清丰县医疗卫生机构消毒效果调查

目的了解医疗卫生机构消毒状况,提高消毒效果和质量。方法对全县医疗卫生机构的环境物体表面、医护人员手、使用中消毒液、医疗用品、空气、压力蒸汽灭菌器、紫外线灯等进行监测。结果县属医疗机构合格率为84.50%,乡镇卫生院合格率为75.23%,个体诊所合格率为70.45%。结论清丰县卫生机构消毒效果存在的问题主要是：空气消毒、医护人员手消毒及个体诊所的医疗用品消毒,需要加强消毒质量监督监测工作。     

延安市宝塔区2007-2010年卫生医疗单位4年消毒效果动态监测结果分析

目的:为加强医疗卫生机构消毒工作的规范化管理,提高消毒灭菌质量,防止和控制院内交叉感染,为百姓提供放心医疗的良好环境.方法 :根据<消毒技术规范>和<医院消毒卫生标准>,对各类医疗单位的空气、物体表面、医护人员手、使用中的消毒液、压力蒸汽灭菌效果、紫外线消毒效果进行采样化验分析.结果 :动态监测总合格率为80.05%,物体表面、医护人员手、紫外线消毒监测合格率相对稳定,室内空气及个体诊所检测合格率偏低.监测结果显示我区各级医疗机构消毒效果总合格率排序具有市区级医院>厂矿医院>社区卫生服务中心>私立医院>乡镇卫生院>个体诊所的特点.     

尤溪县医疗卫生机构消毒效果调查

目的：了解医疗卫生机构消毒状况，提高消毒效果和质量。方法：对全县医疗卫生机构的环境物体表面、医护人员手、使用中消毒液、医疗用品、空气、压力蒸汽灭菌器、紫外线灯等进行监测。结果：县属医疗机构合格率为84．15％，乡镇卫生院合格率为76．06％，个体诊所合格率为70．45％。结论：尤溪县医疗卫生机构消毒效果存在的问题主要是：空气消毒、医护人员手消毒及个体诊所的医疗用品消毒，需加强消毒质量的监督监测工作。     

2013年玉溪市市区医疗机构消毒灭菌质量检测

目的了解玉溪市市区医疗机构消毒灭菌质量状况,为提高医疗机构消毒管理水平提供依据。方法 2013年8~11月采用现场采样和实验室检测方法,对玉溪市市区26所医疗机构的消毒灭菌效果进行检测。结果共检测395份,合格372份,总合格率94.18%。公立医院合格率95.83%,民营医院合格率93.23%(P>0.05)。各项检测对象中,公立医院的无菌器械、压力蒸汽灭菌效果、消毒内镜合格率为100.00%,物体表面和使用中消毒液合格率95.00%,医护人员手合格率94.44%,空气和紫外线灯辐照强度合格率90.00%;民营医院的物体表面、使用中消毒液、消毒内镜合格率100.00%,无菌器械、压力蒸汽灭菌效果、空气、紫外线灯辐照强度、医护人员手合格率依次为97.62%、97.22%、92.31%、87.93%、81.82%。结论玉溪市区医疗机构消毒灭菌质量总体较好,医务人员手卫生执行力有待提高。     

福州市医疗机构消毒效果监测结果报告

目的了解福州市医疗卫生单位消毒状况,为提高消毒质量和加强监督提供依据。方法依据《消毒技术规范》,对医护人员手、物体表面、空气、使用中消毒液、灭菌物品进行采样检验。结果两年监测各类样本1695份,其合格率为91.15%,压力蒸汽灭菌合格率为100%,医护人员手和空气合格率相对偏低。结论要加强医护人员的消毒知识培训和技术指导,提高消毒合格率。     

医院消毒灭菌效果的监测与分析

目的 了解各科室消毒灭菌的现状,为控制医院感染提供依据.方法 对29个临床科室的空气、使用中的消毒液、高压蒸汽灭菌效果、医护人员手和物体表面的消毒灭菌质量进行监测.结果 2006年全年空气消毒合格率为70.74%,消毒液和高压蒸汽灭菌合格率为100.00%,医护人员手和物体表面消毒合格率分别为88.03%和93.71%.结论 应加强医院消毒火菌效果的监测,充分合理地利用监测资料,及时发现医院感染的各种隐患,降低医院感染的发生率.     

固原市原州区2010年31家医疗机构消毒监测分析

目的为了解原州区医疗机构消毒效果、有效控制医院内感染、提高医院质量及科学管理水平。方法依据卫生部《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)要求,对原州区31家医院、卫生院、个体诊所室内空气、医护人员手、物体表面、紫外线灯、使用中的消毒液、压力蒸汽灭菌器、灭菌医疗用品采样进行消毒效果监测。结果共采样238份、合格167份、合格率70.17%,其中室内空气、医护人员手检测合格率相对偏低分别为28.78%、55.65%,物体表面、紫外线灯检测合格率分别为82.16%、87.10%,使用中的消毒液、压力蒸汽灭菌器、灭菌医疗用品消毒效果检测合格率均为100%。结论农村卫生院和个体诊所与区直属医院和民营医院相比消毒质量及效果差异有统计学意义,应加强医院感染管理科学规范化制度建设和医护人员消毒隔离知识培训及规范技术指导,同时建立符合实际、科学规范、切实可行的卫生监督管理体系。     

莆田市城厢区2007年医疗机构消毒监测结果分析

[目的]掌握城厢区医疗机构消毒质量情况,加强医疗卫生机构消毒工作科学化、规范化管理,提高医疗机构消毒灭菌质量。[方法]根据《消毒技术规范》和《医疗消毒卫生标准》对我区60所医疗卫生机构的消毒灭菌效果进行监测。[结果]60所医疗卫生机构消毒质量监测结果合格率:室内空气51.47%,医护人员手63.24%,物体表面66.18%,沙门菌95.59%,使用中消毒剂97.06%,压力锅灭菌98.53%,紫外线灯88.24%.器械HBsAg97.06%。[结论]我区医疗卫生机构消毒质量总体合格率一般,今后要加强医疗机构空气、医护人员手、物体表面等的薄弱环节的消毒及管理。     

深圳市龙岗区2004-2006年医院消毒效果监测结果分析

目的了解深圳市龙岗区2004-2006年各级医疗机构消毒质量情况。方法对2004-2006年深圳市龙岗区各级医疗机构的室内空气、医护人员手、物体表面、紫外线灯、使用中消毒剂、灭菌医疗用品、压力蒸汽灭菌器的消毒灭菌效果进行监测。结果室内空气、医护人员手、物体表面、紫外线灯、使用中消毒剂、灭菌医疗用品、压力蒸汽灭菌器的消毒灭菌合格率均较高,公立医疗机构比民营医院和社会医疗机构消毒效果监测合格率高。结论监测-反馈-教育-整改-监测的管理方法是预防和控制医院感染的有效途径。     

南平市2000-2004年医疗卫生机构消毒质量监测分析

[目的]为加强医疗卫生机构消毒工作科学化、规范化管理,提高医院消毒灭菌质量。[方法]根据《消毒技术规范》和《医院消毒卫生标准》对南平市20所县(市)级以上医疗卫生机构的消毒灭菌效果进行监测。[结果]5年来20所医疗卫生机构消毒总合格率88.4%,其中室内空气合格率51.2%~89.3%;物体表面90.3%~96.5%;医护人员手77.6%~98.7%;使用中消毒剂94.0%~99.2%;紫外线灯91.1%~100%;压力蒸汽灭菌效果全部合格。[结论]我市医疗卫生机构消毒质量呈逐年提高趋势,但消毒总体合格率较低,应加强医疗卫生机构的消毒质量的监督管理。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.