社会性别视角下社会资本与农村老年人生命质量的关系研究

目的调查农村老年人健康相关生命质量和社会资本的性别差异,并探讨二者之间的关系。方法2013年4~5月,在山东省三县采用分层整群随机抽样抽取975名60~75岁的农村老年人,利用SF-36量表和资源生成器量表,通过问卷调查的方式测量其健康相关生命质量和社会资本的拥有情况,应用广义线性模型分析不同性别老年人生命质量的主要影响因素。结果农村男性老人的生理层面和心理层面的生命质量得分分别为(57.70±28.72)分和(55.93±24.83)分,女性老人的生理层面和心理层面的生命质量得分分别为(43.43±33.00)分和(44.94±28.27)分。总体社会资本与男性和女性老人两个层面的生命质量均呈有统计学意义的正相关关系(P0.01)。广义线性回归分析显示,总体社会资本每提高1分,男性的生理和心理层面的生命质量得分分别提高1.08和0.79分,而女性的生理和心理层面的生命质量得分分别提高2.03和1.76分。结论农村男性老人的生理层面和心理层面的生命质量均优于女性老人,而女性老人能从社会资本中获得更大的健康收益。     

1097名农村老年人社会资本现况的横断面调查

目的 了解安徽省农村老年人社会资本现况及其影响因素。方法 2022年6—8月,应用便利抽样法选取安徽省马鞍山市、宣城市所辖区域乡镇社区的1 097名≥60岁农村老年人为调研对象,应用一般信息调查表和社会资本量表对老年人进行横断面调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 老年人的社会资本总分为（47.83±6.28）分,条目平均分为（3.42±0.45）分;家庭社会资本得分为（3.98±0.72）分,宏观社会资本得分为（3.91±0.65）分,社区社会资本得分为（3.54±0.68）分,个人社会资本得分为（3.27±0.58）分,社团社会资本得分为（2.01±1.05）分。经济来源、子女看望频率、是否锻炼、是否有兴趣爱好、生活自理能力对老年人的社会资本水平均有显著影响（均P<0.05）。结论 乡镇社区应充分发掘对老年人社会资本有积极影响的因素,提升老年人的社会资本水平。     

社会资本与健康关系的研究

20世纪80年代，社会科学中出现一新术语“社会资本”，当时研究者主要探讨社会资本对社会、经济发展的影响。近年来，随着人们对健康的关注，社会资本与健康的关系成为众多学者的研究热点。通过综述国内外文献，阐述了社会资本的定义、测量方法及社会资本与健康的关系。     

中国老年人健康类型识别及其性别差异研究

目的 从多健康维度探讨我国老年人潜在健康类型及其性别差异,为构建适宜不同性别老年人的健康管理措施提供参考依据.方法 资料来自2014年中国老人健康长寿跟踪调查数据(CLHLS),以65岁及以上老年人为研究对象.首先,从生理、心理和社会三个健康维度,选取具有完整健康指标的2886人,采用潜在类别分析方法探索潜在健康类型....     

社会健康对老年人慢性病患病影响

目的了解老年人慢性病患病现状,分析社会健康对老年人慢性病的影响,为今后老年人慢性病的健康管理提供科学依据。方法于2017年8月和2018年6月分别在浙江安吉和江苏泰兴2地,按年龄分层随机选取2 628名老年人并利用《中国老年人健康评估》社会健康分量表对其进行面对面访谈,从而对老年人慢性病影响因素进行分析。结果老年人患慢性病数与城乡分布(χ²=84.18,P <0.001)、年龄(χ²=60.00,P <0.001)、受教育程度(χ²=75.92,P <0.001)、60岁前所从事职业(χ²=70.70,P <0.001)、不同养老模式(χ²=13.31,P=0.038)和月人均收入(χ²=54.84,P <0.001)之间的差异具有统计学意义。老年人慢性病患病数与社会适应性有关,社会适应性越高老年人患慢性病的可能性越低。结论提高老年人社会适应性,促进老年人社会健康在老年人慢性病防治中将具有一定的作用。     

吉林省农村老年人健康管理对策研究*

目的提出针对吉林省农村老年人健康管理的对策与建议。方法对2015年第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查数据中的吉林省农村老年人样本进行实证研究。结果吉林省农村老年人空巢化严重,健康状况欠佳,经济条件较差,且缺乏自我健康管理意识;对农村老年人健康状况具有显著影响的是经济状况、是否锻炼、主要看病医疗机构的距离、住房满意度和是否体检等因素。结论实施针对吉林省农村老年人的健康管理,需要加大财政投入,加强基本公共卫生服务和人口健康信息化建设,提高乡镇级医疗机构的医疗服务水平,并推动健康医疗信息化新业态有序发展。     

性别差异视角下中国农村地区老年人虐待与心理健康关系

目的探讨虐待老年人与心理健康的关系及其在男性与女性群体中的差异。方法于2017年5月—2018年3月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在湖南省长沙、株洲和湘潭下辖的6个县区抽取1 418名农村户籍老年人作为调查对象,建立logistic回归模型对变量间的关系进行检验。结果 (1)农村地区老年人虐待检出率为32.9%,女性受到整体虐待、精神虐待和照料疏忽分别为59.3%、64.5%和59.4%,男性分别为40.7%、35.5%和40.6%。(2)有12.7%的老年人受到虐待程度高,受虐待老年人中有92.1%受到过≥2种虐待;女性受到高度长期虐待和4种虐待比例为55.0%和54.5%,男性为45.0%和45.5%;女性心理健康平均分为(2.74±0.86)分,男性平均分为(2.45±0.18)分(均P <0.05)。(3)在控制了人口经济社会学特征和社会支持变量后,整体虐待、精神虐待、虐待程度、虐待多重性与心理健康水平呈显著负相关(AOR=1.96、1.56、1.76、1.56,均P <0.01),将社会支持加入模型后,这种关联对于女性老年人仍具有显著性,对于男性老年不具统计学意义...     

社会资本与健康关系的研究

20世纪80年代,社会科学中出现一新术语"社会资本",当时研究者主要探讨社会资本对社会、经济发展的影响.近年来,随着人们对健康的关注,社会资本与健康的关系成为众多学者的研究热点.通过综述国内外文献,阐述了社会资本的定义、测量方法及社会资本与健康的关系.     

农村老年人社会资本与生活质量的关系：衰弱的中介效应

目的：探讨农村老年人社会资本、生活质量及衰弱三者的联系。方法：横断面研究,以云南省407名农村老人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、衰弱综合评估工具、农村老年人资源生成器量表及健康调查12条简表,调查老年人基本情况、衰弱程度、社会资本和生活质量。采用SPSS27.0进行统计描述及相关性分析;Process4.0程序进行中介效应检验。结果：社会资本对生活质量具有正向预测作用（β=0.403,P＜0.001）,对衰弱程度有负向预测作用（β=-0.477,P＜0.001）;衰弱程度对生活质量有负向预测作用（β=-0.532,P＜0.001）,且削弱了社会资本与生活质量间的相关性（β=0.149,P＜0.001）。衰弱在云南省农村老年人社会资本与生活质量间起部分中介作用（bootstrap95%CI：0.187~0.328）,中介效应占比63.03%。结论：社会资本可通过衰弱程度影响农村老年人生活质量。     

影响老年人健康的若干社会因素

健康不仅是没有疾病,而且是包括生理、心理和社会方面的完好状态.在现代社会,人们的生活方式、行为方式和环境等,对健康有着更为重要的影响.就老年人来说,家庭关系、婚姻状况、居住环境和居家养老、社会交往等社会因素,直接影响着老年人疾病转归和健康促进.     

农村丈夫社会性别意识对妻子生殖健康影响

目的 了解甘肃、青海、山西和新疆农村地区已婚男子社会性别意识的认知程度及其对妻子生殖健康的影响。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2010年对甘肃、青海、山西和新疆4省2 073名已婚男子的社会性别意识及其妻子的生殖健康状况进行面对面问卷调查。结果 24.6%的男性社会性别意识认知较差,46.3%处于中等水平,29.1%认知较好;2 073名妻子中,患过妇科病者占21.6%,患过≥3种妇科病者占3.3%,孕期做过≥5次产前检查者占30.7%,孕早期进行首次产检者占36.2%,孕期增加营养者占50.5%,住院分娩者占67.9%,丈夫社会性别意识认知水平对妻子上述6种生殖健康状况均有影响（P<0.01）;省份、家庭年收入、文化程度和年龄对丈夫社会性别意识认知得分的影响差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 农村地区已婚男子社会性别意识较差,对妻子生殖健康状况有明显影响。     

与子女关系对农村老人心理健康的影响

[目的]探讨子女数量、子女经济特征、代际关系等对老人心理健康的影响。[方法]对云南省15个州(市)60周岁及以上农村老人进行抽样调查,收回1983份有效问卷,覆盖云南省92个自然村。通过二分类Logistic回归分析影响老人心理健康的因素。[结果]农村老人心理健康评分为(93.95±23.084)分,其中得分为75分及以上有1541人(77.7%),75分以下有442人(22.3%)。单因素分析显示,与子女关系、子女经济状况、子女是否外出打工、子女对老人关心程度和子女探访频率对老人心理健康影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,子女数、与子女关系、子女是否在外打工、子女对老人的关心程度对老年人的心理健康有影响(P<0.05)。[结论]子女仍是农村老年父母心理慰藉的重要来源;代际关系中存在一定的矛盾心理;多子未必多福,女儿作用越来越重要;子女经济状况的影响呈现出复杂性。     

Toward an institutional perspective on social capital health interventions: lay community health workers as social capital builders

This article argues that social capital health research should move beyond a mere focus on social cohesion and network perspectives to integrate an institutional approach into the development of social capital health interventions. An institutional perspective, which is unique in its emphasis on linking social capital in addition to the bonding and bridging forms, contextualises social capital, allowing researchers to confront the complexity of social relationships. This perspective allows for the construction of interventions that draw on the resources of diverse actors, particularly the state. One intervention strategy with the potential to create community linkages involves lay community health workers (LCHWs), individuals who are trained to perform a variety of health-related functions but lack a formal professional health education. This article begins with a review of the institutional social capital-building literature. It then goes on to briefly review the social capital and health literature and discuss the state of intervention research. Thereafter, it describes LCHWs and discusses studies that have utilised LCHWs to tackle community health problems. In doing so, this article presents an institutional-based systematic framework for how LCHWs can build social capital, including a discussion of the ways in which LCHWs can successfully promote bonding, bridging and linking social capital.     

Harnessing the social capital of rural communities for youth mental health: an asset-based community development framework

In Australia, we are facing a period of mental health reform with the establishment of federally funded community youth services in rural areas of the country. These new services have great potential to improve the mental health of rural adolescents. In the context of this new initiative, we have four main objectives with this article. First, we consider the notion of social capital in relation to mental health and reflect on the collective characteristics of rural communities. Second, we review lessons learned from two large community development projects targeting youth mental health. Third, we suggest ways in which the social capital of rural communities might be harnessed for the benefit of youth mental health by using asset-based community development strategies and fourth, we consider the role that rural clinicians might play in this process.     

Social inequality and health: the role of social capital

The aim of the article is to examine whether and to what degree the unequal distribution of social capital in the population explains the relationship between socioeconomic position and health in Norway. Theoretical insight and empirical evidence seem to suggest that social capital mediates the effect of socioeconomic position on health outcomes. However, only a few studies have addressed this question and those that have done so have used few and simple indicators of social capital. This study is based on a nationwide cross-sectional survey (N = 3190) commissioned by Statistics Norway. The survey was designed to cover a comprehensive set of variables measuring different aspects of the theoretical construct of social capital. Two health outcomes, self-perceived health and longstanding illness, were analysed. The results showed that the mediating role of social capital between socioeconomic position and health was negligible for both health outcomes. After controlling for socio-demographic variables and socioeconomic position, only neighbourhood satisfaction and generalised trust showed a significant association with self-perceived health, whereas none of the social capital variables had any significant association with longstanding illness. Some theoretical and methodological implications of the results are discussed.     

Social capital and health in rural and urban communities in South Australia

Objective : This paper seeks to compare the relationships between social capital and health for rural and urban residents of South Australia.
Methods : Using data from a South Australian telephone survey of 2,013 respondents (1,402 urban and 611 rural), separate path analyses for the rural and urban samples were used to compare the relationships between six social capital measures, six demographic variables, and mental and physical health (measured by the SF-12).
Results : Higher levels of networks, civic participation and cohesion were reported in rural areas. Education and income were consistently linked with social capital variables for both rural and urban participants, with those on higher incomes and with higher educational achievement having higher levels of social capital. However, there were also differences between the rural and urban groups in some of the other predictors of social capital variables. Mental health was better among rural participants, but there was no significant difference for physical health. Social capital was associated with good mental health for both urban and rural participants, but with physical health only for urban participants. Higher levels of social capital were significantly associated with better mental health for both urban and rural participants, but with better physical health only for urban participants.
Conclusions and implications : The study found that social capital and its relationship to health differed for participants in rural and urban areas, and that there were also differences between the areas in associations with socioeconomic variables. Policies aiming to strengthen social capital in order to promote health need to be designed for specific settings and particular communities within these.     

农村留守儿童的社会认同状况及其对健康危险行为的影响

目的探讨农村留守儿童的社会认同状况及其对健康危险行为的影响,为农村留守儿童的身心保健工作提供科学依据。方法采用认同维度问卷(the Fourth Version of Aspects of Identity Questionnaire,AIQ-Ⅳ)和青少年健康相关危险行为问卷(the Adolescent Health Related Risky Behavior Inventory,AHRBI)对178名农村留守儿童和132名农村非留守儿童的社会认同和健康危险行为进行了调查。结果 1)农村留守儿童在个人认同因子上的得分显著高于非留守儿童(F=8.669,P0.01),在集体认同因子上的得分显著低于非留守儿童(F=88.403,P0.01);2)社会认同能够预测农村留守儿童健康危险行为的10%的变异,其因果结构模型的RMR=0.034,GFI=0.909,IFI=0.913,PGFI=0.525。结论农村留守儿童的个人认同水平高而集体认同水平低,社会认同是其健康危险行为的重要影响因素。     

社会资本在健康领域的应用现状

在解释收入不平等对健康差异的影响作用时，流行病学家引入了社会资本的概念，尽管社会资本理论自身还存在很多争议，但其与健康关系的研究引起了众多学者的兴趣。本文从各种社会资本的概念，社会资本在健康领域研究中的应用，社会资本影响健康的可能机制，各种测量方法和存在的不足以及在中国目前的应用现状等方面进行了浅析。     

Maternal social capital and child health in Vietnam

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between maternal social capital and child physical and mental health in Vietnam. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. Measures of maternal structural social capital comprised group membership, citizenship, and social support. Measures of cognitive social capital comprised trust, social harmony, sense of fairness, and belonging. Child health was measured by anthropometrics and mothers' reports of acute and chronic physical health problems and child mental health. PARTICIPANTS: 2907 mothers and their 1 year old or 8 year old children from five provinces in Vietnam. MAIN RESULTS: The study found low levels of group membership and citizenship and high levels of cognitive social capital and support, and generally higher levels of social capital among the mothers of 8 year old compared with 1 year old children. All but one association was in the hypothesised direction (that is, higher levels of social capital associated with reduced risk of child health problems). There were more statistically significant relations between maternal social capital and the health of 1 year olds compared with 8 year old children, and between measures of social support and cognitive social capital and child health, than with group membership and involvement in citizenship activities. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to explore the association between multiple dimensions of social capital and a range of different child health outcomes in the developing world. These results now need to be tested using longitudinal data.     

A multilevel analysis of social capital and self-rated health: Evidence from China

We investigate relationship between social capital and self-rated health (SRH) in urban and rural China. Using a nationally representative data collected in 2005, we performed multilevel analyses. The social capital indicators include bonding trust, bridging trust, social participation and Chinese Communist Party membership. Results showed that only trust was beneficial for SRH in China. Bonding trust mainly promoted SRH at individual level and bridging trust mainly at county level. Moreover, the individual-level bridging trust was only positively associated with SRH of urban residents, which mirrored the urban–rural dual structure in China. We also found a cross-level interaction effect of bonding trust in urban area. In a county with high level of bonding trust, high-bonding-trust individuals obtained more health benefit than others; in a county with low level of bonding trust, the situation was the opposite.