内镜下覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌性狭窄及食管气管瘘的临床应用价值

目的探讨内镜下覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌性狭窄及食管气管瘘的临床价值及食管支架置入术并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析163例晚期食管癌患者内镜下覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌性狭窄及食管气管瘘的临床资料,其中7例患者为食管癌性狭窄并食管-支气管瘘伴双下肺感染,19例患者为食管癌术后复发吻合口狭窄置入镍钛记忆合金覆膜支架。102例患者由于食管过于狭窄先行食管扩张,再进行内镜下放置食管支架,35例患者直接内镜下置入食管支架。结果 163例患者先后放置174个支架,均一次性置入成功,成功率为100%。163例患者均有不同程度胸痛不适,有32例支架再狭窄,其中19例单纯行支架内球囊扩张,11例于原支架上端内部分重叠再放置一支架,有26例行氩气刀再通治疗。7例患者出现支架移位,有2例支架进入食管瘘管内于次日在内镜下取出支架重新放置。所有病例均未出现食管破裂、食管血肿或出血等严重并发症,术后患者进食能力提高,食管气管瘘闭合。结论内镜下覆膜食管支架置入术是中晚期食管癌性狭窄简单、安全、有效的姑息治疗方法,能提高患者的生活质量,延长患者的生存期。     

带膜食管支架治疗食管癌并发食管气管瘘7例体会

近3年来,我院应用带膜食管支架治疗食管癌并发食管气管瘘患者7例,取得较满意疗效,现报告如下. 临床资料:本组男5例,女2 例;年龄52～75岁.均为晚期食管中上段癌.主要临床表现为进行性吞咽困难5～9个月,突发进食呛咳2～4天,其中4例为放疗两疗程后突发,5例有不同程度的肺部炎症.食管吞钡造影示食管病变长5～10cm,瘘口0.3～0.6cm.诊断为食管气管瘘4 例,食管左主支气管瘘2例,食管右主支气管瘘1例. 治疗方法:所用支架为不锈钢丝" Z”型骨架,内外覆以硅橡胶薄膜,长10～14cm,内径1.4～1.8cm.支架长度超出病变5～6cm.术前肌注654-2 10mg,咽喉部喷雾麻醉.在电视透视下经口置入导丝,用食管扩张器将食管狭窄部逐步扩张至1.2～1.4cm,留置导丝,食管支架封装在插送器内,沿导丝引至病变处,支架上口距病变上方3～4cm.定位适当后后退外套管,拔出支架,锁定钢丝,退出插送器,将支架留置食管内并自动扩张.     

内镜直视覆膜支架置入术治疗食管癌狭窄和食管瘘51例体会

1995～ 2 0 0 2年 ,我们应用内镜直视气囊扩张器和支架置入器 ,内镜直视下置入覆膜记忆合金支架治疗食管癌狭窄 5 1例、食管瘘 9例 ,疗效较好。报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 33例 ,女 18例 ;年龄 32岁～ 81岁 ,平均 (5 7.2± 9.4 )岁。食管癌 2 8例 ,贲门癌 7例 ,食管癌术后复发 13例 ,贲门癌术后复发 3例 ,均经活检病理证实 ,无手术适应证或拒绝手术治疗者。其中吞咽困难 0级 (不能进食 ) 2 4例 ,1级 (仅能进流质 ) 15例 ,2级 (可进半流质 ) 12例 ,狭窄处直径 2～ 8mm,平均 (4 .2± 1.3) m m。狭窄段长度 3～ 10 cm,平均 (4 .8± 2 .7) cm。…     

自膨式金属支架治疗晚期食管癌梗阻及食管支气管瘘

目的探讨内镜结合X线透视下放置自膨式金属支架对晚期食管癌吞咽困难及食管气管瘘的疗效。方法30例晚期食管癌和5例并发食管支气管瘘的恶性狭窄患者，在内镜直视及X线透视下放入导丝而后用探条逐级扩张食管后放入自膨式金属支架，并发食管瘘者放置带膜支架。结果30例患者放置金属支架一次成功率为100％，5例并发食管支气管瘘者均瘘口一次性封H（5／5，100％），1例术后少量出血．1例术后1月支架滑脱，少数病例出现轻微胸痛，无严重并发症出现。结论内镜直视结合X线透视下放置自膨式金属支架治疗晚期食管癌梗阻及食管支气管瘘是一种安全、有效、易行的方法。     

短期置入覆膜气管支架治疗气管残胃瘘一例

采用食管内支架置入是治疗气管食管瘘的常用方法之一。我们采用短期置入气管覆膜金属支架治愈气管瘘，并成功取出支架，现报告如下。     

双支架治疗食管气管瘘一例

患者女,50岁,因食管癌术后放疗后8年,进食困堆1个月入院。既往因吻合口狭窄行胃镜下电切加微波治疗2次。此次胃镜检查发现吻合口大小约0 3 cm,表面光滑,末见肿瘤复发。拟行球囊扩张术,使用三级扩张球囊,当压力达3     

带膜支架治疗食管-气管瘘九例

记忆合金支架置入术治疗各种食管癌致食管狭窄、食管癌致食管-气管瘘均较理想。我院于1998年3月至2002年5月共收治食管癌致食管-气管瘘患者9例,采用内镜直视下置入带膜记忆合金支架,疗效较好,报告如下。     

高位食管金属支架致食管气管瘘二例

食管金属支架的置入可以解决食管梗阻，恢复患者正常生理通道，然而处理不当亦可导致严重不良后果，近日来我院收治2例高位食管金属支架置入导致食管气管瘘患者，现报道如下。     

覆膜金属支架在老年晚期食管癌及食管瘘患者中的应用

目的 探讨应用覆膜金属支架对老年晚期食管癌并发食管瘘患者的治疗作用.方法 在胃镜直视或X线透视下,由导丝引导定位,经支架输送器将覆膜金属支架置于病变部位.结果 225例患者均一次放置成功,19例食管瘘患者瘘口均完全封堵,技术成功率为100.0%.其中184例(81.8%)吞咽困难及呛咳症状显著改善,176例(78.2%)患者在支架置入术后1周内进半流质食物,后改为普通食物,肺部感染得到控制.结论 对于失去手术机会或无法耐受手术的老年晚期食管癌并发食管瘘患者,放置覆膜金属支架治疗,疗效确切,安全可行.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of covered endoesophageal stent in treatment of terminal esophageal carcinoma complicated with malignant esophageal fistula in the elderly. Methods The covered endoesophageal stent was placed at the focus of lesion for each elderly patient in guidance by the iron wire and the stent-transporter under the endoscopy or X-ray. Results All of the stents were successfully implanted in 225 elderly patients without technical failure. The fistula was fully closed in all 19 patients. The symptoms of dysphagia and bucking were relieved obviously in 184cases (81.8%). The 176 cases (78.2%) of patients could have semi-fluid food in first week after stent implant, then have full meal. The inspiration pneumonia caused by fistula was brought under control. Conclusions For elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma, when they lose the operative opportunity or can not tolerate an operation, the treatment with covered endoesophageal stent is effective and safe.     

食管金属支架治疗125例食管狭窄和食管气管瘘临床分析

背景：食管狭窄和食管气管瘘是临床常见疾病，近年来食管金属支架逐渐成为其治疗的重要手段，并取得了良好的疗效。目的：探讨食管金属支架治疗食管狭窄和食管气管瘘的临床疗效。方法：选择125例良恶性食管狭窄和食管气管瘘患者，行内镜和x线检查以明确狭窄或瘘口的部位和性质。在x线引导下置入食管金属支架，术后密切随访观察临床疗效和并发症。结果：支架术后2周内，所有患者的吞咽困难均显著改善；食管气管瘘患者的呛咳均显著缓解，仪5例患者进流质时仍有轻微呛咳：86例(68．8％)患者术后出现胸痛，8例(6.4％)发生消化道出血，4例(3.2％)出现支架移位。术后半均随访时间为18个月。吞咽困难的平均缓解时间为7.4个月，27例恶性食管狭窄患者平均于术后6.4个月因肿瘤组织增生而导致再狭窄，8例良性食管狭窄患者平均于术后12．8个月因肉芽组织增生而导致再狭窄。38例患者有胃(或肠)食管反流表现，大多为吻合口支架或食管下段支架。7例患者出现支架移位。恶性食管狭窄患者支架术后平均存活时间为11．8个月。结论：食管金属支架能有效治疗良恶性食管狭窄和食管气管瘘，提高患者的生活质量。但支架术后再狭窄、食管功能紊乱和支架移位等并发症目前仍无法避免，且可能对支架的临床应用产生一定影响。     

Predictor of Stent Thrombosis in Patients Treated with Turbostratic Carbon‐Coated Stent Implantation for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Stent thrombosis is a major complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with reinfarction and increased risk of death. Methods: Patients treated with the turbostratic carbon‐coated stent (CID, Saluggia, Italy) for AMI were identified from a prospective primary PCI database. Primary end‐point was stent thrombosis within 6 months. Forward stepwise Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify independent predictors of stent thrombosis. Results: Between 2001 and 2008, 746 patients underwent turbostratic carbon‐coated stent implantation for AMI. Patients had a mean age of 65 ± 12 years, 9% had cardiogenic shock on admission, 48% had multivessel coronary disease, 78% had baseline target vessel TIMI grade 0–1. Multiple stent implantation was performed in 26% of patients. The majority of patients (78%) received abciximab treatment and a postprocedural TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 98% patients. Definite stent thrombosis occurred in 10 patients (1.3%), while three patients (0.4%) had possible stent thrombosis. No probable stent thrombosis occurred. There were no procedural stent thromboses. In patients who received abciximab stent thrombosis the rate was 1%, while it was 4.3% in patients not receiving abciximab treatment. After adjusting for all clinical, angiographic, and procedural variables, abciximab treatment (HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.56, P = 0.003) and major bleedings (HR 14.2; 85% CI 2.79–72.44, P = 0.001) were the only two predictors related to stent thrombosis. Conclusions: Patients with AMI treated with turbostratic carbon‐coated stent implantation and abciximab treatment have a low incidence of stent thrombosis. Abciximab treatment along with major bleeding complications are the only predictors related to stent thrombosis. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:554–559)     

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pressure Gradient across the Stent in Patients Treated for Coarctation of the Aorta

Objective. Stent placement has become a widely used method of treatment for coarctation of the aorta (COA). Our goal was to find echocardiographic indices that would correlate best with directly measured gradients across the coarctation stent. Material and Methods. Pediatric patients with COA who underwent intra‐aortic stent placement were evaluated. Patients with more than mild aortic insufficiency were excluded. Aortic pressures above and below the coarctation site were directly measured in the catheterization laboratory. Echocardiography was performed the next morning. Continuous and Pulse Doppler systolic velocity profiles proximal and distal to the stent were recorded. Statistical analysis included Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression between the directly measured pressure gradient and strongest correlated factor. Result. Thirty‐four patients (F : M = 15 : 19) were included in the study. The directly measured gradients (DPG) had only weak positive correlations with Doppler peak velocities (r = 0.38, P= .027) or pressure gradients (r = 0.37, P= .03) across the stent. However, there was a strong positive correlation of the directly measured gradients with the continuous wave peak systolic velocity half‐time indexed to heart rate (T) (r = 0.62, P= .03), and with the squared early diastolic velocity (V_d²) (r = 0.073, P < .0001). When these two parameters were combined, a linear regression equation DPG = 0.06T + 1.58 V_d²? 8.05 showed very strong relations (r = 0.81, P < .0001). A simplified equation DPG = 1.98V_d²+ 0.77 also accurately described the relations between the directly measured gradients and squared Doppler‐measured early diastolic velocity (r = 0.71, P= .0002). Conclusions. A simple echocardiographic index DPG = 1.98V_d²+ 0.77, where DPG is the pressure gradient across the stent, and V_d is the early Doppler diastolic velocity, accurately describes relations between the gradient across the stent and echocardiographic data and should be used for evaluation of patients with stent‐corrected COA.     

胺碘酮治疗充血性心力衰竭室性心律失常

目的了解胺碘酮对充血性心力衰竭（congestive heart failure，CHF）并发室性心律失常（ventricular arrhythmia，VA）的疗效，并分析充血性心力衰竭心功能级别与室性心律失常的关系。方法选择心内科住院治疗的病人58例为研究对象，分为胺碘酮组和对照组。结果①心功能越差，复杂性心律失常的发生率越高。②胺碘酮组对心律失常治疗的有效率为93％，对照组为50％，差异有统计学意义（x^2=10．355，P=0．006）；两组病人心功能参数各指标的差值无统计学意义（P〈0．05）；胺碘酮组与对照组对心力衰竭的疗效差异无统计学意义（x^2=4．047，P=0．132）。结论胺碘酮对CHF并VA病人疗效好且安全，值得在临床上推广。     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Patients Treated with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors

Hyperkalemia (serum potassium >?5.5 mEq/L) is a common clinical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. It can result from increased K⁺ intake, impaired distribution between intracellular and extracellular spaces, and most frequently, decreased renal excretion. Patients at the highest risk of hyperkalemia are treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) as they improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes and are strongly recommended in clinical guidelines. However, RAASIs cause or increase the risk of hyperkalemia, a key limitation to fully titrate RAASIs in patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment. Until recently, drugs for the treatment of hyperkalemia presented limited efficacy and/or safety concerns and there was an unmet need of new drugs to control hyperkalemia while maintaining RAASI therapy. We provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in K⁺ homeostasis and the epidemiology and management of hyperkalemia as a complication in cardiovascular patients and, finally, analyze the efficacy and safety of two new polymer-based, non-systemic agents, patiromer calcium and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9), designed to increase fecal K⁺ loss and to normalize elevated serum K⁺ levels and chronically maintain K⁺ homeostasis in hyperkalemic patients treated with RAASIs.     

冠状动脉支架植入对冠心病患者血清基质金属蛋白酶2表达的影响

目的研究冠心病患者血清基质金属蛋白酶2浓度与冠状动脉病变程度的关系及冠状动脉支架植入对血清基质金属蛋白酶2浓度的影响。方法将50例冠心病患者分为冠状动脉支架植入组和非冠状动脉支架植入组,统计冠状动脉造影结果,于术前1d,术后1d、10d及30d取静脉血,应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法检测血清基质金属蛋白酶2浓度的变化。结果非冠状动脉支架植入组手术前后各时间点血清基质金属蛋白酶2浓度差异无显著性(P>0.05);冠状动脉支架植入组手术后基质金属蛋白酶2浓度持续升高(P<0.05)。与术前1d比较,双支病变组基质金属蛋白酶2浓度较单支病变组高,三支病变组比双支病变组高(P<0.05);B型病变组基质金属蛋白酶2浓度比A型病变组高,C型病变组比B型病变组高(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度越重血清基质金属蛋白酶2浓度越高,冠状动脉支架植入后30d内基质金属蛋白酶2浓度持续升高。     

碘125粒子支架与普通覆膜支架治疗中晚期食管癌疗效比较的Meta分析

目的 评价中晚期食管癌姑息治疗中置入碘125粒子支架和普通覆膜支架的疗效差异.方法 应用计算机检索电子数据库:Medline/PubMed(1980-2010)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNK:1990-2010)、万方数据库(2000-2010),并手工检索Cochrance图书馆.采用Cochrane系统评价员手册4....     

前列地尔治疗高龄糖尿病并慢性肾脏病患者疗效分析

目的分析前列地尔治疗高龄糖尿病并慢性肾脏病患者疗效。方法回顾性分析该院2014年6月—2015年6月收治的128例高龄糖尿病并慢性肾脏病患者临床资料,根据不同治疗方案分为两组,对照组(70例)予以常规治疗,研究组(58例)于对照组基础上予以前列地尔治疗,观察并比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后的肾功能指标变化及不良反应情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率94.83%比对照组70.00%高,且Cr、24h UAER、Cys C及Ccr指标改善幅度显著大于对照组,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应总发生率25.86%比对照组18.57%略高,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前列地尔治疗高龄糖尿病并慢性肾脏病患者疗效显著,可有效改善患者临床症状,降低蛋白尿,且安全性高,值得临床推广及应用。