Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relation between quality of dietary carbohydrate intake, as measured by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. METHODS: During a 1-y observational study, data were collected at baseline and at each quarter thereafter. GI and GL were calculated from multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs), 3 randomly selected 24HRs at every quarter, with up to 15 24HRs per participant. The hs-CRP was measured in blood samples collected at baseline and each of the four quarterly measurement points. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of GI, GL, and hs-CRP. RESULTS: Among 582 adult men and women with at least two measurements of diet and hs-CRP, average daily GI score (white bread = 100) was 85 and average GL was 198, and average hs-CRP was 1.84 mg/L. Overall, there was no association between GI or GL and hs-CRP. Subgroup analyses revealed an inverse association between GL and hs-CRP among obese individuals (body mass index > or =30 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSION: Quality of dietary carbohydrates does not appear to be associated with serum hs-CRP levels. Among obese individuals, higher dietary GL appears to be related to lower hs-CRP levels. Due to the limited number of studies on this topic and their conflicting results, further investigation is warranted.     

Association between C-reactive protein and QTc interval in middle-aged men and women

Background Both of prolonged QT interval and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are known to be risk factors of cardiovascular disease. To our knowledge, few studies have reported the direct relationship between CRP levels and the QT interval in middle-aged population. The objective of the present study was to examine the association of CRP level with QT interval.Methods and results A total of 2471 men and 2287 women from the Korea n Health and Genome study underwent physical examination and completed a questionnaire. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording was obtained from each subject. Subjects who were taking statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, which are known to have an effect on CRP levels, were excluded. Geometric means of CRP levels were compared among three groups, which were classified by heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval: prolonged (≥440 msec in men and ≥450 msec in women), borderline (420–439 msec in men and 430–449 msec in women) and normal (<420 msec in men and <430 msec in women) groups. The means of CRP level in women, though over normal range, increased significantly as QTc interval was longer, independent of confounding factors, while those of men were on the borderline of significance. However, compared to normal range of QTc interval, prolonged QTc interval was associated with elevated CRP level, defined as more than 95 percentile of CRP, in men and women, respectively.Conclusions Prolonged QTc interval in middle-aged men and women is associated with the elevated CRP, independent of confounding factors.     

中国中年人群超敏C反应蛋白与心血管事件、总死亡事件的关联研究

目的 了解超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与心血管事件、全因死亡事件是否独立相关。方法 2009-2010年在我国12个研究地区各抽取35~64岁调查对象1 000人,实际入选11 623人。收集清晨空腹血标本检测hs-CRP,同时调查心血管病危险因素。2016-2017年对12个地区中的7个地区进行随访,中位随访时间为6.21年（36 075人年）,并记录心血管和死亡事件。总共随访6 177例,排除基线感染者、未进行hs-CRP检测和体格测量的研究对象后,5 984例纳入最终分析。根据hs-CRP值（mg/L）将人群分为3组（<1、1~和>3）。使用Cox比例风险模型,在调整各混杂因素后,探讨hs-CRP与心血管事件及总死亡事件的关联。结果 随访对象平均年龄50.2岁。hs-CRP<1、1~和>3 mg/L 3组人群心血管事件的发生率分别为3.6/1 000人年、7.1/1 000人年和10.4/1 000人年;全因死亡事件发生率分别为3.0/1 000人年、5.7/1 000人年和9.1/1 000人年。调整混杂因素后,与hs-CRP<1 mg/L组相比,hs-CRP 1~和>3 mg/L明显增加心血管事件的发生风险,HR值（95% CI）分别为1.33（0.95~1.84）和1.76（1.20~2.60）,呈明显上升趋势（趋势检验P=0.003）;发生全因死亡风险也明显增加,HR值（95% CI）分别为1.76（1.23~2.54）和2.64（1.74~4.01）,呈明显上升趋势（趋势检验P<0.001）。结论 hs-CRP增高与心血管事件及全因死亡事件呈独立相关。     

Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women

BACKGROUND: Circulating C-peptide concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, associations between fructose and the quantity and quality of total carbohydrate intake in relation to C-peptide concentrations have not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake with fasting C-peptide concentrations. DESIGN: Plasma C-peptide concentrations were measured in a cross-sectional setting in 1999 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study I and II. Dietary fructose, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake were assessed with the use of semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted fructose intake had 13.9% higher C-peptide concentrations (P for trend = 0.01) than did subjects in the lowest quintile. Similarly, in the multivariate model, subjects in the highest quintile of glycemic load had 14.1% (P for trend = 0.09) and 16.1% (P for trend = 0.04) higher C-peptide concentrations than did subjects in the lowest quintile after further adjustment for total fat or carbohydrate intake, respectively. In contrast, subjects with high intakes of cereal fiber had 15.6% lower (P for trend = 0.03) C-peptide concentrations after control for other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high intakes of fructose and high glycemic foods are associated with higher C-peptide concentrations, whereas consumption of carbohydrates high in fiber, such as whole-grain foods, is associated with lower C-peptide concentrations. Furthermore, our study suggests that these nutrients play divergent roles in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.     

Higher glycemic load diet is associated with poorer nutrient intake in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Changes in the quality and quantity of carbohydrate foods may compromise nutrient intake in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We hypothesized that glycemic index, glycemic load (GL), carbohydrate intake, grains, and cereal product consumption would be associated with nutrient adequacy. Eighty-two women with GDM (61% of Asian background, 34% whites) completed a 3-day food record following their routine group nutrition education session. Nutrient intakes were compared to Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) for Australia and New Zealand. Nutrient intake across energy-adjusted tertiles of glycemic index, GL, carbohydrate intake, and intake of grains and cereal products were assessed. The majority of women (66%-99%) did not meet the NRV for fiber, folate, vitamin D, iodine, and iron, and exceeded NRV for saturated fat and sodium. Higher dietary GL was associated with lower intakes of total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat; vitamin E; and potassium (all P < .001). Higher grain intake was not significantly associated with intake of any micronutrients. In Australian women with GDM, high dietary GL predicts greater risk of poor nutrition.     

代谢综合征血清超敏C反应蛋白与冠心病关系

目的探讨代谢综合征（MS）患者血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）含量对冠心病的预测价值。方法在珠海市湾仔区6个社区中进行慢性病筛查，选择其中符合条件且资料完整的1362人，采集空腹血液样品，检测血清hs—CRP含量及相关生化指标，比较MS、冠心病患者血清hs—CRP浓度的差异。结果1362人中，确诊MS264例（19．4％），检出高血压病患者277例（20．3％），冠心病患者164例（12．0％）；其中MS患者中合并冠心病92例（34．8％）。咀清hs—CRP受年龄、体重、吸烟、血脂及血糖水平影响，差异均有统计学意义。高血压人群、冠心病人群和MS人群的血清hs—CRP含量均高于正常人群，差异均有统计学意义。校正年龄、体质指数、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯等影响因素后，hs—CRP为高血压、冠心病、MS的独立危险因素。代谢指标异常数量越多。合并冠心病可能性越大，hs—CRP含量越高。结论MS患者血清hs—CRP水平是合并冠心病的独立危险因子，可预示冠心病的发生。     

高敏C反应蛋白与儿童肥胖及代谢综合征相关代谢异常的关系

目的 探讨儿童时期高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）与肥胖及MS相关代谢异常的关系,并比较其联系强度。方法 在历史队列中选取成功随访并参与hsCRP 及各项指标检测的403 名儿童作为研究对象。体格检查包括身高、体重、WC、血压、体脂含量百分比（Fat%）、血生化指标（hsCRP、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、FPG）等。对hsCRP 和TG 测定值分别取以10 为底的对数（lgCRP、lgTG）转化为近似正态分布,分析lgCRP 和代谢异常之间的关系。采用偏相关分析、协方差分析,并控制儿童出生体重等因素。计算各代谢指标的Z 分值,与lgCRP 做线性回归分析。结果 （1）lgCRP 与HDL-C水平呈负相关,与其他体量及代谢指标存在明显正相关;控制BMI后,除LDL-C 外,其他指标和lgCRP 的相关性消失。（2）lgCRP 在是否高FPG 组间、是否低HDL-C 组间、是否高TC组间差异不明显（P＞0.05）,在其他代谢异常组间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;控制BMI后,lgCRP 与高血压、高TG的联系消失,与MS的联系被削弱。（3）线性回归分析比较各代谢指标与hsCRP 的联系强度,可见WC、BMI、Fat%与肥胖相关的指标与hsCRP 的联系最密切（β值分别为0.294、0.289 和0.277）,其次是SBP、HDL-C、DBP、lgTG 和LDL-C。控制BMI后,只有LDL-C与hsCRP的线性关系仍存在,但已被大大削弱,其他指标与hsCRP的线性关系消失。结论 hsCRP与肥胖、血脂代谢、MS均相关;WC是与hsCRP的联系最密切的指标;肥胖是hsCRP最强且独立的影响因素     

Association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and dietary intake in Vietnamese young women

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a strong independent predictor of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We evaluated the relationship between hsCRP and dietary intake in apparently healthy young women living in southern Vietnam.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Serum hsCRP was measured and dietary intake data were obtained using the 1-day 24-hour recall method in women (n = 956; mean age, 25.0 ± 5.7 years) who participated in the International Collaboration Study for the Construction of Asian Cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) in 2011.

RESULTS

Women in the high risk group (> 3 mg/L) consumed fewer fruits and vegetables, total plant food, potassium, and folate than those in the low risk group (< 1 mg/L). A multiple regression analysis after adjusting for covariates revealed a significant negative association between hsCRP and fruit and vegetable consumption. A logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of having a high hsCRP level in women with the highest quartiles of consumption of fruits and vegetables [OR, 0.391; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.190-0.807], potassium [OR, 0.425; 95% CI, 0.192-0.939] and folate [OR, 0.490; 95% CI, 0.249-0.964] were significantly lower than those in the lowest quartiles.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that, in young Vietnamese women, an increased consumption of fruit and vegetables might be beneficial for serum hsCRP, a risk factor for future CVD events.     

Relations of glycemic index and glycemic load with plasma oxidative stress markers

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that acute hyperglycemia may increase in vivo free radical production. This increased production has been implicated in many disease processes. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate whether a diet with a high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) is associated with greater oxidative stress as measured by 2 lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostanes (IsoPs). DESIGN: Plasma MDA and IsoP concentrations were measured in 292 healthy adults, and dietary GI and GL were assessed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations between GI, GL, and the 2 markers were examined by using multiple regression techniques with adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Dietary GI was positively associated with both plasma MDA and IsoPs. The mean multivariate-adjusted MDA concentrations increased from 0.55 to 0.73 micromol/L as GI increased from the lowest to the highest quartile (P for trend = 0.02); the corresponding IsoP concentrations increased from 0.034 to 0.040 ng/mL (P for trend = 0.03). GL was positively associated with both MDA and IsoPs, but the linear relation was significant only for MDA. In addition, a marginally significant interaction between overall GI and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) for plasma MDA was observed (P = 0.09). The positive association between overall GI and MDA was stronger in those with a BMI < 26.5 than for those with a BMI > or = 26.5. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic consumption of high-GI foods may lead to chronically high oxidative stress. A low-GI diet, not a low-carbohydrate diet, appears to be beneficial in reducing oxidative stress.     

Total antioxidant capacity of the diet is inversely and independently related to plasma concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in adult Italian subjects

Inflammation, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is associated with low plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins. In addition to vitamins, other antioxidants modulate the synthesis of inflammatory markers in vitro and contribute to the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of a diet. However, the relationship between dietary TAC and markers of inflammation has never been evaluated in vivo. We investigated the relationship between dietary TAC and markers of systemic (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leucocytes) and vascular (soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1) inflammation in 243 non-diabetic subjects. General Linear Model (GLM) analysis showed a significant (P=0.005) inverse relationship between hs-CRP and quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary TAC, even when recognized modulating factors of inflammation, namely alcohol, fibre, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, hypertension, insulin sensitivity and plasma beta-carotene, were included in the model as covariates (P=0.004). The relationship was stronger for subjects with hypertension (P=0.013 v. P=0.109 for normotensive individuals). Among dietary factors, TAC was significantly higher (5.3 (sd 3.0) v. 4.9 (sd 2.7) mmol Trolox/d; P=0.026) in subjects with low plasma hs-CRP (range: 0.0-4.1 mg/l) than in subjects with high plasma hs-CRP (range: 4.2-27.8 mg/l). We conclude that dietary TAC is inversely and independently correlated with plasma concentrations of hs-CRP and this could be one of the mechanisms explaining the protective effects against CVD of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruits, whole cereals and red wine. This could be of particular significance for subjects with high blood pressure.     

初中生超敏C反应蛋白与体质量指数腰围变化间的关系

观察哈尔滨市初中生体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)短期变化情况,探究其与同时期超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)变化的关联,进一步分析hs-CRP预测儿童青少年BMI,WC变化的价值.方法 采用方便抽样方法,分层整群抽取哈尔滨市某校六、七年级学生408名,连续2年进行体格检查和血清hs-CRP测定.根据各指标2次测定结果将研究对象分为对照组(正常→正常)、病例组(异常→异常)、好转组(异常→正常)以及进展组(正常→异常)4组.利用无序多分类Logistic回归分析hs-CRP变化对BMI,WC变化的预测价值.结果 初中生的超重肥胖率为30.6%.女生BMI增长较男生明显(U=17 358.0,P相似文献   

Association between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with depression: a systematic review

Background

A combination of genetic and environmental factors is involved in depression etiology. During the last years, the prevalence of depression has increased in both developed and developing countries. Several studies indicated an association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with risk of depression. This systematic review was undertaken to summarize the effect of these diet indicators in depression pathogenesis.

Methods

A comprehensive search strategy was performed in the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases from 1966 to March 2017. Finally, six studies (three prospective cohort studies and three cross-sectional) were ultimately selected for inclusion in the systematic review.

Results

75298 adults and elderly entered the reviewed studies. All of the included studies had high methodological quality. The present study indicated that the intake of foods with higher GI is associated with disease risk. However, the relationship was found to be inverse for GL, though the association was rather weak.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings indicated that a diet with lower dietary glycemic index may be effective to reduce the risk or risk of depression.

     

Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are related to plasma C-reactive protein and adiponectin in middle-aged German women and men

Purpose  

Modulation of circulating inflammatory markers and adiponectin may link PUFA to risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated erythrocyte n-6 and n-3 PUFA in relation to plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin, and whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene (PPARG2) modified these associations.     

海岛居民Hs-CRP水平与心血管病危险因素关系

目的 了解海岛居民血清高敏 C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)水平与心血管疾病危险因素的关系,为心血管病的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 采用随机分层抽样方法对在辽宁省大连市长海县抽取的395名≥30岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和血液生化学检查。结果 海岛居民血清Hs-CRP P₅、P₁₀、P₂₅、P₅₀、P₇₅、P₉₀、P₉₅水平分别为0.01、0.02、0.05、0.11、0.24、0.43、0.83 mg/L;不同特征居民比较,不同年龄、居住年限、是否患高血压和是否有心血管病史居民Hs-CRP分布间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);海岛居民血清ln(Hs-CRP)与年龄(r=0.26)、体质指数(r=0.32)、腰围(r=0.30)、胆固醇(r=0.18)、甘油三酯(r=0.28)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.21)、空腹血糖(r=0.29)、血肌酐(r=0.11)、血尿酸(r=0.21)均呈正相关(P<0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.11,P<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果表明,在调整其他因素后,年龄、体质指数、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胆固醇和吸烟是海岛居民血清Hs-CRP水平的主要影响因素。结论 海岛居民的Hs-CRP水平受年龄、体质指数、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胆固醇和吸烟的影响;控制体重、减少肥胖有利于维持血清Hs-CRP在正常范围内。     

超敏C反应蛋白与尘肺肺感染合并肺心病病情的相关性分析

目的探讨血清中超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与尘肺肺感染合并肺心病及病情的关系。方法收集2011年11月—2012年8月在国家安全生产监督管理总局职业安全卫生研究中心职业病科住院的经临床诊断为尘肺病合并肺部感染患者150例,其中合并肺心病的42例,比较单纯尘肺肺感染组和尘肺肺感染合并肺心病组及肺心病不同心功能水平组间血清中hs-CRP浓度的差异。结果尘肺肺感染合并肺心病组与尘肺肺感染组血清中hs-CRP浓度分别为（30.656±24.608）mg/L和（7.625±6.833）mg/L,经t检验,二者差异有统计学意义（t=8.923,P〈0.01）。尘肺肺感染与合并肺心病1~4级心功能组的血清中hs-CRP浓度分别为（7.625±6.833）、（13.920±12.732）、（35.060±18.166）、（47.686±17.181）和（64.980±28.682）mg/L,随肺心病心功能级别增加而增高,差异有统计学意义（F=66.978,P〈0.01）。结论血清中hs-CRP浓度与尘肺肺感染合并肺心病有关,与肺心病心功能级别相关,心功能越差血清hs-CRP浓度越高。     

Effect of a low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD, but research suggests that metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are also key factors in CVD in postmenopausal women. Most dietary programs, however, focus only on hyperlipidemia and not on insulin resistance associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This 12-wk trial compared the effects of a dietary program combining a low glycemic index diet with a functional food delivering 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day (LGID) with a standard dietary program (American Heart Association Step 1 diet; AHAD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Fifty-nine postmenopausal women (average age 54.6 y, range 44-65 y) with a body mass index of 27 to 39 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to the LGID or the AHAD program for 12 wk. Total caloric intake and exercise were matched in each arm. RESULTS: Twenty-seven women completed the LGID program, and 26 completed the AHAD program. The participants on the LGID program showed statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol (15.8%, P = 0.0036 between-group comparison), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (14.8%, P = 0.004 between-group comparison), and triacylglycerol (44.8%, P = 0.006 between-group comparison). In addition, significant improvements were observed in ratios of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of triacylglycerol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and Framingham risk assessment for coronary heart disease compared with the AHAD program. CONCLUSIONS: A significantly greater improvement was observed in CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women on the LGID program (incorporating 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day) than with a standard therapy.     

C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 are decreased in transgenic sickle cell mice fed a high protein diet

Sickle cell disease is associated with hypermetabolism and a consequent shortage of substrates for normal growth and healthy immune response. The protein:energy ratio is a major determinant of dietary adequacy; the requirement for optimal growth of control mice is 20% of energy from dietary protein. This study investigated the efficacy of increased dietary protein for improving weight gain and reducing inflammation in the Berkeley sickle cell mouse model (S). The study examined the effect of diet on weight gain and circulating levels of 2 inflammatory proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Male C57BL/6 (C) control (n = 8) and S mice (n = 8) were randomized at weaning to 40 d of isoenergetic diets containing 20% (normal) and 35% (high) of energy from protein (C20, C35, S20, S35), replacing dextrin. Rate of weight gain was calculated and plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations determined by ELISA. Liver mRNA expression of these proteins was measured by real-time PCR and L-arginase by colorimetric assay. S35 mice tended to gain weight more rapidly than S20 mice (P = 0.06) and more rapidly than C35 mice (P < 0.01). Circulating CRP and IL-6 levels were also lower in S35 mice than in S20 mice (P < 0.05), as was liver CRP mRNA expression (P < 0.01). These results demonstrate that introducing a high protein diet at weaning attenuates the steady-state inflammation in this S mouse model. Dietary L-arginine availability was investigated as a possible mechanism for increased nitric oxide production and consequent reduced inflammation.     

血清超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸与产后抑郁的相关性分析

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白、血清同型半胱氨酸与产后抑郁的相关性。方法自2015年1月-2016年1月,连续性收集在该院分娩的孕产妇382例,其中共52例孕产妇发生抑郁,分析血清超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸与产后抑郁的相关性。结果与对照组比较,抑郁组超敏C反应蛋白水平显著增高,差异有统计学意义[(7.47±2.88)mg/L vs.(5.38±2.43)mg/L,t=5.614,P0.05];同型半胱氨酸水平显著增高,差异有统计学意义[(11.82±4.28)mmol/L vs.(8.17±3.19)mmol/L,t=7.288,P0.05]。多因素logistics回归分析显示超敏C反应蛋白≥10 mg/L、同型半胱氨酸≥10 mmol/L是孕产妇产后抑郁的危险因素(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示超敏C反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸水平可影响爱丁堡产后抑郁评分(P0.05)。结论超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸水平升高是产后抑郁的危险因素,且与产后抑郁严重程度正相关。