） and Zusanli （ST 36） on Chemotherapy-related Vomiting from Platinum-involved Therapeutic Project： A Report of 26 Cases

目的：观察针刺内关、足三里穴对化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效。方法：26例行含铂类化疗方案的恶性肿瘤患者．在常规治疗呕吐的基础上，于化疗前、后针刺双足三里、内关穴，日2次，每次30min。直至化疗结束后3d。所有患者均采用自身前后对照的方法，即第一疗程用针刺，第二疗程则不用，反之第一疗程不用针刺。第二疗程则用。结果：针刺治疗组出现恶心、呕吐者15例，其中Ⅰ°6例，Ⅱ°5例，Ⅲ°2例，无Ⅳ度反应。急性呕吐11例，延迟呕吐4例，先期呕吐0例；对照组出现恶心、呕吐者19例，其中Ⅰ°5例．Ⅱ°9例，Ⅲ°4例，Ⅳ°1例；急性呕吐13例，延迟呕吐6例，先期呕吐0例；针刺治疗组的恶心呕吐发生率及呕吐程度均低于对照组（57．7％VS 73．1％，P〈0．01），且生活质量提高。结论：针刺双足三里、内关穴，可减轻含铂类化疗方案患者的胃肠道反应，提高患者生活的质量。     

Peripheral Nerve Discharge Elicited by Manual Acupuncture at Zusanli （ST 36） Regulates Blood Pressure in Anesthetized Rats

目的：麻醉状态下观察手针大鼠后肢足三里穴位引起的支配该穴区的特异性神经束放电以及由此诱发的相应靶器官血压波动效应。方法：将水合氯醛麻醉处理的雄性大鼠随机分为针刺组、利多卡因注射后针刺组（穴位邻近区域肌肉注射2％利多卡因后进行足三里手针刺激）并设生理盐水注射后针刺组（穴位邻近区域肌肉注射生理盐水后进行足三里手针刺激）作为对照。持续记录足三里针刺过程中大鼠右颈动脉血压变化并同时记录分析相应的神经束放电情况。结果：以一定手法手针大鼠足三里能够引起明显的特异性神经束放电并引起相应动脉血压的下降（P〈0．05），而在穴位邻近区域注射利多卡因后上述现象消失。结论：手针大鼠足三里能够诱发支配穴位的特异性外周神经放电，该神经信号可能通过躯体心血管反射参与调节体内的血压变化。     

Effects of Applying Acupuncture Therapy at Baihui （GV 20） and Zusanli （ST 36） on the Behave of Mice and Rats in the Depression Model （Abstract）

Objective: To study the effects of acupuncture therapy on the behave of depression model.     

Comparison of protective effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36) on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced lung phenotype in rat offspringOA

Objective: To compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36) on the lung phenotype of rat offspring exposed to nicotine during the perinatal period.Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group(saline only), the model group(nicotine only), the EA group(nicotine + EA at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally), and the moxibustion group(nicotine + moxibustion at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally). n = 6 rats per group. On postnatal day...     

Effect of Tongluojiunao injection made from Sanqi （Radix Notogin- seng） and Zhizi （Fructus Gordenioe） on brain microvascular endothe- lial cells and astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model

OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of Tongluojiunao injection（TLJN） prepared with Sanqi（Radix Notoginseng） and Zhizi（Fructus Gardeniae） on the interaction between brain microvascular endothelial cells（BMECs） and astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model.METHODS： First, an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia in BMECs or astrocytes was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation（OGD）. TLJN was used as a medicine of intervention. The OGD-injuredBMECs were cultured in various astrocyte-conditioned media. Cell activity, alkaline phosphatase（AKP） and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（γ-GT） activity,interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β）, and tumor necrosis factor alpha（TNF-α） content in BMECs were determined.Additionally, OGD-injured astrocytes were cultured in various BMEC-conditioned media. Cell activity, as well as expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor（GDNF） in astrocytes, were detected.RESULTS： The results of paracrine signaling of normal BMECs or astrocytes showed a protective effect on each other： conditioned media from normal astrocytes improved cell viability, AKP, and γ-GT activity, and reduced IL-1β and TNF-α content of injured BMECs; conditioned media from normal BMECs improved cell viability and expression of BDNF and GDNF in injured astrocytes. However, once the BMECs or astrocytes were injured by OGD, the protective effect decreased or disappeared. The above-mentioned protective induction was effectively recovered by TLJN intervention.CONCLUSION： The therapeutic benefit of TLJN was achieved by recovering two-way induction between BMECs and astrocytes, enhancing activity of injured BMECs and astrocytes, stabilizing enzymatic barriers, promoting expression of neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.     

Effects of Electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu （ST 37） on lnterleukin-1β and Interleukin-4 in the Ulcerative Colitis Model Rats

Objective： To probe into the mechanisms of electroacupuncture （EA） at Shangjuxu （ST 37） for treatment of the ulcerative colitis （UC）. Methods： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： a normal group, a model group, a Shangjuxu group and a non-acupoint group, 10 rats in each group. The UC rat model was made with enema of trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid （TNBSA）, and the changes of interleuldn-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） contents after EA at Shangjuxu （ST 37） were observed. Results： EA at Shangjuxu （ST 37） could significantly decrease the IL-1β content and increase the IL-4 content in the colic tissues of the UC rats with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The mechanisms of EA at Shangjuxu （ST 37） for treatment of the UC rats is possibly related with the decrease of IL-1β, a inflammation-promoting cytokine, and the increase of IL-4, a anti-inflammatory cytokine.     

Mechanism of the Reversal Effect of Acupuncture on the Fall of Blood Pressure Induced by Angiotensin-（1-7） in the Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla of Rats

目的：研究电针逆转血管紧张素-（17）[Ang-（1—7）]在大鼠延髓尾端腹外侧区（CVLM）引起血压降低的作用机制。方法：采用中枢核团微量注射和微透析，以及高效液相色谱（HPLC）荧光检测等技术观察Ang（17）及其选择性受体拮抗剂（D-Ala7）-Ang-（1—7）（Ang-779）在大鼠CVLM引起血压改变时氨基酸类神经递质释放的变化以及电针对血压和氨基酸类递质释放的影响。结果：在CVLM微量注射Ang（1—7）可引起血压降低，同时伴该区内兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸（Glu）释放增多和抑制性氨基酸牛磺酸（Trau）释放减少；相反，在CVLM微量注射Ang779则可引起血压升高，同时伴Glu释放减少和Tau释放增多。在相当于人”足三里”穴位电针20min，可分别抑制在CVLM微量注射Ang—（1-7）或Ang779所引起的血压降低或升高，同时也能部分抵消注射Ang-（17）或Ang779所引起的Glu、Tau释放的改变。结论：电针逆转Ang（1-7）或Ang-779在CVLM引起的降压或升压作用可能与Glu、Tau释放量的改变有关。     

Effect of Ermiao Fang with Xixin（Herba Asari Mandshurici） on bone marrow stem cell directional homing to a focal zone in an osteoarthritis rat model

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Ermiao Fang（EM） with medical guide Xixin（Herba Asari Mandshurici）（HAM） on bone marrow stem cell migration to a focal zone in osteoarthritis（OA） rats.METHODS： OA rats were induced by arthrectomy and assigned to sham-operated, model, EM, or EM plus HAM groups.All rats were injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 30μg·kg-1·d-1for7 days and treated with EMor EM plus HAM at 1.6 or 1.9 g·kg-1·d-1 for 3 or 6 weeks, respectively. Chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix components were tested by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay and special staining. Levels of interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β） tumor necrosis factor alpha（TNF-α） nitric oxide（NO）, and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs）-13,tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases（TIMPs）-1,Bromodeoxyuridine（BrdU）, cluster of differentiation 34（CD34）, and stromal cell-derived factor 1（SDF-1） were measured by immunohistochemical assay.RESULTS：The EM and EM plus HAM groups had significantly less cartilage damage and synovium inflammation the model group. Moreover, the EM and EM plus HAM groups had less chondrocyte apoptosis and more proteoglycan and collagen content than the model group.The EM and EMplus HAM groups had obviously higher MMPs-13 and TIMPs-1 expression in the cartilage than the model group. Moreover, the two formula groups had less release of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and iNOS than model group. Importantly, the expressions of BrdU, CD34,and SDF-1 in cartilage were significantly higher in the EM and EM plus HAM-Medtreated rats than model group. Notably, the EM plus HAM treatment seemed to have the greatest effects.CONCLUSION： HAM improves the therapeutic effects of EM on OA rats by enhancing BMSC directional homing to the focal zone.