游离股薄肌移植在臂丛损伤治疗中的临床应用

目的：探讨游离股薄肌移植在臂丛损伤治疗中的疗效。方法：对47例臂丛根性损伤患者行71次吻合血管、神经的游离股薄肌移植重建上肢主要功能,术后随访观察功能恢复情况。结果：随访32例患者,26例恢复屈肘、伸指、伸拇功能,肌力M3-M4级;18例恢复屈指、屈拇功能,肌力M3-M4级;2例恢复伸肘功能,肌力M3级;4例屈指、屈拇肌力M1级。结论：吻合血管、神经的游离股薄肌移植是治疗臂丛神经根性损伤的有效手术方法。     

臂丛神经上干损伤的屈肘功能重建体会

目的:探讨臂丛神经上干根性撕脱伤后重建屈肘功能的方法。方法:对7例臂丛上干根性撕脱伤,术前EMG、MRI及全面的理学检查确诊后,或者通过术中神经探查及术中肌电检测确诊后,施行新的神经移位术:尺神经部分神经束移位至肌皮神经的肱二头肌肌支(经典的Oberlin手术),正中神经部分神经束移位至肌皮神经的肱肌肌支,施行双重移位,重建屈肘功能。术中运用电生理技术,增加手术的准确性和合理性,术后早期行理疗、功能锻炼及神经营养药物等综合措施。结果:经过术后6～28个月的随访,屈肘功能恢复满意。5例随访超过1年的患者,目标肌力均达M3以上,随访少于8个月的2例患者,目标肌力也达M1～2。结论:对臂丛上干根性撕脱伤确诊后,尺神经及正中神经部分神经束双重移位是重建屈肘功能有效的、合理的治疗方法,较之单一的尺神经部分束移位(即为传统的Oberlin术式),增加了屈肘功能的恢复效率。     

膈神经或副神经与肌皮神经缝接后的疗效分析

目的：提高神经移位的治疗效果，使关节功能尽可能的恢复。对臂丛神经根性撕脱伤患者选取最好的手术治疗手段。方法；应用显微外科技术进行膈神经与肌皮神经缝接，副神经与肌皮神经缝接。结果：随访22例患者，膈神经移位于肌皮神经后，屈肘功能恢复的有效率为80%。副神经移位于肌皮神经后，屈肘功能恢复的有效率为71.4%。结论；膈神经或副神经与肌皮神经缝接的效果。前者手术简便，效果好于后者，是目前选择移位治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的最佳移位神经。     

尺神经部分束支移位重建屈肘功能

臂丛神经损伤是常见严重损伤,尤其根性撕脱伤预后较差,以往认为是不可逆损伤,无手术指征。1987年顾玉东等报道采用多组神经移位的方法治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤,取得良好疗效。我院自2002年起,采用尺神经部分束支移位重建屈肘功能,有效率91%,优良率63.6%,现报道如下：     

正中神经部分束支移位重建屈肘功能的临床应用

目的:总结应用正中神经部分束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支重建屈肘功能的治疗效果。方法:5例臂丛神经上干根性损伤者,采用正中神经部分束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支缝合术。术中切取正中神经后内侧,横截面的1/6为移位束支。结果:术后对患肢正中神经功能的影响轻微;患者均出现手部麻木、疼痛等感觉异常,对手部肌力无明显影响。经1～3年的随访,5例患者均在10～12个月恢复了屈肘功能。根据肱二头肌肌力恢复情况及肘关节活动范围,优3例,可2例。结论:正中神经部分束支移位于肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支是治疗臂丛神经上干型根性撕脱伤、重建屈肘功能的一种简单有效、安全可靠的手术方法。     

多组神经移位治疗臂丛神经上干根性锐器伤3例分析

目的:阐明多组神经移位治疗臂丛上干根性锐器伤的疗效。方法:2005年8月-2008年6月,对3例臂丛上干根性锐器伤患者,将同侧第3、4、5肋间神经移位于腋神经,尺神经部分束支移位于肌皮神经肌支,以重建三角肌、肱二头肌功能。结果:术后随访1年以上,三角肌肌力2例恢复至M4,1例恢复至M3;肱二头肌肌力3例均恢复至M4。结论:运用同侧肋间神经、尺神经部分束支移位的方法治疗臂丛神经上干根性锐器伤,疗效较好;对呼吸运动、同侧手的功能无明显影响。     

臂丛神经上干撕脱损伤用神经束支移位重建屈肘功能的护理

我院从2005年7月~2009年12月,采用正中神经束支移位的方法,重建因臂丛神经上干或同时合并中干根性撕脱伤而丧失屈肘功能的患者10例,即应用正中神经束支移位与肱二头肌肌支吻合,以恢复肱二头肌的屈肘功能,术后随访患者屈肘功能获得较满意效果。现将有关手术前后护理体会报道如下。     

神经移位行陈旧性颈髓损伤四肢瘫的上肢功能重建（初步报告）

目的：重建陈旧性颈部脊髓损伤四肢瘫患者的部分上肢感觉、运动功能。方法：反复详细的术前检查，确定可供移位的颈丛神经支、副神经周围支及臂丛上干、中干（C5-C7）的各神经和拟被吻接的神经。（1）C5平面脊髓损伤者（无屈肘功能者）以副神经移位C6，颈丛移位至C7行端侧法缝接重建屈肘及上肢部分感觉功能。术后于头偏向患侧对肩位固定上肢3周。（2）C6平面截瘫（即残存肩部运动和屈肘功能者），将副神经周围支、颈丛锁骨上神经、胸外侧神经之一支于其远端切断后移位汇合于锁骨下方，与切断部分神经束的臂丛内侧束和正中神经内侧根（胸外侧神经支、颈丛神经支与内侧束，副神经支与正中神经内侧根）行束、外膜联合缝合，长度不够者以腓肠神经移植桥接。（3）C7平面（手的运动功能大部分丧失，环小指感觉障碍，伸肘、伸腕功能基本正常者）将胸外侧神经支与尺神经吻接，桡神经浅支之一支与尺神经浅支吻接。（4）C8平面（手内在肌功能丧失，小指和环指尺侧半感觉丧失）骨间前神经移位尺神经深支，桡神经浅支移位尺神经浅支。（5）对不完性颈髓损伤，上肢功能恢复无确定平面而呈不规则者，如胸大肌肌力恢复达4级以上而无屈肘功能者，采用胸内侧神经主支移位肌皮神经术。对正中神经和桡神经功能恢复良好而尺神经功能完全丧失者，采用骨间前伸经吻接尺神经深支，桡神经浅支移位吻接尺神经浅支术。对肩胛上、下神经功能恢复良好而腋神经支配之三角肌瘫痪者采用肩胛下神经移位吻接腋神经术。结果：6例患者于术后18个月-4年均恢复了被吻接神经的部分感觉、运动功能，4/6的肌力恢复达到3-4级，感觉达S3级。对术前瘫痪肌群呈痉挛性者，由于被吻接神经仅被切断了部分神经束，保存了肌张力，尽管术后肌肉主动收缩肌力低于3级，但当其主动收缩与痉挛同步时亦可完成有效的运动功能（如肱二头肌的屈肘）。待被重建功能恢复后再行后期的肌腱转位术、神经侧侧吻接术等，可进一步改善上肢功能。结论：神经移位术是重建四肢瘫患者上肢功能的有效方法。由于其瘫痪为痉挛性肌肉萎缩轻，所以效果优于同样方法用于臂丛神经根性撕脱伤者。     

神经移位治疗全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤

全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤是一种极为严重的损伤，临床上并不多见。由于损伤后肩胛带以下的肌肉麻痹，使上肢的功能完全丧失，严重影响病人的工作和生活。如何恢复全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤病人的功能一直是广大骨科医生不断思考和研究的课题，可以说到目前为止还没有很好的解决方法。开展以     

臂丛神经损伤神经束支移位术围手术期的护理

我院从2002年1月至2006年12月采用神经束支移位的方法治疗臂丛神经上、中干根性撕脱伤,通过加强围手术期心理护理及功能锻炼,获得了较满意的效果。现将护理体会总结报告如下。1临床资料本组10例臂丛神经根性损伤病例,男8例,女2例,年龄22~56岁。其中包括C5、C6根性损伤或全臂丛神经不全损伤。供体神经选用正中神经5例、尺神经4例、腓肠神经1例。术后随访时间10~60个月,平均35个月。本组10例,术后恢复屈肘功能8例,有效率达80%;另2例患者不知如何用力使肱二头肌产生收缩活动,导致手术失败。2护理措施2.1术前护理(1)心理护理。由于臂丛神经损伤…     

MICROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS IRREVERSIBLE AVULSION

A new combined measure of nerve transfer, including antebrachial medial cutaneous nerve, and free musculocutaneous flap transfer was applied to the treatment of irreversible avulsion of the brachial plexus. 12 patients underwent this operation for restoring elbow and finger flexion. Good result was obtained in 71% for elbow and 60% for finger flexion restoration. The definition of irreversible avulsion and the methods, key points and value of the operation are described and discussed in detail.     

尺神经部分转位肌皮神经对臂丛损伤屈肘功能恢复的观察

目的探讨部分尺神经转位肌皮神经二头肌支重建臂丛神经损伤屈肘功能的临床疗效。方法埘5例臂丛神经止中干损伤的患者（早期2例,晚期3例）采用部分尺神经转位肌皮神经二头肌支手术,随访6～18月（分别于伤后6、8、12、13、18个月实施手术）。术后持续性进行肱二头肌肌动、肘关节屈曲肌力、手内肌握力、尺神经支配区感觉测试。结果所有病例都恢复了肘关节的屈曲功能（肱二头肌肌力均恢复到3级以上）。2例早期病例术后1周内出现肱二头肌主动收缩,肘关节主动屈曲功能正常恢复时间平均6月,平均肌力恢复4^＋级。3例晚期病例术后平均3个月出现肱二头肌收缩,肘关节主动屈曲功能正常恢复时间平均10个月,平均肌力恢复3^＋级。3例术后出现尺神经支配区感觉减退,1月后自动恢复。结论部分尺神经转位肌皮神经二头肌支手术是治疗臂丛神经上中干损伤,快速确效恢复肘关节主动屈曲功能的优良方式。     

人发角蛋白人工肌腱移植治疗晚期上臂丛根性撕脱伤

①目的　探讨人发角蛋白人工肌腱移植在治疗晚期上臂丛根性撕脱伤,重建肩外展及屈肘功能中应用的意义。②方法　肩外展功能重建的动力肌用斜方肌,屈肘功能重建的动力肌用胸大肌,中间肌腱缺损处用人发角蛋白人工肌腱桥接;术后患肢石膏制动４２ｄ．③结果　１６ 例手术全部成功,术后随访患肢肩外展功能恢复优良率为８７．５％ ,屈肘为９３．７％ ．④结论　应用人发角蛋白人工肌腱移植治疗晚期上臂丛根性撕脱伤效果较好。     

Repair of brachial plexus lower trunk injury by transferring brachialis muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve: anatomic feasibility and clinical trials

Background There are few effective methods for treating injuries to the lower trunk of brachial plexus, and the curative effect is usually poor. The purpose of this study was to provide anatomic references for transferring the brachialis muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve （BMBMCN） for selective neurotization of finger flexion in brachial plexus lower trunk injury, and to evaluate its clinical curative effects.
Methods Microanatomy and measurement were done on 50 limbs from 25 adult human cadavers to observe the origin, branch, type of the BMBMCN and median nerve, as well as their adjacent structures. Internal topographic features of the fascicular groups of the median nerve at the level of the BMBMCN were observed. In addition, the technique of BMBMCN transfer for selective neurotization of finger flexion of the median nerve was designed and tested in 6 fresh adult human cadavers. Acetylcholinesterase （AchE） staining of the BMBMCN and median nerve was done to observe the features of the nerve fibers. This technique was clinically tried to restore digital flexion in 6 cases of adult brachial plexus lower trunk injury. These cases were followed up for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively. Recovery of function, grip strength, nerve electrophysiology and muscle power of the affected limbs were observed and measured.
Results The brachialis muscle was totally innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve （MCN）. Based on the Hunter＇s line, the level of the origin of the BMBMCN was （13.18±.2.77）cm. Ache histochemical staining indicated that the BMBMCN were totally made up of medullated nerve fibers. At the level of the BMBMCN, the median nerve consistently collected into three fascicular groups as shown by microanatomy in combination with Ache stain. The posterior fascicular group was mainly composed of anterior interosseous nerves and branches to the palmaris Iongus. The technique was tested in six fresh cadavers successfully, except that stoma split occurred in one case. Five of the six cases reco     

Cervical nerve root transfer from contralateral normal side for treatment of brachial plexus root avulsions.

The authors had designed cervical root nerve transfer from the contralateral normal side for the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsions in August 1986. Since then, the operation was performed in 50 cases. Follow-up studies showed that resection of C-7 root from the healthy side produced no long-term ill effect except numbness and pain of the fingers and weakness of gripping strength shortly after the procedure. In 10 recipient nerves of 9 cases with follow-ups of more than 2 years, satisfactory results were seen in 7. This is a new approach for the treatment of persistent cases of brachial plexus avulsion.

     

Root avulsion of brachial plexus in infants and children.

Twenty-one patients, under 6 years of age, with root avulsion of the brachial plexus were treated from 1975 to 1987. Among them, 9 had root avulsion of the upper trunk, 2 root avulsion of the lower trunk with middle trunk broken, and 10 root avulsion of the whole brachial plexus. Follow-up of 16 patients showed excellent results in 2 patients, good in 11, fair in 1 and poor in 2. It is suggested that good results can be obtained if multi-paired nerve transfer is adopted in treatment. We conclude that owing to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory system in children, it is harmful to perform phrenic nerve transfer concomitantly with intercostal nerve transfer. Advisably, two-stage operation is required, otherwise dyspnea and pneumonia are liable to occur. In addition, the time of the operation could be extended to 4-5 years after injury in children, but best results are obtained if the operation is performed within 1 year.

     

49例全臂丛根性损伤修复的手术治疗

目的:总结臂丛神经根性损伤的手术治疗经验,讨论影响臂丛神经根性损伤临床疗效的因素。方法:回顾1991～2007年收治的68例全臂丛根性损伤患者,采用多组神经移位、神经桥接术等手术方法。结果:术后获得随访的49例病人中,术后功能恢复至M4S57例,M3S414例,M2S217例,M1S111例;臂丛神经完全根性撕脱伤手术优良率40.8%。结论:术前准确诊断损伤性质及部位,术中精细操作是臂丛神经功能恢复的关键,对年轻患者应尽可能早期行手术修复。