硝化甘油对作业男工生殖功能的影响

为了解硝化甘油对作业男工生殖功能的影响，采用职业流行病学调查的方法，对４８名硝化甘油作业男工的生殖功能进行了研究。结果表明，接触组性欲减退人数明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），每周性交次数明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；接触组男工睾酮浓度为１７．２３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，比对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；接触组男工精子畸形率（１８．７８％）比对照组（１４．７５％）显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。精子畸形分类显示，精子头部畸形明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；接触组男工精子活力分级与对照组相比，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；接触组男工妻子的自然流产率、死产数与对照组相比，差异未见显著性。提示：硝化甘油对作业男工生殖功能有一定影响。     

父母接触汞蒸气对子代智力发育影响的研究

用美国丹佛智力筛查法（ＤＤＳＴ），调查父母接触汞蒸气的子女（６岁以下）１５６人，对照组４８人。父母作业环境汞蒸气浓度：平均０．０１８５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３（范围０．００１－０．０６０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）。在动作能，应物能，言评语能和应人能四个检测项目中，父母接汞组儿童智力发育水平低于对照组，其中应物能最敏感。尿汞高于０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的儿童智力发育延长率比尿汞低于０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的儿童高，说明儿童体内汞负荷与智…     

低浓度金属汞危害的职业流行病学研究

在控制影响评估的混杂和／或干扰因素和规定了相应的各变量和判别标准,对五个地区６个生产体温计和荧光灯管工厂进行了十余年的作业环境空气汞蒸气和检测,以及历年的职业健康监护结果,与相应的对照工人作比较;讨论了金属汞接触水平与汞危害（包括女工月经和生殖结局）之间关系。主要结果表明;接汞水平相当于０．０３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,尿汞水平低于０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,长期接触后轻度汞中毒的发生率为１．９％,不致引起女工月经和生     

不育症木工精液的对照分析

本文对从事木工作业的３６名不育症患者和３３名作为对照的非木工作业的不育症患者的精液进行了分析，结果表明：１．木工不育症患者的精液量、精子密度、精子活率、畸形率与对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）；２．吸烟组精子密度、精液量、精子活率和果糖含量比少吸或不吸烟组低（Ｐ〈０．０５），精子畸形与吸烟无关；３．本工组的精细胞总的核异常率、核碎解率和其它核异常率明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），而精细胞微核     

铝对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响

目的评价职业性铝接触对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响。方法对３３名铝作业工人和４０名对照工人进行研究。作业环境空气铝的测定用原子吸收仪，尿中高香草酸和香草扁桃酸及血清和尿铝的测定用高效液相色谱仪，神经行为功能测试采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心测试组合。结果作业环境铝的时间加权几何平均浓度为０．９５ｍｇ／ｍ３（０．３１～４．１２ｍｇ／ｍ３），铝作业工人尿铝平均水平显著高于对照工人（分别为１２．２５μｇ／Ｌ和５．７８μｇ／Ｌ），但血清铝水平与对照工人差异未见显著性；铝作业工人尿中的高香草酸和香草扁桃酸水平均较高，且香草扁桃酸水平显著高于对照工人；神经行为功能测试发现，接触工人的手提转捷度、数字译码和视觉保留测试项目得分与对照工人比较差异有显著性。结论提示职业性低浓度接触铝可影响神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢。     

镍对作业工人脂质过氧化损伤及硒的保护效果观察

测定９６名镍作业工人血清硒（Ｓｅ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量分别为１．２２±０．２３和４．７６±０．８８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与地区对照组（２５名非镍作业人员）的结果（分别为１．４４±０．１９和３．０６±０．７１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）相比，血清Ｓｅ水平降低，ＭＤＡ含量显著增高，提示镍对作业工人的脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）可能有损伤作用；将镍作业工人分为补硒组和平行对照组观察，结果补硒组在补硒后６和１２个月时血清Ｓｅ水平分别增至１．３２±０．１４和１．６２±０．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＭＤＡ含量降至３．９１±０．４７和３．３４±０．５２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而平行对照组无明显变化，表明补硒对镍致作业工人的ＬＰＯ损伤作用有较好的拮抗或防护效果。     

不育症木工精液的对照分析

本文对从事木工作业的３６名不育症患者和３３名作为对照的非木工作业的不育症患者的精液进行了分析，结果表明：１．木工不育症患者的精液量、精子密度、精子活率、畸形率与对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；２．吸烟组精子密度、精液量、精子活率和果糖含量比少吸或不吸烟组低（Ｐ＜０．０５），精子畸形与吸烟无关；３．木工组的精细胞总的核异常率、核碎解率和其它核异常率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而精细胞微核率、核空泡率及核桥率在两组间无显著性差异。     

汞作业工人神经行为功能的研究

对某金矿工人１９９人（对照组１０８人）进行的神经行为功能研究表明：接触组情绪状况得分（除有力－好动一项）和其余各项行为学指标得分均低于对照组。且随接触汞浓度增加，大多数行为功能得分呈递减趋势。在较低汞浓度接触组（平均为０．０１１４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）神经行为功能得分明显低于对照组。尿汞含量〈４９．８５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的汞作业工人神经行为异常人数明显高于对照组。提示：长期职业接触汞蒸气在未引起明显的临床损害之     

低浓度锰暴露对工人心血管功能的影响

为明确低水平锰暴露是否损害工人心血管功能,对３６名锰作业工人和３６名对照工人的心率、心电图和血压进行了调查。结果表明,作业环境空气中ＭｎＯ２几何平均浓度为０．０７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３（０．０２～０．２９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,样品超标率１１．１％）;接触组及其女工亚组心率明显加快,Ｐ－Ｒ间期明显缩短（Ｐ〈０．０５）。与５年前的体检资料相比较（自身对照）,接触组ＱＲＳ波明显变宽,Ｔ波明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示低水     

锰及电焊作业男工精液质量的研究

为研究锰及电焊作业对男工生殖机能的影响，对３１０名男工精液进行研究，其中职业接触锰及电焊烟尘者２１１名，对照组９９名。车间空气中ＭｎＯ２和电焊尘浓度分别为０．１４～５．５ｍｇ／ｍ３和６．５～８２．３ｍｇ／ｍ３。电焊工精浆Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ和Ｆｅ比对照组明显增高。接触组精液液化时间较对照组明显延长，精液量、精子数、精子活力和活动精子百分率比对照组明显降低。逐步回归分析结果表明，锰可造成作业男工精子直接毒作用     

三硝基甲苯对男工生殖功能某些影响的研究

1990年对TNT接触男工进行横断面调查,发现接触者精液量显著减少,精子活动率<60％者显著增多,精子形态异常率也显著增加;接触者血清睾酮含量明显降低;自诉性功能降低,这些结果与动物实验基本一致。     

硼暴露对男性精液质量影响

目的 研究硼暴露对男性精液质量的影响。方法 选择硼暴露组、社区对照组和背影对照组3组样本。进行精液分析。采用聚类分析法对精液的11个指标按性质相似程度分成若干类，用一组少量的指标代替原来的多个指标。新形成的指标既减少了变量个数，又综合反映了原多个指标变量中所包含的主要信息。通过研究硼暴露对新形成指标的影响可综合评价硼暴露对精液质量的影响。结果 变量聚类得到4个类成分指标，分别代表精子数量、精子活力、精子运动速度和精子直线运动能力；暴露组、社区对照组与背影对照组间的4个类成分指标差异无统计学意义。结论 硼暴露剂量13-430mg／d条件下，未发现硼暴露对精液质量造成负面影响。     

Contrasting associations of blood and semen lead concentrations with semen quality among lead smelter workers

While blood lead concentration has been inversely associated with indicators of reproductive health in occupationally exposed male workers, the utility of lead concentration in semen as an indicator of lead exposure to the male reproductive system has not been fully explored. Blood and semen lead concentrations from 81 lead smelter workers were examined in relation to semen quality and endocrine function parameters. Mean blood and semen lead concentrations were 22.8 μg/dl (range 5–58) and 1.9 μg/dl (range 0.1–17.6), respectively. Total sperm count and concentration decreased with increasing blood lead concentration; p for trend was 0.003 and 0.009, respectively. Semen lead concentration was inversely related to total sperm count (p = 0.05), ejaculate volume (p = 0.001), and serum testosterone (p = 0.004), but not to sperm concentration. The association between semen lead concentration and total sperm count was eliminated when volume was included in the model. Blood lead concentration was more consistently associated with indicators of sperm production than was semen lead. In contrast, semen lead concentration was negatively associated with circulating testosterone concentrations. Our findings indicate that measurement of semen lead may not be a valuable adjunct to conventional blood lead monitoring for investigations of male reproductive system toxicity. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:464–469, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Indirect fertility analysis in painters exposed to ethylene glycol ethers: sensitivity and specificity

Semen analysis has proven useful in the clinical diagnosis of infertility and is the most widely used method of monitoring the effects of occupational exposure on male fertility. Collection and analysis of semen samples in a field setting, however, require a highly motivated population and excellent technical resources, limiting the widespread application of the method. Techniques of monitoring male worker fertility using questionnaires to avoid some of the difficulties of semen analysis have been developed. These methods compare the rate of observed births for wives of workers with expected birth rates derived either from U.S. fertility tables or from unexposed workers. The present study compares the sensitivity of this questionnaire method with that of semen analysis in an evaluation of reproductive function in men exposed to ethylene glycol ethers. The reproductive function of 74 married painters exposed to ethylene glycol ethers was compared with that of 51 married controls employed at a shipyard. The groups differed in sperm count, but the questionnaire method showed no effect of exposure on fertility. This analysis suggests that the questionnaire assessment of fertility is less sensitive than semen analysis as a screening tool for male reproductive function.     

苯系混合物对男工精液质量的影响

为了解苯系混合物对男性生殖机能的影响，对从事制鞋、油（喷）漆等接触苯系物的２４名男工的精液质量进行了调查。结果表明：在作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度超过国家卫生标准的情况下，部分工人的血液、精液中可检测出苯系物，而对照组未检出。苯系物对男工精液质量有一定影响，表现为精液液化时间异常（＞３０分钟）的百分比例增高，精子活率、活力则下降。同时，精液液化时间与精浆中甲苯水平呈正相关，而精子活率、活力则与工龄呈负相关。提示：接触苯系物使作业男工的精液质量和精子质量均受到损伤。     

Effect of benzene, toluene, xylene on the semen quality and the function of accessory gonad of exposed workers

The effects on semen and the function of accessory gonad of workers after short and long term exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene were examined. The semen and blood of 24 married workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene were collected. Routine sperm characteristic, acrosin activity, and Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) relative activity were detected. The results showed that benzene, toluene, and xylene were found in the blood and semen of some ex-workers at workplaces where the air concentration of benzene, toluene, and xylene exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). No such solvents were detected in the blood and semen of workers of the control group. The sperm vitality and sperm motility decreased in the exposed workers. The mean acrosin activity, gamma-GT activity and LDH-C4 relative activity in the exposed workers were lower, and fructose concentration was higher than those in the control. There were negative correlations between sperm vitality, sperm activity, acrosin activity, or LDH-C4 relative activity and working history. These results suggest that the mixture of these solvents could affect the sperm and the function of accessory gonad. This might be one reason of the abnormal pregnancy outcome among the wives of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene.     

汞蒸气对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性研究

实验小鼠每天暴露于汞蒸气中染毒２ｈ，每周６天，连续２个月。结果发现，汞在睾丸组织呈现一定的蓄积作用。睾丸组织形态学观察发现，染毒组出现曲细精管层次紊乱、层次减少以及退行性变等病理变化。血清睾酮含量降低，与对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。睾丸及附睾乳酸脱氢酶同功酶Ｘ相对含量，各剂量组对照组比无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。染毒组精子精量减少、活动能力下降、畸形率增高，０．１４６和０．３３８ｍｇ     

Semen quality and sex hormones among mild steel and stainless steel welders: a cross sectional study.

Welding may be detrimental to the male reproductive system. To test this hypothesis, semen quality was examined in 35 stainless steel welders, 46 mild steel welders, and 54 non-welding metal workers and electricians. These figures represent a participation rate of 37.1% in welders and 36.7% in non-welding subjects. The mean exposure to welding fume particulates was 1.3 mg/m3 (SD 0.8) in stainless steel welders using tungsten inert gas, 3.2 mg/m3 (SD 1.0) in low exposed mild steel welders using manual metal arc or metal active gas (n = 31), and 4.7 mg/m3 (SD 2.1) in high exposed mild steel welders (n = 15). The semen quality of each participant was defined in terms of the mean values of the particular semen parameters in three semen samples delivered at monthly intervals in a period with occupational exposure in a steady state. The sperm concentration was not reduced in either mild steel or stainless steel welders. The sperm count per ejaculate, the proportion of normal sperm forms, the degree of sperm motility, and the linear penetration rate of the sperm were significantly decreased and the sperm concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was non-significantly increased in mild steel welders. A dose response relation between exposure to welding fumes and these semen parameters (sperm count excepted) was found. Semen quality decreased and FSH concentrations increased with increasing exposure. Significant deteriorations in some semen parameters were also observed in stainless steel welders. An analysis of information from questionnaires obtained from the whole population including subjects who declined to participate indicated an underestimation of effects due to selection bias. Potential confounding was treated by restriction and statistical analysis. The results support the hypothesis that mild steel welding and to a lesser extent stainless steel welding with tungsten inert gas is associated with reduced semen quality at exposure in the range of the Danish process specific threshold limit values of welding.     

Semen quality and sex hormones among mild steel and stainless steel welders: a cross sectional study

Welding may be detrimental to the male reproductive system. To test this hypothesis, semen quality was examined in 35 stainless steel welders, 46 mild steel welders, and 54 non-welding metal workers and electricians. These figures represent a participation rate of 37.1% in welders and 36.7% in non-welding subjects. The mean exposure to welding fume particulates was 1.3 mg/m3 (SD 0.8) in stainless steel welders using tungsten inert gas, 3.2 mg/m3 (SD 1.0) in low exposed mild steel welders using manual metal arc or metal active gas (n = 31), and 4.7 mg/m3 (SD 2.1) in high exposed mild steel welders (n = 15). The semen quality of each participant was defined in terms of the mean values of the particular semen parameters in three semen samples delivered at monthly intervals in a period with occupational exposure in a steady state. The sperm concentration was not reduced in either mild steel or stainless steel welders. The sperm count per ejaculate, the proportion of normal sperm forms, the degree of sperm motility, and the linear penetration rate of the sperm were significantly decreased and the sperm concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was non-significantly increased in mild steel welders. A dose response relation between exposure to welding fumes and these semen parameters (sperm count excepted) was found. Semen quality decreased and FSH concentrations increased with increasing exposure. Significant deteriorations in some semen parameters were also observed in stainless steel welders. An analysis of information from questionnaires obtained from the whole population including subjects who declined to participate indicated an underestimation of effects due to selection bias. Potential confounding was treated by restriction and statistical analysis. The results support the hypothesis that mild steel welding and to a lesser extent stainless steel welding with tungsten inert gas is associated with reduced semen quality at exposure in the range of the Danish process specific threshold limit values of welding.     

六价铬男性生殖毒性的初步探讨

目的 探讨六价铬的男性生殖毒性,方法 采用职业流行病学调查与相关实验室检查相结合的方法观察铬作业男工精液,精子形态,测定精浆锌,血铬,精浆铬,黄体生成激素（ＬＨ）和促卵泡成熟激素（ＦＳＨ）的改变。结果 铬作业（ＣｒＯ３Ｘ＝０．０１９５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）男工组精子数（５２．２１±４５．５１）×１０＾９／Ｌ,显低于对照组（８８．９６±７４．８２）×１０＾９／Ｌ,精浆锌（４８１１．８５±１４０１．８８）μ