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目的 了解深圳市HIV/AIDS病例经异性性传播方式的特征,为制定相应的预防控制措施提供依据。 方法 采用SPSS 13.0软件对深圳市2016—2018年新报告的经异性性传播感染的HIV/AIDS病例进行统计分析。 结果 2016—2018年,深圳市新报告经异性性传播感染的HIV/AIDS病例共2 935例,平均年龄(38.1±12.7)岁,男性病例占79.5%,未婚占46.7%,流动人口占83.7%。异性性传播方式中非商业非婚性传播占61.8%,商业性传播占30.7%。不同性别、年龄组、婚姻状况和文化程度的HIV/AIDS病例经异性性传播感染HIV的方式差异有统计学意义。 结论 深圳市异性性传播方式以非商业非婚性传播为主。今后应重点关注非商业非婚性传播,扩大艾滋病宣传教育范围,并对不同特征的高危人群采取有针对性的干预措施,控制HIV经异性性传播。 相似文献
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目的 分析邳州市2015—2019年间报告的HIV/AIDS病人的疫情特点,为制定艾滋病防制措施提供科学依据。方法 通过分析“艾滋病综合防治信息系统”2015—2019年邳州市HIV/AIDS历史卡片及病例随访资料库,分析邳州市HIV/AIDS病人的疫情特点。结果 2015—2019年共报告199例,占累计报告病例数的55.59%。病例多集中在25~50岁青壮年阶段,且年龄构成在历年间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.989,P=0.158)。职业以农民为主,占54.27%,男性病例远高于女性,2018年新病例男女性别比最高为48:2,性途径为主要传播途径,但性别(χ2=0.565,P=0.452)、职业(χ2=0.052,P=0.820)和感染途径(χ2=0.834,P=0.361)在历年间差异无统计学意义。医疗检测为主要病例发现方式,4种发现途径差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.901,P=0.008),其中女性(92.31%)被动发现的构成比远高于男性(61.85%)。结论 邳州市HIV/AIDS病例数呈上升趋势,以青壮年男性居多,被动发现仍是当前病例发现的主要途径。下一步要强化艾滋病宣传教育和预防干预工作,以提高高危人群的主动检测意识。 相似文献
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目的 分析宿迁市50岁及以上人群HIV感染状况及晚发现情况影响因素。方法 搜集2016年1月1日—2020年12月31日现住址在宿迁市的HIV/AIDS患者基本信息进行描述性流行病学研究。结果 2016—2020年宿迁市共报告595例HIV/AIDS患者, 50岁及以上病例数占报告总数的18.69%(89例)。2016—2020年50岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例数由2016年的7例(7.00%),上升至2020年的26例(20.63%)。50岁及以上老年病例占比在性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、感染途径上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。被动检测发现在HIV/AIDS病例中以初中及以下文化程度为主(Fisher’s 精确概率P=0.048)。89例老年病例中,晚发现比例为62.94%。年龄越大,晚发现病例存活率越低(Fisher’s 精确概率P=0.008)。结论 宿迁市50岁及以上人群HIV/AIDS持续增长,晚发现比例维持在较高水平,应加大针对老年人群的艾滋病宣传教育,提高他们的主动检测意识。 相似文献
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目的 了解深圳市龙岗区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS患者)的死亡情况,并分析其相关影响因素。 方法 通过中国疾病预防控制艾滋病综合防治信息系统,选取2010年1月1日至2018年12月31日现住址为深圳市龙岗区的HIV/AIDS患者,按照病例入选标准确定研究对象;应用多因素Cox比例风险模型分析影响死亡的相关因素。 结果 本研究共选取590例HIV/AIDS患者,死亡236例(男性187例,女性49例)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,在婚、离异或丧偶者发生死亡的风险分别是未婚者的0.003倍和0.418倍;确诊时为AIDS患者的死亡风险是HIV感染者的9.149倍;异性传播、同性传播和采供血的死亡风险分别是注射吸毒的0.319、0.079和0.004倍;未接受CD4检测者的死亡风险是接受CD4检测者的9.166倍;接受抗病毒治疗者的死亡风险是未接受抗病毒治疗者的0.052倍。 结论 深圳市龙岗区HIV/AIDS患者死亡情况受多种因素影响,接受CD4检测和进行抗病毒治疗能明显降低HIV/AIDS患者死亡风险。提倡早期发现、早期诊断、进一步扩大CD4检测和抗病毒治疗的覆盖面,并加强追踪随访和管理,以降低HIV/AIDS患者死亡率,提高其生存质量。 相似文献
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目的 分析2014—2018年湖南省艾滋病抗病毒治疗开展情况及影响因素,为实现“治疗90%、有效90%”的目标提供参考和依据。 方法 利用湖南省2014—2018年随访管理数据库和抗病毒治疗管理数据库,采用Excel 10.0及SPSS 20.0软件,计算抗病毒治疗比例和治疗成功率,计算不同年度新报告HIV/AIDS患者纳入抗病毒治疗的时间分布,分析2018年湖南省存活HIV/AIDS接受抗病毒治疗的影响因素及不同特征对抗病毒治疗比例的影响。 结果 2014—2018年间,湖南省抗病毒治疗比例从67.2%上升到86.7%,治疗成功率从90.8%上升到94.4%,确证后30 d内纳入抗病毒治疗的比例从38.1%上升到55.9%,女性(OR:1.17,95%CI:1.08~1.27)、25~50岁人群(OR:1.32,95%CI:1.18~1.48)和>50岁人群(OR:1.47,95%CI:1.28~1.68)、已婚或有配偶(OR:2.03,95%CI:1.86~2.22)、离异或丧偶(OR:1.45,95%CI:1.32~1.60)、最近一次CD4+ T淋巴细胞<200个/μl(OR:1.50,95%CI:1.35~1.67)等因素人群抗病毒治疗比例较高。结论 抗病毒治疗及时性和治疗比例仍需要进一步提高,性别为男性、年龄≤24岁、异性传播及注射毒品、未婚、高CD4+ T淋巴细胞水平(>500个/μl)及未及时进行CD4+T细胞检测等因素是患者接受抗病毒治疗的不利因素,需针对不同特征人群采取有效措施,加大治疗宣教力度及规范管理,进一步提高治疗比例。 相似文献
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目的 了解湖北省艾滋病感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)晚发现情况,分析影响因素,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法 根据晚发现病例定义测算湖北省2014-2016年HIV/AIDS晚发现比例,比较不同特征和地区之间的差异。结果 湖北省2014-2016年报告HIV/AIDS 8 275例,晚发现病例3 121例,晚发现比例为37.72%。晚发现比例女性(42.95%)高于男性(36.63%);55~65岁(51.97%)的比例最高,其次是65岁以上(50.24%);本省户籍(39.37%)高于外省户籍(25.21%);职业为离退人员(51.68%)的最高,其次是农民(47.57%)。婚姻状况为未婚(24.38%)的比例最低;文化程度为小学(49.22%)的最高,其次是文盲(47.55%)。感染途径异性传播(46.46%)高于同性传播(26.10%);样本来源为其他就诊者(50.77%)的最高,其次是术前检测(43.71%)。晚发现比例最高的地区是黄冈市(53.66%)、黄石市(46.81%)和鄂州市(45.37%)。不同人群特征和地区晚发现比例之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 湖北省2014-2016年晚发现比例较高,应针对晚发现风险大的人群和地区加强监测,尽早地发现感染者。 相似文献
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目的 了解长沙市无偿献血者HIV感染情况,评估长沙市采供血机构的检测策略和处理措施的有效性。 方法 收集了2016—2020年长沙市无偿献血者HIV检测数据,分析了初筛、确证检测数据。并将结果录入SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 长沙市献血者HIV初筛阳性率为0.14%(1 070/777 937),HIV确证阳性率为2.02/万(157/777 937)。每年HIV初筛阳性率变化无显著性差异(dy=0.029,P=0.392),每年1,3,7,8和10月初筛阳性率相对较高。HIV确证阳性人群均为ELISA双试剂检测阳性。不确定人群S/CO值主要分布在0.5-5范围内,占60.7%。HIV不确定人群确证结果以单p24条带出现为主,出现率为64.3%。 结论 长沙市无偿献血者HIV初筛阳性率不高且近5年来没有显著的变化趋势。长沙市采供血机构目前筛查HIV检测策略和处理措施合理高效,能够有效降低因HIV初筛阳性造成的血液报废,也能够有效降低HIV输血传播的风险。 相似文献
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《AIDS policy & law》1995,10(19):12
The Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission ruled that a policy to refuse admittance to HIV-positive army recruits is unlawful. The Australian Army argued that the law allowed it to deny military employment to an HIV-positive individual, citing risk to that individual and his peers. Australia's Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), however, forbids employment discrimination. The U.S. Congress is working toward discharging all HIV-positive military personnel. Unlike the DDA, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) does not apply to the military. 相似文献
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《AIDS policy & law》1996,11(10):12
The House of Representatives approved a defense authorization bill that requires the Pentagon to discharge service members who test positive for HIV antibodies. This is the second measure of its kind. Last year, Rep. Robert K. Dornan (R-CA) pushed through Congress a similar measure that was repealed after encountering public opposition. President Clinton said he will veto the defense bill in its current form. The bill provides $13 billion in spending beyond the amount the Pentagon requested, resurrects plans for the Star Wars missile defense system, and rescinds Clinton's don't ask, don't tell policy toward gay men and lesbians in the military. Rep. Peter Torkildsen (R-MA) is confident that the HIV provision can be stricken when the bill goes to a House-Senate conference committee in a few weeks. 相似文献
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T. A. Haakma S. Luder E. Müller B. Somaini 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2017,25(6):565-571
Purpose
This article proposes a strategy for Switzerland to change the goal from HIV control to HIV elimination. In Switzerland, HIV treatment is well organized and available for all with good access.Methods
An important challenge that obstructs prevention is the new infections originating from people who are unaware of their status. Since the majority of new infections in Switzerland are within the group of men who have sex with men (MSM), this strategy targets MSM who do not know their HIV status and engage in risky sexual behavior.Results
The strategy focuses on three pillars: collaboration and leadership, key actions and important indicators. To guide this effort, we proposed a task force to be responsible for leading this strategy. Its actions are centered around four aspects: learn from MSM, promote and facilitate testing, and include PrEP and PEP in the prevention package together with partner information. This article also provides important indicators that must be measured to inform the task force and to adapt or strengthen the strategy to reach the goal.Conclusion
Reaching the right persons and offering the right “prevention package” are the key challenges for Switzerland to be among the first countries to eliminate HIV transmission.15.
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《AIDS policy & law》1995,10(11):12
The Defense Department has written into its budget a proposal to discharge all HIV-positive members of the armed services. The House Committee on National Security has approved the fiscal 1996 defense budget with the ban included. Rep. Robert K. Dornan, R- Calif., contends that having HIV-positive service members in the military compromises the nation's readiness because, under Defense Department policy, they cannot be stationed abroad. However, only one-fifth of all service members on limited assignment have HIV, the others have diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. This shows the military's readiness to discriminate against HIV-positive individuals, according to William J. Freeman of the National Association of People with AIDS. Currently all recruits are tested for HIV; if they test positive, they are denied entry to the armed services. All service members are tested annually for HIV antibodies. In anticipation of cutbacks in military-related AIDS research due to the Republican control of Congress, the military has begun to eliminate most of the AIDS research it conducts. 相似文献
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P A Wilkie 《Scottish medical journal》1987,32(4):114-116
HIV infection and AIDS have focused attention on counselling as a major and integral part of the total clinical care of HIV seropositive and AIDS patients. There is, as yet, no cure for HIV infection and treatment is of the symptoms as they appear. This combined with the lack of knowledge of how the infection may progress has led to a very great uncertainty for the patients, their families, their sexual partners and the staff who are looking after them. For the haemophiliac patient here has been the additional problem of having been clearly identified as one of the AIDS risk groups resulting in many haemophiliacs being reluctant to disclose that they have haemophilia. The question of confidentiality, of the worried well, of the responses of others and of counselling for family and partners are also discussed. 相似文献
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Danziger R 《Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1997,40(3):231-236
Hungary is a country with relatively low HIV prevalence. Since 1989, a wide range of HIV prevention projects has been developed both by government agencies and by an increasingly active voluntary sector. While energy and resources continue to be invested in HIV information and education, some senior public health officials have argued that it is the country's compulsory HIV testing and compulsory reporting system which have enabled it to maintain its low seroprevalence levels. The testing and reporting system are soon to be reformed, however, in response to growing demands for better protection of personal privacy and confidentiality. Whether or not the forthcoming reforms will have an impact on HIV prevention, and what the nature of this impact will be, remain to be seen. 相似文献
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《AIDS policy & law》1996,11(6):12
A stopgap spending bill that would repeal a recently enacted provision discharging members of the armed services who test positive for HIV was approved in the Senate. The provision, inserted into the bill by Rep. Robert K. Dornan (R-CA), was part of a $256 defense authorization bill that forces the Pentagon to discharge all HIV-positive service members within 6 months of diagnosis. Dornan promises to insert the same language into next year's defense bill if the repeal stands. 相似文献