Cation-osmotic haemolysis in stroke patients

Erythrocyte microrheology changes were measured by cation-osmotic haemolysis (COH) in healthy donors, patients with ischameic stroke, and patients who died within four days after a stroke. COH in patients with stroke was significantly decreased in comparison with that from healthy donors. In patients who died, COH was significantly decreased compared to patients who survived. The relationship between cationosmotic haemolysis and erythrocyte deformability is discussed.     

Age-dependent differences in cation-osmotic haemolysis in rats

Erythrocyte microrheology changes were measured by cation-osmotic hemolysis (COH) in rats of different age groups (3, 12 and 24 months). COH in 12-month-old rats was significantly lower in low ionic strength media (spectrin skeleton) in comparison with 3-month-old rats. This decrease was much more pronounced in 24-month-old animals, in which a significant decrease in COH in incubating media with higher ionic strength was also observed. The relationship between COH and eryhtrocyte deformability is also discussed. We suggest that changes in biophysical state of spectrin skeleton are followed by changes in lipid bilayer properties.     

Cation-osmotic Haemolysis in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion

The purpose of this work was to use a new technique to assess erythrocyte deformability in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Erythrocyte microrheology changes were measured by cation-osmotic haemolysis (COH) in healthy donors and in patients with both central (n= 6) and branch (n= 16) retinal vein occlusion up to 12 months after the occlusion. The patient group consisted of five patients with ischaemic and 17 with oedematous vein occlusion. The control group consisted of the same number of age-, sex- and risk factor (hypertension)-matched donors. In patients with retinal vein occlusion, COH was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The decrease was most marked at low and high concentrations of incubating media where the differences reached high statistical significance (p<0.01–0.001). In our previous experiments we showed that COH and erythrocyte deformability (ED) are closely related and that COH reflects basic information about erythrocyte deformability. Thus, decreased COH in patients with retinal vein occlusion points to reduced ED in comparison with the control group. We, therefore, assume that impairment in ED together with other microrheological abnormalities contributes to the pathophysiology of changes in patients with retinal vein occlusion.     

轻度烧伤后红细胞流变学特性的变化

我们用轻度烧伤动物模型研究了烧伤后红细胞（RBC）变形性及渗透脆性的变化。结果发现,轻度烧伤后红细胞变形性随时间有一先抑后扬的变化趋势。烧伤后立即取血（0h）所测结果与烧伤前比较,RBC最大变形指数(DI)max、积分变形指数IDI及红细胞渗透脆性都未见显著性差异;烧伤后1、2h时(DI)max、IDI显著降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）;4、7h时(DI)max、IDI虽略低于烧伤前水平,但未见显著性差异（P>0.05）。烧伤后不同时间点（0、1、2、4、7h）所取血样的RBC渗透脆性与烧伤前比较,除在烧伤后4h时显著增加外,在其余各时间点均未见显著变化。说明在用该动物模型所得结果中,(DI)max、IDI的受损及RBC渗透脆性的增加,可能都只与体液因素的作用有关。但RBC变形性的受损与其渗透脆性的变化不是同步的,说明可能存在着不同的损伤机制。     

缺血性中风红细胞变形能力与膜微粘度及膜生化改变的相关性研究

本文通过对脑梗塞患者及健康对照者进行红细胞变形能力与红细胞膜微粘度及膜生化成份的测定,发现两组有显著差异,且患者组红细胞变形能力与膜微粘度、胆固醇/磷脂比值、膜脂质过氧化物含量呈显著负相关,与膜唾液酸含量呈显著正相关,按影响程度大小排列依次为膜微粘度、脂质过氧化物含量、唾液酸、胆固醇/磷脂比值。     

白血病细胞膜相关的降低红细胞滤过率因子的初步分离

粒单型人白血病细胞系J6-1的培养液、冻化液可明显降低正常红细胞滤过率,J6-1细胞冻化液及膜冻化液经Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤及快速蛋白液相层析(FPLC)Mono Q,初步分离J6-1细胞膜上存在的降低红细胞溶过率的活性物质,分子量为13 KD～19KD,具糖结合蛋白性质。此物质对红细胞滤过率的改变是由其变形性改变所致。     

Exercise-induced intravascular haemolysis in standardbred horses

 In human sports medicine a pathophysiological condition called `sports anaemia' is reported. This condition has been attributed to episodes of intravascular haemolysis induced by physical exercise. The occurrence of haemolytic episodes is indicated by the presence of high values of free plasma haemoglobin and lower plasma levels of haptoglobin after physical exercise. The literature regarding sports anaemia in horses, and in particular haemolysis induced by physical exercise, is rather limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the markers of intravascular haemolysis (plasma haemoglobin and haptoglobin) in Standardbred horses immediately after a race, in order to ascertain the presence of intravascular haemolysis, possibly induced by physical activity. We reported both the haptoglobin and free plasma haemoglobin values as a percentage of the total protein to avoid any influence of haemoconcentration induced by the exertion during the race. Free plasma haemoglobin concentration showed a significant increase both at 5 min (p < 0.01) and 10 min (p < 0.05) after exercise. A significant decrease in the haptoglobin occurred in both post-exercise blood samples, and was statistically significant 10 min after the race (p < 0.05). These data suggested that episodes of intravascular haemolysis may occur during physical activity in Standardbred horses. Received: 13 May 2002 / Accepted: 15 September 2002 Acknowledgements The authors are very grateful to Dr Lorenzo Berti (Florence, Italy) for his assistance in enrolling the subjects for the study; and to Dr David Marlin (Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK) for his advice.     

Erythrocyte deformability in aging

Blood viscosity and the deformability and other properties of erythrocytes were compared among 60-, 150-, 320- and 710-day-old rats. Blood viscosity was remarkably higher in the 320- and 710-day old rats than in those 60- and 150 days' old. Measurement by the capillary centrifugal method showed that the deformability of erythrocytes is sginficantly decreased with age. The increase in blood viscosity with aging could be attributed to the decrease in erythrocyte deformation. Osmotic fragility and the number of higher density erythrocytes also increase with age. The negative surface charge in erythrocytes obtained from old rats was higher than in those from younger rats.     

脑梗塞患者红细胞变形能力与膜磷脂组分的关系

为探讨脑梗塞患者红细胞膜磷脂各组分对红细胞变形能力的影响，采用高效液相色谱法对58例脑梗塞患者和26名健康人的红细胞膜磷脂各组分进行了测定，并同时检测了其红细胞胆固醇含量及红细胞变形能力。结果表明，脑梗塞患者红细胞膜磷脂酸胆碱（PC）、磷脂酸乙醇胺（PE）含量降低，胆固醇（CHO）含量升高，红细胞变形能力降低。直线相关分析，膜PC与红细胞滤过指数呈显著负相关。结论：脑梗塞患者红细胞膜你在以PE、PC变化为主的磷脂代谢紊乱，膜PC异常可能是影响红细胞变形能力的一个重要因素。     

丹参注射液对人红细胞胞浆Ca~(2 )浓度的影响

目的探讨丹参注射液改善人红细胞变形性的机理。方法采用荧光探针Fura_2定量分析法研究丹参注射液对离体健康成人和高血压病人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度的影响。结果高血压病人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度明显高于健康成人 (P<0 .001) ,丹参注射液能够降低离体健康成人和高血压病人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度 (P<0.01) ,并表现剂量依赖性 ,且作用效果与胞浆基础Ca2 浓度呈正相关 (P<0 .05)。结论降低人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度可能是丹参注射液增强红细胞变形能力的重要机理。这一作用机制更有利于改善基础红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度异常升高的高血压病人的微循环     

毛细血管内红细胞流变形态的平面观

作者应用微循环显微录像系统。对活体大白鼠肠系膜毛细血管内红细胞流变形态的平面观察,结果提示:红细胞流变形态的改变与其通过的血管管径大小有关;各种原因所致的红细胞变形能力降低,将导致严重的微循环障碍。     

~（60）Co－γ辐射对红细胞变形性的影响

红细胞的变形性是影响机体微循环的至关重要的因素。作者用激光衍射法测量了受６０Ｃｏ－γ射线照射小白鼠的红细胞的变形性，结果表明，受６０Ｃｏ－γ射线照射后，红细胞的变形性明显变差，且随着照射量的增加，红细胞的变形性受损更加严重。提出红细胞变形性的测量有可能成为放射病早期诊断的重要指标。     

白蛋白对红细胞力学性质影响的微观机理研究

作者采用激光衍射法、荧光分光光度法及电子顺磁共振法（ＥＳＲ）、从生物物理角度研究白蛋白地红细胞力学性质影响的机理。实验结果表明，不同深度的白蛋白处理红细胞后，可不同程度改善红细胞的变形性。在低浓度白蛋白条件下、白蛋白有较好改善红细胞变形性的作用。白蛋白浓度大于０．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ时，红细胞变形怀趋于稳定，如果红细胞呈棘形变形稍有减小。光学显微镜观察及荧光分光光度法及电子顺磁共振法测量红细胞流动性的实验     

心肌顿抑时红细胞变形性变化机理及其意义初探

目的和方法：本文通过一次性阻断兔冠脉左室支１５ｍｉｎ后再灌注复制在体心肌顿抑（ＭＳ）模型，动态观察心肌缺血前后红细胞变形指数（ｄｅｆｏｒｍａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｄｅｘ，ＤＩ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ，ＳＯＤ）活力、红细胞ＡＴＰ、红细胞丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量和心功能参数（左室舒张末压、左室收缩压±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）变化。结果：缺血末心功能下降最显著（Ｐ＜００１）；再灌注０５ｈ时ＭＤＡ明显升高，而ＤＩ、ＳＯＤ明显下降（Ｐ＜００１）。随继续再灌注上述指标逐渐恢复。各时点ＡＴＰ无明显变化。再灌注０５ｈ时红细胞ＭＤＡ与ＤＩ、ＳＯＤ均呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜００１），ＤＩ与＋ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ正相关（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：ＭＳ早期红细胞变形性降低与暂时性氧化－抗氧化失衡有关；再灌注早期红细胞变形性降低可能参与ＭＳ早期发生机制     

尼群地平对体外循环中红细胞钙及变形能力的影响

研究体外循环中钙桔抗剂对红细胞的影响。方法：对４０例非紫绀型先天性心脏病患者,按随机配对原则分为对照组（Ｃ组）与尼群地平组（Ｎ组）。测定体外循环期红细胞钙（Ｅ－Ｃａ２＋）、Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶与Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性、滤过指数（ＩＦ）、平均体积（ＭＣＶ）。结果：Ｃ组体外循环中Ｅ－Ｃａ２＋、ＩＦ、ＭＣＶ进行性增加,Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶与Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性下降,Ｅ－Ｃａ２＋与ＩＦ、ＭＣＶ直线正相关,而Ｎ组上述各项指标变化均明显减轻（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：结果提示体外循环中尼群地平对红细胞具有良好的保护作用。     

急性心肌缺血时红细胞变形性的变化及其机理

本实验观察了犬急性心肌缺血时体循环血与缺血区局部静脉血中红细胞变形性（ＲＣＤ）的变化。结果表明，阻断冠脉血流后高切变率下全血粘度（ηｂｈ）和红细胞刚性指数（ＥＲＩ）明显增高，而缺血区局部血液中此二者的变化明显大于体循环静脉血。事先切断内脏大神经，可使阻断冠脉后体循环血（而不是局部静脉血）的ηｂｈ和ＥＲＩ变化基本消失。缺血区局部血液ｐｈ和ｐＯ２明显降低，ｐＣＯ２明显增高，红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量减少和钙含     

冠心病不同程度冠脉狭窄时红细胞变形性和心功能变化及其意义

对冠心病（ＣＨＤ）按冠脉主要分支狭窄程度不同分组，测定红细胞变形指数（ＤＩ）和心功能参数（ＥＦ、ＦＳ）。结果表明，ＣＨＤ二亚组ＤＩ、ＥＦ、ＦＳ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜００１或００５），ＣＨＤ冠脉明显狭窄组ＤＩ及ＥＦ、ＦＳ显著低于轻度狭窄组（Ｐ＜００５）。提示ＤＩ、ＥＦ、ＦＳ可能对于区别ＣＨＤ有或无意义冠脉狭窄具有一定预示价值。     

老年人脑白质疏松症血液流变性及血液成分的改变

对３８例老年脑白质疏松症（ＬＡ）患者进行了部分血液流变性和血液成分指标的测定。结果：与健康者比较，ＬＡ患者全血粘度、血浆粘度、ＲＢＣ刚性指数和聚集指数、纤维蛋白原显著增高，ＲＢＣ变形能力明显降低，血Ｈｂ、ＭＣＶ、ＭＣＨ、ＭＣＨＣ、ＲＤＷ－ＣＶ显著增高。提示：血液流变性异常和红细胞老化参与了ＬＡ的发生。设法纠正患者高粘和高凝状态、提高红细胞变形能力有益于阻止该病的进展     

702例正常成人红细胞变形性与性别、年龄的相关性

采用激光衍射法对７０２例正常成人的红细胞变形指数ＤＩ值测定，并将测得的各个数据随年龄增长配对分不同年龄（范围）组作相关性研究。结果发现正常成人红细胞变形性随增龄呈抛物线状的改变。性别年龄与红细胞变形性关系有如下特征：（１）１８～２９岁男女组的ＤＩ值随增龄呈上升状态，达到正常成人的高峰，与增龄呈显著正相关，相关有显著意义，Ｐ＜０．０５。（２）１８～４４岁男女组随增龄ＤＩ值开始呈缓慢下降趋势，相关性由１８～２９岁的正相关逐渐过渡到负相关，相关无显著性意义，Ｐ＞０．０５。（３）１８～４９岁开始直至７９岁男女各组随增龄红细胞变形性明显下降，与增龄呈显著负相关，相关有非常显著意义，Ｐ＜０．００１。男女性的ＤＩ值，５４岁以前男女各组间比较，经ｔ检验，无显著性差异，Ｐ＞０．０５；１８～５９、１８～６４、１８～７４和１８～７９岁男女组间比较，有显著性差异，Ｐ＜０．０５。结果提示：正常成人在青年、壮年和老年前期、老年期的红细胞变形性有其不同变化特点，性别年龄与红细胞变形性相关有显著意义。