The incidence of squamous and transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in northern Tanzania in areas of high and low levels of endemic Schistosoma haematobium infection

Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest type of bladder malignancy in most areas of northern Tanzania. Of 172 cases of bladder cancer recorded in 9 years, 72% were squamous cell carcinomas. Of these, 46% had Schistosoma haematobium eggs in sections taken from tumour tissue. The geographical distribution of this tumour closely corresponded to the prevalence of S. haematobium infection. The Mt Kilimanjaro area is free of schistosomiasis and virtually lacks squamous cell carcinoma. Although transitional cell carcinoma is rare in all regions of northern Tanzania, the relative frequency of bladder cancer in the Mt Kilimanjaro area was only one-third of that seen in other regions; population-based incidence rates were also very low in this area.     

Water demand and schistosomiasis among the Gumau people of Bauchi State, Nigeria

A helminthological study of stool and urine samples from 1037 people from 4 rural communities in Gumau District of Bauchi State, Nigeria, was carried out using formol-ether concentration and direct centrifugation methods respectively. 39.0% of persons examined were infected. Ova of Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni were the most common. Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, tapeworm and Strongyloides stercoralis were also encountered. 17.9% and 10.8% of examined persons had S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections respectively. A significant relationship was found between water demand index (number of persons per well) and infection with S. haematobium (r = 0.95) and S. mansoni (r = 0.88) (P less than 0.01). Such a relationship was not found with other helminth infections. A significant association was also found between distance from a river and prevalence of S. haematobium (r = 0.94) and S. mansoni (r = 0.95) (P less than 0.01), but not with the other helminth infections. These findings suggest that the water demand index may be an important factor in the epidemiology of schistosome infections in rural communities.     

Triple primary cancers involving kidney,urinary bladder,and liver in a dye worker

A case of triple primary cancers (renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver) was reported at autopsy. A 53-year-old man, who had a history of exposure to benzidine, underwent nephrectomy for a left renal cell carcinoma and 10 years later, transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) for a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. At the age of 65, he was diagnosed as having multiple hepatic tumors. Histological examination of biopsy specimens showed these lesions to be undifferentiated carcinomas. Immunohistological examination of both biopsy and autopsy specimens revealed that multiple hepatic tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas, not metastatic tumors from kidney or urinary bladder: tumor cells of hepatic tumors were positive for α-fetoprotein, although renal cell carcinomas and transitional cell carcinomas of urinary bladder were positive for Ber-EP4 and keratin, respectively. These findings suggest not only that immunohistological examination is helpful for the diagnosis of multiple primary cancers but also that benzidine may be hepatocarcinogenic in addition to those cancers that are known to be associated with benzidine exposure, i.e., renal cell carcinomas and transitional cell carcinomas in urinary bladder. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:44–49 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

林州居民食管癌p53基因突变谱分析与不同地区食管癌和其他类型肿瘤的比较

目的：分析河南省林州市与其他地区食管癌前病变和鳞状细胞癌p53突变谱,探讨食管癌变的发病因素。方法：采用生物信息学和Monte Carlo方法,依据IARC p53突变数据库、Curic研究院p53突变数据库和郑州大学医学院癌症研究所实验室的资料,用FileMark Pro3.0软件系统建立局部资料库进行分析。结果：林州食管癌高发区食管鳞癌碱基替换的发生率低于其他地区食管鳞癌的发生率（32.8 vs 39.8%),但CpG位点G：C→A：T的发生率高于其他地区食管癌（29.6% vs 16.4%)。林州食管癌突变位点具有明显的特征,主要发生在273（占所有错义突变的11.3%)、175（9.7%)、159（6.5%)和282（6.5%)位密码子的CpG位点上。林州地区食管鳞癌p53突变与其他地区食管鳞癌以及头颈部鳞癌p53突变相比,差异有显著性（P=0.02)。结论：林州食管癌p53突变具有内、外源致癌原所致突变的特征,提示慢性炎症、饮食习惯和接触致癌原,可能是林州居民发生食管鳞癌的主要危险因素。     

Use of remote sensing and a geographical information system in a national helminth control programme in Chad

OBJECTIVE: To design and implement a rapid and valid epidemiological assessment of helminths among schoolchildren in Chad using ecological zones defined by remote sensing satellite sensor data and to investigate the environmental limits of helminth distribution. METHODS: Remote sensing proxy environmental data were used to define seven ecological zones in Chad. These were combined with population data in a geographical information system (GIS) in order to define a sampling protocol. On this basis, 20 schools were surveyed. Multilevel analysis, by means of generalized estimating equations to account for clustering at the school level, was used to investigate the relationship between infection patterns and key environmental variables. FINDINGS: In a sample of 1023 schoolchildren, 22.5% were infected with Schistosoma haematobium and 32.7% with hookworm. None were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. The prevalence of S. haematobium and hookworm showed marked geographical heterogeneity and the observed patterns showed a close association with the defined ecological zones and significant relationships with environmental variables. These results contribute towards defining the thermal limits of geohelminth species. Predictions of infection prevalence were made for each school surveyed with the aid of models previously developed for Cameroon. These models correctly predicted that A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura would not occur in Chad but the predictions for S. haematobium were less reliable at the school level. CONCLUSION: GIS and remote sensing can play an important part in the rapid planning of helminth control programmes where little information on disease burden is available. Remote sensing prediction models can indicate patterns of geohelminth infection but can only identify potential areas of high risk for S. haematobium.     

Differences in the rate of hepatosplenomegaly due to Schistosoma mansoni infection between two areas in Machakos District, Kenya.

The relationship between intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection and the degree of related morbidity was suspected to differ locally within the Machakos district of Kenya. To test this possibility, prevalences of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly among 1483 school children were compared between 2 areas, Kangundo and Kambu, within this district. These areas, which were similar in many geographical and economic respects and populated by the same tribe (Akamba), had comparable levels of S. mansoni infection and no S. haematobium infection. A relationship was observed between the prevalence of hepatomegaly and intensity of S. mansoni infection, which showed no consistent difference between the 2 areas. In contrast, a relationship between the prevalence of splenomegaly and intensity of S. mansoni infection was observed only in the Kambu schools, and not in the Kangundo schools where the overall prevalence of splenomegaly was much lower. It was possible that part of the splenomegaly observed in Kambu was due to malaria. However, the observation that malaria and schistosomiasis in 2 Kambu schools were not positively correlated allowed approximations to be made of the relative contributions of each to the prevalence of splenomegaly. It was concluded that, in a school close to the river that formed the main transmission site of S. mansoni, schistosomiasis-related hepatosplenomegaly was present in at least 17% of children. The reason for the high prevalence in Kambu of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis remains uncertain, but it could include a synergistic interaction of schistosome infection with malaria.     

Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and HIV in females living in a rural community of Zimbabwe: does age matter?

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 544 women living in Mupfure rural area of Zimbabwe to determine whether infection with urinary schistosomiasis is associated with HIV infection. Schistosoma haematobium infection was examined in urine samples and HIV infection was determined in sera. The prevalence of S. haematobium infection was highest (60%) in women below 20 years of age and declined to 29% in the oldest age group (test for trends, P<0.001). Overall, women infected with urinary schistosomiasis had an HIV prevalence of 33.3%, whilst women without urinary schistosomiasis had an HIV prevalence of 25.6% (chi(2), P=0.053). Women above the age of 35 years and infected with urinary schistosomiasis had a significantly higher HIV prevalence (37.5%) than those without urinary schistosomiasis (16.8%; chi(2), P<0.001).     

Studies on schistosomiasis in the Niger Delta: Schistosoma intercalatum in the urban city of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Ova of S. intercalatum have been found in the urban city of Port Harcourt in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, following examination of stool and urine samples from 1,709 persons (5-15 years of age) resident in various parts of the city. The ova occurred only in urine, with prevalence ranging from 1.0% to 9.8% with an overall prevalence of 5.7%. The intensity of the infection was low. Most infected individuals had counts of less than 500 ova in total bladder content. There was no significant difference in either the prevalence or intensity of the infection among the sexes (Male; prevalence 6.1%, intensity 527.3 vs Female; prevalence 5.4%, intensity 500.9). No case of infection with either S. haematobium or S. mansoni was encountered in the study. Malacological surveys in the gutters, creeks, streams and stagnant waterbodies within the city showed the presence of Lymnaea natalensis, Bulinus forskalii, Pila ovata, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa sp., Lanistes ovum and Segmentorbis sp. B. forskalii is indicated as the probable vector of S. intercalatum in the city. The growing problem of urban schistosomiasis in tropical Africa is discussed. Further studies on urban transmission and epidemiology of schistosomiasis in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria is also indicated.     

HPV不同高危亚型在宫颈腺癌、宫颈鳞癌中的表达及临床意义研究

目的：研究HPV不同的高危亚型在宫颈腺癌和宫颈鳞癌中的表达差异,从而得出在宫颈癌的医学治疗中HPV所发挥的作用。方法：采用引物及多重型特异聚合酶链反应检测60例门诊宫颈癌患者（其中宫颈腺癌30例,宫颈鳞癌30例）在石蜡包埋组织中HPV六种高危亚型（HPV16、18、31、33、45、16/18）的感染情况,分析不同HPV高危型在宫颈癌与宫颈鳞癌中的存在意义。结果：对60例宫颈癌患者检验后发现：其包埋组织中HPV感染率分别为71.7%、80.0%;通过引物聚合酶链反应检测感染有脱漏的现象,HPV在宫颈癌中的比例较高占主要地位。HPV高危亚型存在不同的表达形式：HPV18与宫颈腺癌最具相关性,HPV16则与宫颈鳞癌密切相关,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。高危型HPV感染与宫颈淋巴结转移、肿块大小、临床分析、及组织学分级均无关（P＆gt;0.05）。HPV18感染与年龄及淋巴结转移关系密切（P〈0.05）。结论：HPV亚型在不同组织类型中的表达差异,在一定程度上解释了宫颈腺癌不同组织的发病机制,在临床和指导预测预后方面发挥了重要作用。     

Serum parathyroid hormone levels in the hypercalcaemia of urological malignant disease.

Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been measured in 8 patients with hypercalcaemia associated with urological malignancy: 3 renal cell carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas of prostate, 2 transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and one transitional cell carcinoma of kidney. Five (63%) of these 8 patients had bone metastases. PTH was detectable in the serum of all 8 hypercalcaemic patients, but in only 2 cases was the PTH level above the normal range, and in one of these a coincidental parathyroid adenoma was found to be responsible for the hypercalcaemia. It appears that these tumours can produce a hormone-like substance with biological effects similar to PTH.     

Patterns of concurrent hookworm infection and schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Tanzania

A cross-sectional study of 6897 schoolchildren in 59 out of the 155 primary schools in Magu District on the shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, was undertaken in 1997 to determine the prevalence of single- and multiple-species helminth infection. Schistosoma haematobium, hookworm (primarily Necator americanus) and S. mansoni were the most common helminth species infecting schoolchildren in the district. The prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were negligible (< 1%). Anaemia and stunting were highly prevalent and widespread. Hookworm and S. mansoni occurred more frequently in multiple infections with other helminths than as single-species infections, but triple-species infection was rare. Analysis of the frequency distribution of infection amongst schools showed that prevalences of S. haematobium and hookworm tended to be normally distributed, with medians 75% and 45%, respectively, while the distribution of S. mansoni was markedly skewed such that only 17% schools had a prevalence greater than 20%. An inverse association between S. mansoni and S. haematobium was observed. Geographical information system (GIS) analysis indicated that S. mansoni infection was highly prevalent only along the shore of Lake Victoria, whilst S. haematobium was homogeneously prevalent everywhere except the lakeshore. This pattern appears to reflect the distribution of schistosome species-specific snail intermediate hosts. The results imply that joint treatment for hookworm infection and schistosomiasis would be beneficial throughout the district.     

Racial differences in bladder cancer risk: a case-control study

To determine why the incidence rate of transitional cell bladder cancer in whites in the United States is approximately twice that in blacks, the authors examined data from a large population-based case-control study of bladder cancer conducted in 1978 involving 2,982 cases and 5,782 controls. The relative risk of transitional cell carcinoma for whites compared with blacks was 1.9 before adjustment for the major bladder cancer risk factors, whereas after adjustment for cigarette smoking and occupation it was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.1). Further adjustment for other risk factors, including history of a bladder infection and a family history of urinary tract cancer, did not alter this estimate. The elevated risk of white compared with blacks was limited, however, to cases whose disease was confined to the mucosa and submucosa. Among cases whose disease had extended to the bladder musculature or beyond, whites were at slightly reduced risk compared with blacks. This suggests that whites may be diagnosed with conditions that go undetected in blacks but that are unlikely as a group to progress to more extensive disease. Because of the population-based nature of the study, it was possible to determine that if bladder cancer incidence among whites of both sexes was reduced to the level among blacks, total incidence in the United States would fall by 36 per cent.     

Incidence and pathologic distribution of esophageal cancers at the gastro-esophageal junction between 1993-2003

There was a significant change in the histology of oesophageal cancers in the last few decades. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has risen considerably, now it is equally or even more prevalent than squamous cell cancers in some North American and Western European countries. As no Hungarian data is available, the authors' aim was to investigate the prevalence and histology of oesophageal and gastrooesophageal junction cancers in the last decade. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 451 patients diagnosed with oesophageal (n = 371, 296 male/75 female, mean age at diagnosis: 57.9 SD 10.1 years) or cardia (n = 80, 58 male/22 female, mean age at diagnosis: 65.2 SD 13.4 years) cancer between 1st of January 1993 and 31st of December 2003 at the 1st Internal Medicine and 1st Surgery Department of Semmelweis University were enrolled. Pathology and clinical data were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: 93% (n = 345) of the patients with oesophageal cancer had squamous cell carcinomas, while adenocarcinoma was only diagnosed in 15 (4%) patients. Mean age at diagnosis was lower in patients with squamous cell cancer (57.4 SD 10.0 years) compared to patients with adenocarcinoma (66.9 SD 8.8 years, p = 0.001). Male-to-female ratio was 4:1 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (277/68) and undifferentiated carcinoma (9/2), while it was 2:1 in patients with adenocarcinoma (10/5). According to the location 1.3% of cancers of the midthoracic oesophagus and 8.6% of the lower oesophagus were adenocarcinoma. The proportion of adenocarcinoma remained stable over the observed period (1993-1997: 3.7% vs. 1998-2003: 4.3%). In contrast, 71.25% (57/80) of the gastrooesophageal junction cancers and overall 15.9% (72/451) of the cancers of the oesophagus and gastrooesophageal junction were adenocarcinoma (1993-1997: 17.2% vs. 1998-2003: 14.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Since only a few percentages of authors patients with oesophageal cancers were diagnosed to have adenocarcinoma and its proportion remained stable over the observed period, it seems that in contrast to North American and Western European countries, adenocarcinoma is still infrequent in Hungary.     

高危型人乳头瘤状病毒检测与宫颈癌前病变的研究

目的探讨杂交捕获第二代技术（HC2）检测高危型人乳头瘤状病毒DNA（HPV—DNA）与宫颈癌前疾病的关系,评价该技术在宫颈癌前疾病中的临床价值。方法对本院妇科住院的262例慢性宫颈炎患者进行薄层液基细胞学（TCT）、HC2和阴道镜下多点活检,分析其诊断的灵敏度、特异度。结果HC2检查的262例患者中,正常与炎症组、CIN1、CIN2、CIN3和宫颈癌组HPV感染率分别为21．5％、66．7％、90．0％、98．3％、100％;各级宫颈病变HPV感染率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但以20岁一组HPV感染率最高（62．9％）,各年龄组HPV感染率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。HC2、TCT及联合两种方法的灵敏度分别为89．4％、53％、92．4％;特异度分别为78．5％、97．7％、76．9％;阳性预测值为80．8％、95．9％、80．3％：·阴性预测值为87．9％、67．2％、90．9％。结论高危型HPV感染与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌密切相关,其感染率随着宫颈病变程度的增加而升高。育龄妇女是高危型HPV筛查的目标人群。HC2检测高危型HPV是筛查宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌的有效方法,联合TCT检查,可有效指导临床诊断。     

Work in dry cleaning and the incidence of cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, and oesophagus.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether employment in dry cleaning, and potential exposure to perchloroethylene (PCE), were associated with increased risk of carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, and gastric cardia. METHODS: Two population based case-control studies were carried out. There were 491 cases of carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx, 235 of the larynx, and 404 of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. 724 controls were selected by random digit dialing. Personal interviews ascertained information on lifetime job histories, cigarette use, alcohol consumption, and other potential risk factors. The probability and level of exposure to PCE were estimated from the scientific literature. RESULTS: People who worked in dry cleaning tended to consume less alcohol and cigarettes than the general population. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) associated with ever having worked in dry cleaning was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.6 to 4.4) for all cancer types together. The strongest associations were with laryngeal (OR 2.7; 95% CI 0.6 to 10.9) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OR 3.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 27.0). For laryngeal cancer, the relative risk increased with number of years employed in the dry cleaning industry (P = 0.14. The two cases of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas had worked in dry cleaning for only a short time. Analyses of subsites showed higher risks for supraglottic laryngeal cancer (OR 5.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 32.1) and cancer of the tongue (OR 2.3; 95% CI 0.4 to 12.6). Analyses of exposure to PCE yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings could easily be explained by chance; nevertheless, they are consistent with previous reports of excess risk of oesophageal, laryngeal, and tongue cancer, and suggest that previous studies of dry cleaners that could not control for alcohol and cigarette use may have underestimated the relative risks of such cancers.     

PTEN在膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨PTEN在膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌中的表达与其发生、发展的关系及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化法检测62例膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌和23例正常膀胱黏膜标本中PTEN的表达情况,分析其表达与膀胱癌的发生,病理分级及临床分期的关系。结果：PTEN在膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌组织和正常膀胱黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别是100%和46.77%,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且膀胱癌细胞分化越差,临床分期越高,PTEN阳性表达率越低,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌的发生、发展与PTEN的表达缺失有关。检测其表达情况对膀胱癌的预后判断及治疗选择可能具有重要价值。     

临沂地区女性宫颈鳞癌和癌前病变组织中高危型HPV感染状况分析

目的 分析临沂地区宫颈鳞癌和癌前病变组织中高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)的感染状况和分布特点,以期为临沂地区宫颈癌防治和疫苗接种提供一定的理论依据.方法 选取2017年2月—2018年9月临沂市人民医院病理科诊断的宫颈鳞癌和癌前病变活检或手术切除标本191例,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)结合Taqman技术对其进行...     

肺癌组织中P63、TTF-1、CK7水平对肺癌的鉴别诊断分析

目的探讨肺癌组织中P63蛋白(P63)、甲状腺转录因子-1 (TTF-1)、细胞角蛋白7 (CK7)水平对肺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法选择2017年1月至2020年1月我院的86例肺癌穿刺活检样本,以病理检测作为"金标准",采用免疫组织化学染色法(S-P检测法)检测样本中P63、 TTF-1、 CK7水平表达情况,根据表达情况分析鉴别诊断鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌及腺鳞癌的价值。结果 P63在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌及腺鳞癌阳性表达率分别为100.00%、 5.88%、 0.00%、 100.00%;TTF-1在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌及腺鳞癌阳性表达率分别为0.00%、 94.12%、 90.91%、 100.00%;CK7在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌及腺鳞癌阳性表达率分别为8.57%、 94.12%、 27.27%、 100.00%。P63、 TTF-1、 CK7分别在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌及腺鳞癌中阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 P63在鳞癌中呈高表达,TTF-1在小细胞癌、腺癌中呈高表达,CK7在腺癌中呈高表达,P63、 TTF-1、 CK7水平对肺癌的鉴别诊断具有良好的应用价值。     

p27、C-myc蛋白在肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达

目的 研究p27、C-myc蛋白在肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达与肺鳞癌、腺癌临床病理特征的关系,及二者的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测35例手术切除肺鳞癌、腺癌组织中p27及C-myc蛋白的表达,与10例癌旁正常肺组织比较.结果 35例肺鳞癌、腺癌组织p27蛋白阳性率为17.1%(6/35),癌旁正常肺组织的阳性率为90.0%(9/10),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在高-中、低分化肿瘤中的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.005);p27蛋白阳性率在不同肿瘤大小、组织学类型及有无淋巴结转移中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).35例肺鳞癌、腺癌组织C-myc蛋白阳性率为85.7%(30/35),癌旁正常肺组织无表达,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).C-myc蛋白阳性率在有无淋巴结转移中比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.013);在不同肿瘤大小、分化程度及组织学类型中比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在肺鳞癌、腺癌中p27蛋白与C-myc蛋白的表达呈负相关.结论 p27蛋白在正常肺组织中表达阳性,在肺鳞癌、腺癌组织中表达明显降低,其表达与肿瘤的分化程度相关,随肿瘤分化变差而降低.C-myc蛋白在正常肺组织中无表达,在鳞癌、腺癌组织中表达明显,在淋巴结转移的肿瘤表达明显升高.提示C-myc蛋白可作为评价肿瘤预后的指标之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical pathology characteristics of the p27 and C-myc protein expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenecarcinoma as well as the correlation between the expressions of them. Method The expressions of p27 and C-mye protein in tumor tissue of 35 cases excised during pulmonectomy for lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma patients were examined using immunochemical method,and compared with 10 cases of normal lung tissue. Results The total positive rate of p27 protein was 17.1%(6/35 ) in 35 eases of tumor tissue, but 90.0%(9/10) in normal lung tissue, and there was significant difference (P< 0.05 ). Between high-moderate and low differentiated tissue,the positive rate had significant difference (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference of p27 protein expression in patients with different tumor size and histology types, as well as with or without lymph nodes metastasis (P > 0.05 ). The total positive rate of C-myc protein was 85.7% (30/35) in tumor tissue, but no expression existed in normal lung tissue (P < 0.05). There was significant difference of C-myc expressions between the tissue with and without lymph nodes metastasis (P =0.013),but there was no significant difference in various tumor size, differentiated degree, as well as histology type(P> 0.05). The expression of p27 and C-myc in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenecareinoma showed negative correlation.Conclusions The expression of p27 protein is positive in normal lung tissue, but shows outstanding decrease in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tissue. Its expression correlates with the differentiated degree. The expression of C-myc is negative in normal lung tissue but shows significant increase in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocareinoma tissue and its expression correlates with lymph nodes metastasis. C-myc may be a valuable marker in evaluating prognosis.