High-Flow Renal Arteriovenous Fistula Treated with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug: Implementation of an Arterial and Venous Approach

We present a 28-year-old man with a large symptomatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) treated with embolization using the Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP). Although embolization may be considered the first-line therapy in the treatment of AVFs, there is an inherent high risk of migration of the embolic agents into the venous and pulmonary circulations. This case is illustrative of the ease and safety of using this device in high-flow renal AVFs.     

Percutaneous Transcatheter Embolization of a Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug

Percutaneous transcatheter embolization has become the treatment of choice for pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs), in most cases replacing surgical intervention. However, while "classic" devices, such as intravascular coils and detachable balloons, have proved to be successful for interventional occlusions of small or medium-sized PAVFs, they are not ideal in larger fistulas because of the risk for embolization to the systemic circulation. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman with a symptomatic huge solitary pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (4.5 cm in diameter), occupying part of the lung in the lower right lobe with two feeding arteries (10 and 4 mm in diameter, respectively), who underwent successful transcatheter closure with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug, a new device designed for the occlusion of vascular abnormalities.     

血管内支架治疗颈动脉及椎动脉狭窄的20例临床分析

目的探讨血管内支架治疗颈动脉及椎动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。资料与方法对20例颈、椎动脉狭窄行颈动脉球囊扩张及支架成形术(CAS)治疗的患者作回顾性分析,对临床表现、治疗方法及治疗前后的影像资料改变进行分析。结果 20例患者行CAS治疗,共成功放置支架22枚,11例采用颈动脉保护装置。术前干预血管平均狭窄度(76.2±11.4)%,术后支架膨胀不满意采用球囊后扩者3例。术后造影显示15例残余狭窄度<10%,4例<20%,仅1例<38%,术后平均狭窄度(12.4±8.2)%。治疗前后狭窄度比较有显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。随访平均(12.3±5.6)个月,7例支架术后6个月发现支架有不同程度再狭窄,但再狭窄率均未超过30%,均无神经系统症状。结论血管内支架治疗颈动脉及椎动脉狭窄是安全和有效的,近期随访无严重再狭窄(>50%)及颅内严重并发症发生。     

Treatment of an Iatrogenic Left Internal Mammary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula with a Bovine Pericardium Covered Stent

We report a case with an acquired fistula between the left internal mammary artery and the pulmonary artery following coronary bypass surgery treated with a bovine pericardium covered stent. We also reviewed similar cases reported previously.     

Pseudoaneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery: Treatment with a Covered Stent

Dissection of the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery may occur spontaneously or after trauma. We report the management of a 53-year-old right-handed man with progressive dizziness and neck pain 6 weeks after a motor vehicle collision. The clinical and neurologic examinations were normal. The CT scan led to the diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm of the right internal carotid artery near the skull base. We successfully treated this post-traumatic lesion with a covered stent. The patient underwent the endovascular procedure under general anesthesia and transcranial Doppler monitoring. No neurologic event was observed. Obliteration of the pseudoaneurysm with preservation of the carotid artery was achieved. The patient was discharged from the hospital 72 hr later with no complications. Clinical and imaging follow-up at 6 months was unremarkable.     

Amplatzer封堵器栓塞肺血管瘘道畸形

目的 评价Amplatzer封堵器作为新型栓塞材料在治疗肺血管瘘道畸形的临床价值。方法 肺血管瘘道畸形5例,包括肺动静脉瘘4例与肺动脉左房瘘1例,采用Amplatzer封堵器对供血动脉行经导管封堵治疗。结果 5例栓塞均获得技术成功,未见封堵器脱落移位,局部右向左分流消失,股动脉血氧饱和度由术前78.2％上升至术后94.5％。结论 Amplatzer封堵器用于肺血管瘘道畸形的经导管治疗安全可靠,近期疗效满意。     

Combined endoscopic and percutaneous treatment of a duodenocutaneous fistula using an Amplatzer septal occluder

We describe an innovative interventional technique for the repair of a postoperative enterocutaneous fistula (ECF). In the reported case, surgical repair of the ECF was contraindicated, while endoscopic closure was unsuccessful. Correction of this high-outflow fistula was achieved using an Amplatzer septal occluder, which was deployed under simultaneous fluoroscopic and endoscopic guidance. The use of an Amplatzer septal occluder should be taken into consideration when there is a need to treat high-outflow ECF in patients who cannot undergo surgery.     

Transcatheter Embolization of a Renal Arteriovenous Fistula Complicated by an Aneurysm of the Feeding Renal Artery

Renal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is rare. Renal AVF complicated by aneurysm of the feeding artery presents a technical challenge for endovascular treatment. We report a case managed by covered stenting of the renal artery aneurysm, coil embolization of the fistula, and bare stenting of the aorta.     

Willis覆膜支架在颈内动脉海绵窦瘘中的应用

目的 评价应用Willis覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的价值.方法 2014年1月至2015年7月本院采用Willis覆膜支架治疗CCF 7例,分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 7例患者共置入Willis覆膜支架7枚.均一次成功置入支架,术后即刻血管造影显示病变完全消失,责任动脉通畅.7例随访6例临床症状逐渐好转,无手术相关并发症,术后半年行全脑血管造影复查5例,结果显示病变消失,责任动脉均保持通畅.结论 Willis覆膜支架治疗CCF成功率高,疗效好,并发症少,可作为可脱球囊栓塞失败患者的替代治疗方法.但仍需更长期的随访和大样本多中心研究.     

Endovascular Recanalization of a Thrombosed Native Arteriovenous Fistula Complicated with an Aneurysm: Technical Aspects and Outcomes

Objective

To evaluate the technical aspects and outcomes of endovascular recanalization of a thrombosed native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complicated with an aneurysm.

Materials and Methods

Sixteen patients who had a thrombosed AVF complicated with an aneurysm (two radiocephalic and 14 brachiocephalic) were included in this study. Recanalization procedures were performed by mechanical thrombectomy using the Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombectomy device and adjunctive treatments. We evaluated dose of thrombolytic agent, underlying stenosis, procedure time, technical and clinical success, and complications. The primary and secondary patency rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

The thrombolytic agents used were 100000 U urokinase mixed with 500 IU heparin (n = 10) or a double dose of the mixture (n = 6). The thrombi in aneurysms were removed in all but two patients with non-flow limiting residual thrombi. One recanalization failure occurred due to a device failure. Aspiration thrombectomy was performed in 87.5% of cases (n = 14). Underlying stenoses were found in the outflow draining vein (n = 16), arteriovenous anastomosis or juxtaanastomosis area (n = 5), and the central vein (n = 3). Balloon angioplasty was performed for all stenoses in 15 patients. Two patients with a symptomatic central vein stenosis underwent insertion of a stent after balloon angioplasty. Mean procedure time was 116.3 minutes. Minor extravasation (n = 1) was resolved by manual compression. Both technical and clinical success rates were 93.8% (n = 15). The primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%, 54.8%, and 31.3%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%, 70.5%, and 47.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Thrombosed AVF complicated with an aneurysm can be successfully recanalized, and secondary patency can be prolonged with endovascular treatment.     

An Arteriovenous Fistula Between the Internal Mammary Artery and the Pulmonary Vein Following Blunt Chest Trauma

A 67-year-old man suffered a traffic accident and was transferred to an emergency hospital close to the scene. He was diagnosed to have bilateral pneumohemothorax with a lung contusion, an anterior fracture dislocation of the C6-vertebra and a cervical cord injury at the level of C7. On the 48th day, massive hemoptysis was suddenly recognized. He was transferred in a state of shock to our hospital to undergo hemostasis for the bleeding. On the day of admission, a selective arteriogram showed extravasation from the left bronchial artery, for which embolization was carried out using Gelfoam. In spite of this treatment, his hemoptysis continued. On the next day, a selective left internal mammary arteriogram showed an arteriovenous fistula between the left internal mammary artery and the left pulmonary vein without any apparent extravasation. The arteriovenous fistula was successfully embolized using platinum fiber coils. The patient no longer demonstrated any hemoptysis after embolization.     

Arteriovenous fistula of the internal maxillary artery in a child: case report

Summary Direct arteriovenous fistulae supplied by the external carotid artery are unusual. Rarely, congenital fistulae have been described involving the head and neck. We describe the first case of congenital internal maxillary arteriovenous fistula in a child. Balloon embolization is currently considered the method of choice for treatment of direct arteriovenous fistula.     

生物可降解镁合金覆膜支架治疗兔颈内动脉动脉瘤的可行性分析

目的 研究具有生物降解特性的镁合金覆膜支架对于兔颈内动脉动脉瘤治疗的可行性.方法 利用40只新西兰大白兔建立颈内动脉动脉瘤模型,分别使用Willis覆膜支架和镁合金覆膜支架植入对实验兔进行治疗.定期对植入支架的实验兔进行血管造影检查和钼靶检查,观察植入支架后动脉瘤的情况、颈内动脉的情况和支架的降解程度.结果 所有大白兔造模成功,20只大白兔植入了Willis覆膜支架,20只大白兔植入了镁合金覆膜支架.血管造影检查结果显示,植入支架后40只大白兔的动脉瘤均显示为腔闭塞状态,且动脉瘤所处的颈内动脉通畅;3个月后植入镁合金覆膜支架的20只大白兔的动脉瘤均显示为腔闭塞状态且颈内动脉通畅,而植入Willis覆膜支架的19只正常,1只大白兔颈内动脉呈现出闭塞状态;植入1年后19只大白兔动脉瘤治愈,1只大白兔的颈内动脉闭塞未完全痊愈.钼靶检查结果显示镁合金覆膜支架具有生物降解的特性,随着时间的延长而降解,而Willis覆膜支架并不随着时间延长而降解.结论 具有生物降解特性的镁合金覆膜支架治疗兔颈内动脉动脉瘤较传统治疗方式具有更好的疗效.     

颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI诊断价值

目的:探讨CT和MRI对颅内动静脉瘘的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析18例颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI表现。18例均经DSA检查明确诊断。其中12例行CT检查;16例行MRI检查,同期6例行MRA检查。结果:颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI的特征性表现为脑沟、脑裂、基底池内血管影增粗、增多,呈散在分布,受累及的静脉窦增粗,且病变区没有畸形血管团。海绵窦硬脑膜动静脉瘘在T2WI上表现为局部流空信号增宽,MRA原始图像显示局部有较丰富的异常纤细血流信号。结论:认识颅内动静脉瘘的CT和MRI表现,有助于早期诊断及治疗。MRI对显示软脑膜血管扩张优于CT。选择性脑血管造影是确诊本病的可靠手段。     

Medical Therapy for Asymptomatic Patients and Stent Placement for Symptomatic Patients Presenting with Carotid Artery Near-Occlusion with Full Collapse

Purpose

To report long-term results of stent placement and medical therapy for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively, with carotid artery near-occlusion with full collapse.

Flow Velocities After Carotid Artery Stenting: Impact of Stent Design. A Fluid Dynamics Study in a Carotid Artery Model with Laser Doppler Anemometry

Purpose To study the influence of a newly developed membrane stent design on flow patterns in a physiologic carotid artery model.Methods Three different stents were positioned in silicone models of the carotid artery: a stainless steel stent (Wall-stent), a nitinol stent (SelfX), and a nitinol stent with a semipermeable membrane (MembraX). To increase the contact area of the membrane with the vessel wall, another MembranX model was modified at the outflow tract. The membrane consists of a biocompatible silicone-polyurethane copolymer (Elast-Eon) with a pore size of 100 m. All stents were deployed across the bifurcation and the external carotid artery origin. Flow velocity measurements were performed with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA), using pulsatile flow conditions (Re = 220; flow 0.39 l/min; flow rate ratio ICA:ECA = 70:30) in hemodynamically relevant cross-sections. The hemodynamic changes were analyzed by comparing velocity fluctuations of corresponding flow profiles.Results The flow rate ratio ICA:ECA shifted significantly from 70/30 to 73.9/26.1 in the MembraX and remained nearly unchanged in the SelfX and Wallstent. There were no changes in the flow patterns at the inflow proximal to the stents. In the stent no relevant changes were found in the SelfX. In the Wallstent the separation zone shifted from the orifice of the ICA to the distal end of the stent. Four millimeters distal to the SelfX and the Wallstent the flow profile returned to normal. In the MembraX an increase in the central slipstreams was found with creation of a flow separation distal to the stent. With a modification of the membrane this flow separation vanished. In the ECA flow disturbances were seen at the inner wall distal to the stent struts in the SelfX and the Wallstent. With the MembraX a calming of flow could be observed in the ECA with a slight loss of flow volume.Conclusions Stent placement across the carotid artery bifurcation induces alterations of the physiologic flow behavior. Depending on the stent design the flow alterations are located in different regions. All the stents tested were suitable for the carotid bifurcation. The MembraX prototype has shown promising hemodynamic properties ex vivo.     

股动脉与股静脉解剖关系的CT研究及其在介入放射学中的意义

研究股动脉与股静脉的解剖关系及其在介入放射学中的意义。随机抽取１２０例患者盆腔ＣＴ片，分析左，在共２４０对血管对股动脉怀股静脉的前后关系和衙叠程度。８７％血管对股动脉中心位于股静脉中心之前，无１例股静脉中心位于股动脉中心之前。     

Clinical Results of Cerebral Protection with a Filter Device During Stent Implantation of the Carotid Artery

Purpose: To assess the technical feasibility and the clinical results of cerebral protection with the Angioguard emboli-capture guidewire system during carotid artery stenting (CAS) for high-grade stenoses. Methods: In 20 patients 20 stenoses of the internal carotid artery were treated with stent implantation. In all patients diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed before and 24 hr after the procedure. Results: The filter device was effectively employed during all steps of the procedure in 16 of 20 patients, in two only postdilation could be protected, and in two no protection was possible. After three of the 20 procedures new ipsilateral cerebral lesions were visualized by DW-MRI. No new permanent neurologic deficits occurred. Conclusion: Cerebral protection with the filter device is technically feasible in most cases. DW-MRI demonstrated new cerebral lesions indicating the occurrence of cerebral microemboli during the protected procedures. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether the use of the cerebral protection device will improve the results of CAS.     

多层螺旋CT及重组技术诊断肺动静脉瘘的临床价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT及重组技术对肺动静脉瘘(PAVF)诊断的价值。方法:应用16层螺旋CT扫描机对7例肺动静脉瘘进行扫描,并获得各种后处理图像。结果:7例PAVF患者中,单发病灶4例,多发病灶2例,弥漫性分布1例。肿瘤样扩张的血管囊腔与其相连的供血动脉和引流静脉血管为PAVF的基本解剖结构。MSCT三维肺血管重组均能充分显示供血肺动脉、引流静脉的空间关系与解剖细节。结论:MSCT及重组技术对肺动静脉瘘的诊断具有重要价值,MSCT可作为诊断PAVF的首选影像检查方法。     

Successful Closure and Embolization of a Fistula Between the Pancreatic Duct and a Pseudocyst Using Ethibloc

We successfully achieved complete regression of a pancreatic pseudocyst after Ethibloc embolization of a fistula between the cyst and the pancreatic duct. Previous treatment by percutaneous drainage over 6 weeks had failed. Treatment with a somatostatin analog had not been undertaken. Received: 0/00/00/Accepted: 0/00/00