Clinicobacteriological study of chronic dacryocystitis in adults

Chronic dacryocystitis is the inflammation of lacrimal sac, frequently caused by bacteria. Obstruction of nasolacrimal duct converts the lacrimal sac a reservoir of infection. It is a constant threat to cornea and orbital soft tissue. Moreover, it causes social embarrassment due to chronic watering from the eye. This study was conducted to find out the current clinicobacteriological profile of chronic dacryocystitis in adults. A total of 56 adult patients were selected from ophthalmology OPD. Detail history and clinical examinations were carried out. All patients underwent either dacryocystorhinostomy or dacryocystectomy. A part of the sac was collected for culture and sensitivity. This study revealed that chronic dacryocystitis is more common in females and left eye is more frequently involved than right eye. It is common among lower socioeconomic strata with habit of pond-bathing. Some form of nasal pathology like hypertrophied inferior turbinate, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyp and allergic rhinitis werefound in 19.6% of the patients. Complications of chronic dacryocystitis like conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, acute on chronic dacryocystitis, lacrimal abscess and fistula were seen in 25.0% of these patients; 53.6% of the culture samples were positive for bacterial growth. Gram-positive organisms were most common isolate. Unlike other studies, Staphylococcus aureus (40.0%) was found to be most common Gram-positive organism, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.0%) and Steptococcus pneumoniae (10.0%). Among the Gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.6%) was the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.6%) and Haemophilus influenzae (6.6%). Antibiotic sensitivity tests were done. Most of the organisms were resistant to penicillin. Chloramphenicol was effective against most of the Gram-positive organisms. Aminoglycosides, tobramycin in particular, was effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae.     

Role of glucocorticoids in ototopical antibiotic-steroid preparations in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

BACKGROUND: It is conventional to use antibiotic-steroid combination eardrops, although the advantage of steroid combination has not been substantiated. The present prospective randomized comparative study is designed to assess the role of glucocorticoids in ototopical antibiotic-steroid preparations in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). METHODS: Pre-treatment clinical assessment, bacteriology of the middle ear discharge and pure tone audiogram were done. CSOM with organisms sensitive to gentamicin were treated either with plain gentamycin (GM) or gentamycin steroid combination (GM-S) eardrops for a period of 3 weeks. Post-treatment clinical, bacteriological and audiogram response was recorded 1 week after discontinuing the eardrops. The post-treatment clinical improvement, bacteriologic improvement and changes in hearing threshold at speech frequencies were analyzed by using unpaired Student's t test and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: The most common organism associated with CSOM was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.92%). Clinical improvement was seen in 87.7 and 86.5% cases but bacteriological improvement in only 82.5 and 75% of cases treated with GM and GM-S (p >0.05), respectively. On comparing the pre- and post-treatment pure tone audiograms in 95 patients, 28.9% treated with GM and 30% with GM-S showed deterioration in bone conduction threshold above 5 dB (p >0.05) at speech frequencies. The mean increase in bone conduction in the two groups was 7.7 and 8.57 dB (p >0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that there is no difference in the clinical and bacteriological improvement or ototoxicity either with topical GM or GM-S. Hence, we conclude that it is unnecessary to combine steroids with topical antibiotic preparations for the management of CSOM.     

Aetiological agents in chronic suppurative otitis media in Sri Lanka

Background

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is assumed to be a complication of acute otitis media (AOM), but the risk factors for CSOM are not clear. Objectives: 1. To study the aetiological organisms for CSOM. 2. To identify the effect of demographic factors on disease manifestation.

Method

This retrospective study included a case series of 234 patients who had been admitted to National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL), with the complaint of ear discharge and from whom the specimens were sent for microscopy and culture at Department Of Microbiology, NHSL. The period of analysis was 1 year extending from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009.Consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited to the retrospective analysis.

Results

Among 234 patients studied, 129 (55.1%) were male and 150 (64.1%) were under 40 yrs old. The mean age was 39.5 yrs (range 12 to 60 yrs, SD = 22.6). The mean duration of ear discharge was 1.2 yrs. (range 6 weeks to 20 yrs.) Pseudomonas species (29.5%) was the commonest microbial organism to cause ear discharge, followed by staphylococcus (20.5%) and coliform (16.7%) species. Among the fungal agents identified, candida was the most common. 23.1% of the cultures did not reveal any microbiological agent. Eighteen patients (8%) had a prior history of trauma to the affected ear and 51 patients (21.8%) were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion

The commonest microbial agents implicated in CSOM was pseudomonas species followed by staphylococci and coliforms. Demographic variables such as gender or age did not seem to affect the disease manifestation significantly, though CSOM was less common among elderly and women.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎主要病原菌种类及耐药性分析

目的:研究慢性化脓性中耳炎的主要病原菌种类及耐药性分析,以指导抗生素在该病中的合理应用。方法:对148例患者,采取中耳脓性分泌物进行需氧菌、真菌培养和药物敏感试验。结果:分离出病原菌154株,以金黄色葡萄球菌(57株)和铜绿假单胞菌(32株)为主,真菌10株。金黄色葡萄球菌对利福平、万古霉素和喹诺酮敏感,敏感率分别为100%、100%和87.72%。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、氨基糖甙类和喹诺酮类敏感,敏感率分别为90.62%、87.50%和90.62%。结论:金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌是本地区慢性化脓性的中耳炎主要致病菌,二者均对喹诺酮类敏感,金黄色葡萄球菌在慢性化脓性中耳炎致病菌中起重要作用。     

白内障手术前结膜囊细菌种类及药物敏感性

目的：探讨老年性白内障和合并糖尿病的白内障患者手术前结膜囊细菌种类及药物敏感性。方法进行病例对照研究。整群选取2014年5月—2015年12月在该院手术的白内障患者178例（200只眼）作为研究对象,其中老年性白内障89例(100只眼)和合并糖尿病的白内障患者89例（100只眼）,对术前患者结膜囊取材进行细菌培养,并观察培养阳性的细菌对临床常用抗生素的敏感性。采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行统计学分析。结果老年性白内障和合并糖尿病的白内障患者细菌培养阳性率分别为28%和48%,合并糖尿病的白内障患者细菌培养阳性率显著高于老年性白内障（P<0.01）差异有统计学意义。革兰氏阳性球菌占总检出菌的65%,表皮葡萄球菌检出率最高,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌,革兰氏阴性杆菌列第三位,微球菌属检出率最低。大多数菌株对氧氟沙星、妥布霉素、万古霉素、新霉素敏感性较好,对妥布霉素、环丙沙星耐药率分别为11%和9%,大多数革兰氏阳性球菌对庆大霉素、红霉素、青霉素耐药性下降。结论合并糖尿病的白内障患者是感染发生的高危人群,合理使用抗菌药物,是降低和避免感染的有效手段。     

Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance profile of the micro-organisms responsible for urinary tract infection observed in Kashmir,India

Urinary tract infection happens to be common and is generally treated empirically by general practitioners, for which they need to be aware of the locally prevalent strains and their sensitivity pattern. Since over the last few decades the resistance pattern of urinary isolates has been showing dramatic changes all over the world, it was felt useful to study the existing microbiological pattern of the urinary tract infections in Kashmir valley and to assess the sensitivity profile of the isolated organisms to the generally used antibiotics for empirical therapy in primary health care settings. The retrospective analysis of 324 such samples which were found positive for pathological bacteria by the microbiology laboratory of Government Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir revealed that 90.12% of the isolates were E. coli followed by klebsiella (7.72%) and staphylococcus (1.24%). Significantly 43.57% of the E. coli exhibited resistance to the commonly used antibiotics, and the most effective in-vitro agents were found to be amikacin followed by gentamicin among the injectables and ciprofloxacin among the orally administered ones. Other useful oral antibiotics were nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. The organisms showed resistance to currently preferred urinary antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents like co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and cephalexin. Conclusion was that among the orally administered antibiotics ciprofloxacin remains the choice while other quinolones or derivatives have turned ineffective and among the injectables gentamicin is still effective.     

呼吸道标本耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性患者的临床调查及分析

目的调查呼吸道标本耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)阳性患者的临床特点,为抗生素的合理应用及医院感染控制提供依据。方法回顾性分析2005年1月～2007年10月在我院呼吸道标本中检出MRSA的211例住院患者的临床资料。结果211例患者中,有196例(92.9%)在检测出MRSA前3个月使用过抗菌药物,128例(60.7%)使用过3种以上抗菌药物。本组MRSA菌株对左氧氟沙星、红霉素、克林霉素和庆大霉素的耐药率均在90%以上,对利福平的耐药率为73.9%,未发现万古霉素耐药菌株。结论应当尽量避免抗菌药物的不必要使用,MRSA的治疗可首选万古霉素。     

Pattern of chronic suppurative otitis media

This observational study was conducted to know the bacteriological pattern of chronic suppurative otitis media. For this 110 patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) were selected from January 2006 to December 2007 at the out patient department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck surgery, BSMMU and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Among the 110 patients unilateral involvement was 76.36% and bilateral involvement was 23.64%. Ninety percent patients presented with tubotympanic variety and 10% patients presented with attico-antral variety. Bacteriologically pure growth was found in 79.09% cases, mixed growth in 10.91% cases, no growth in 10% cases. Only aerobic bacteria were isolated in the present series. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism (43.68%) isolated in pure culture followed by staphylococcus aureus 27.59%, E. coli 10.35%, Kleibsiella spp. 9.19%, proteus spp. 8.04%. Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic followed by Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Cetriaxone. Before giving therapy bacterial growth and sensitivity pattern is to be known where facilities are available.     

74例慢性化脓性中耳炎细菌检出及药敏结果分析

目的了解慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）主要病原菌的种类及对抗生素的耐药情况。方法无菌采集74例中耳炎性分泌物，分别进行需氧菌和厌氧菌培养，对分离的病原菌进行药物敏感试验。结果74例CSOM患者中53例细菌培养阳性，总检出率为71．6％。其中纯需氧菌和纯厌氧菌检出阳性例数分别占阳性总例数的37．70％和20．s％，两者混合感染阳性占41．5％。厌氧菌中以革兰阳性球菌多见占51．2％，其次为拟杆菌。需氧菌以铜绿假单胞菌多见，占27．3％。厌氧菌对灭滴灵、氯林可霉素、氯霉素敏感率高，分别为75．6％、70．7％、68．3％，对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素敏感率低，分别为34．1％，24．4％。结论CSOM为厌氧菌和需氧菌在内的多种细菌混合感染所致，厌氧菌感染主要为消化链球菌引起。厌氧菌对灭滴灵、氯林可霉素、氯霉素较敏感。     

Clinico-epidemiological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media patients attending a tertiary care hospital

The cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile, perceptions and clinical profile of the chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patients in a tertiary care hospital. A pretested questionnaire was used containing open questions and the patients were assessed clinically. Most patients (31.2%) were from 0-10 years age group and were males (58.8%). Majority of them (96%) lived in "kuccha" houses/slums, 76.8% practised unhygienic ear pricking, 36.8% poured oil in their ears, 70.8% bathed in ponds/rivers, 52.8% had ear discharge for more than 1 year. Among the respondents, 17.2% knew that CSOM was contagious, 24% thought CSOM ran in family, 20% knew CSOM is preventable. There was low threat perception and long time to seek care. Patients mostly presented with earache, deafness and discharge, most had deafness and safe variety of CSOM. More than half had comorbidities. Most of the previous study findings corroborated with the present study. Here was a substantial delay between the onset and treatment seeking due to lack of awareness and low threat perception. Pain and complications were the triggers for care-seeking. Education about the disease, strengthening the frontline workers and good referral system are suggested.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎微生物学相关研究

慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)是耳鼻咽喉头颈外科常见疾病之一,是中耳及乳突内不可逆慢性炎症改变。截至目前本病的发病原因和机制尚不完全明确,其病因复杂,发病与多种因素有关,主要包括感染、咽鼓管功能障碍及免疫功能不健全等。其中病原菌感染是引起CSOM最重要、最直接的外源性致病因素。目前,随着抗生素的广泛应用,CSOM病原菌对抗生素的敏感性逐渐降低,其病原菌组成也发生着变化。因此,尽早检测CSOM中病原菌及明确其药物敏感性,对临床治疗CSOM具有重要的指导意义。本文通过查阅近年国内外相关文献,就CSOM病原菌分布及其耐药性研究、病原菌检测和抗菌药物合理应用的部分相关问题作一介绍。     

Aetiology of catheter-associated bacteriuria in Lagos University Teaching Hospital

A prospective study to determine the causative agents of catheter-related bacteriuria was carried out on 99 patients with median age of 55 years, on admission in the Oncology, Paediatric Surgery and Obstetric and Gynaecology wards of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. There was significant bacteriuria in seventy-one (72%) of the 99 urine samples. All catheter urine samples were contaminated by day 5 Gram-negative bacilli were predominant (89.3%) of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.2%) was the most common, while Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes accounted for 15.5% each, closely followed by Proteus mirabilis (14.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.5%). The Gram positive isolates Enterococcus faecalis (8.3%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.4%) made up only 10.7% of isolates. Most of the isolates from catheterised patients were resistant to the common antibiotics such as ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone with high susceptibility to ofloxacin and ceftazidime though the isolates of Enterococcus faecalis was also resistant to ofloxacin. However, isolates of S. saprophyticus were still susceptible to the penicillins and tetracycline.     

Comparison of silver sulfadiazine and gentamicin for topical prophylaxis against burn wound sepsis.

Daily prophylactic application of either 1.0% silver sulfadiazine cream or 0.1% gentamicin cream was compared for effectiveness in preventing bacterial colonization of burn wounds and sepsis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonized the wounds of 37% of the 38 patients treated with silver sulfadiazine and 30% of the 33 patients treated with gentamicin; gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa colonized the wounds of 21% of the patients treated with gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus colonization occurred in 55% of the patients treated with silver sulfadiazine, whereas colonization with Candida species occurred in 58% of the patients treated with gentamicin. Although gentamicin-resistant organisms caused no deaths their repeated appearance resulted in discontinuation of prophylaxiz with gentamicin cream. The next year P. aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin were isolated from burn wounds of only two patients who had not previously received parenteral therapy with gentamicin or tobramycin. Gentamicin cream should be reserved for treating patients with wounds infected by gentamicin-sensitive P. aeruginosa and those allergic to sulfa drugs. For most patients with burn wounds silver sulfadiazine is safe and effective as an antibacterial agent for topical prophylaxis.     

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of paediatric orbital cellulitis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia: a five-year review

INTRODUCTIONLimited data is available on paediatric orbital cellulitis in Asia. We aimed to describe demographic data, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, identified microorganisms, choice of antibiotics and management in children with orbital cellulitis treated in a tertiary care centre in Malaysia.METHODSA retrospective review was performed on children with orbital cellulitis aged below 18 years who were admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, between January 2013 and December 2017.RESULTSA total of 14 paediatric patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for orbital cellulitis were included. Their mean age was 6.5 ± 1.2 years. Boys were more likely to have orbital cellulitis than girls (71.4% vs. 28.6%). Involvement of both eyes was observed in 14.3% of the patients. Sinusitis (28.6%) and upper respiratory tract infection (21.4%) were the most common predisposing causes. Staphylococcus aureus (28.6%) was the leading pathogen. Longer duration of hospitalisation was observed in those infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia pseudomallei. 10 (71.4%) patients were treated with a combination of two or three antibiotics. In this series, 42.9% had surgical interventions.CONCLUSIONYoung boys were found to be more commonly affected by orbital cellulitis than young girls. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated microorganism. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia pseudomallei caused severe infection. Sinusitis and upper respiratory tract infection were the most common predisposing factors. A majority of the children improved with medical treatment alone. Our findings are in slight disagreement with other published reports on paediatric orbital cellulitis, especially from the Asian region.     

上海多家三甲医院中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热淋巴瘤患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 探讨中性粒细胞缺乏(粒缺)伴发热淋巴瘤患者致病菌的分布及其耐药现状,为临床有效控制感染和合理选用抗生素提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月上海12家三甲医院血液科收治的粒缺伴发热淋巴瘤患者的病原菌分布及药敏特点。结果 108株临床分离菌中革兰阴性(G-)菌67株,占62.04%;革兰阳性(G+)菌41株,占37.96%。G-菌中肠杆菌科细菌最多,占全部致病菌的34.26%(37株);G+菌中葡萄球菌属最多,占全部致病菌的24.07%(26株)。所有致病菌感染部位以呼吸道分布最多,共60株,占所有标本的55.56%,其次为伤口分泌物19株(17.59%)、导管12株(11.11%)、血液10株(9.26%)、其他标本7株(6.48%)。呼吸道分泌物培养出的菌株以肺炎克雷伯杆菌居多,伤口标本则为产酸克雷伯杆菌,导管以大肠埃希菌多见,而血液标本则以葡萄球菌感染为主。G+菌对青霉素、红霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢菌素及庆大霉素类抗生素均不同程度耐药,但对磷霉素、万古霉素、替考拉宁及利奈唑胺敏感度可达92.9%～100%。G-菌对部分青霉素及头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率较高之外,对阿米卡星、美罗培南、亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦等抗生素均较敏感。结论 粒缺伴发热淋巴瘤患者致病菌仍以G-菌为主,分布较为广泛,多药耐药情况严重。利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替考拉宁等仍可作为G+菌感染的经验性用药;亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星等可作为G-菌感染的用药选择。     

尿路感染的病原菌及其药敏分析

目的:分析不同年龄组尿路感染的细菌病原学分布及耐药状况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2010年12月本院门、急诊和住院部送检的中段尿标本培养及药敏结果,并根据年龄不同分为小儿组(6个月～13岁),成人组(14岁～64岁)和老年组(65岁以上)。结果:中段尿培养阳性标本570例,其中革兰阴性杆菌感染占82.11%(468/570),革兰阳性球菌占17.89%(102/570)。成人组和老年组中大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌的比例与小儿组相似(P>0.05);而小儿组的铜绿假单胞菌的比例显著高于成人组和老年组(P<0.05)。对常见革兰阴性杆菌敏感性最高的抗生素是亚胺培南,其次为头孢哌酮+舒巴坦,而对氨苄西林的耐药率最高。常见革兰阳性球菌均对万古霉素100%敏感,其次为亚胺培南,对红霉素的耐药率较高。结论:不同年龄的尿路感染患者,其细菌病原学构成显示不同的特点,而且总体耐药现象严重,应该严格执行用药前进行病原学检测和药物敏感试验,以指导尿路感染的合理用药。     

心脏外科术后深部胸骨切口感染的临床特点及病原菌耐药性分析

目的 观察心脏外科术后深部胸骨切口感染(deep sternal wound infection,DSWI)的临床特点,并进行病原菌耐药性分析.方法 回顾性分析2012-2014年中国医科大学航空总医院心胸外科84例采用肌瓣修复重建手术治疗的心脏手术后DSWI患者(年龄≥18岁)的临床资料,并对DSWI患者的病原菌分布及其耐药性进行分析.结果 ①Ⅱ型DSWI最多见(49/84,58.3％),Ⅰ型有17例(20.2％),Ⅲ型有18例(21.4％).Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型DSWI患者具有典型的临床表现如发热、伤口裂开和/或脓性分泌物、手术区域自发性疼痛、血象升高等.Ⅰ型DSWI患者更易合并低蛋白血症(P＜0.01),早期X线或CT扫描可发现纵隔增宽(P＜0.01).部分Ⅲ型DSWI患者仅表现为手术区域局部症状.②37例(44.0％)患者有明确病原学诊断,最常见的病原菌为革兰阴性杆菌(Gram-negative bacilli,GNB;54.8％),其次为甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(23.7％);GNB中最常见的是铜绿假单胞菌,其次是鲍曼不动杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌.③铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率均为18.2％,鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药率均在70％以上,阴沟肠杆菌对大部分常用抗菌药物未表现耐药性.金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素G的耐药率均为100％,对克林霉素的耐药率均在80％以上,但对替加环素、万古霉素和利奈唑胺未表现出耐药.结论 DSWI多发生在心脏术后1个月内,其中Ⅱ型DSWI最多见,且不同类型的DSWI主要临床表现不同;DSWI常见的病原菌为革兰阴性杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌,且对常用抗菌药物的耐药率高.     

医院常见病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

目的 了解本院近9年常见病原菌分布及近1年常见致病菌的耐药情况.方法 用API半自动微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定及药敏试验.结果 13 942份临床标本中共分离出病原菌3723株,阳性率26.7%,病原菌分布于38个属,107个种.革兰阴性菌构成比高于革兰阳性菌.最常见的病原菌是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS),占15.7%,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属.葡萄球菌对万古霉素、奎奴普丁/达福普汀、呋喃妥因、米诺环素、夫西地酸、替考拉宁及利福平敏感,而对青霉素、苯唑西啉和红霉素耐药率高达80%以上.肠球菌及链球菌对多种抗生素耐药,如对红霉素及氯林可霉素耐药率高达88%以上,但对万古霉素最敏感.各主要致病革兰阴性菌(沙门菌除外)对亚胺培南、美洛培南及阿米卡星均敏感,而对庆大霉素、头孢噻吩及头孢呋辛耐药率均在60%以上.沙门菌属则对多种抗生素敏感.结论 本院近9年病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,除沙门菌外,均存在严重耐药问题,及时监测病原菌变化及耐药趋势对指导临床用药至关重要.     

卡他莫拉氏菌在下呼吸道感染中的发病情况和对抗生素的敏感性

本文报告了１９９２年４月～１９９２年１２月在我院呼吸病房住院诊断为下呼吸道感染的２０３例，分离出致病菌１３５株，其中莫拉氏菌３０株，占２２．２％，仅次于绿脓杆菌（２３．７％），居第二位。３０例莫拉氏菌感染中，２１例有原发疾病，其中１８例为ＣＯＰＤ。对３０株莫拉氏菌进行药敏感试验，结果表明其对麦迪霉素、红霉素、青霉素、氨苄青霉素、先锋Ｖ、磺苄青霉素的耐药率达５０％以上。对头孢噻肟钠、庆大霉素的耐药率分别为３３．３％与４０％。而对优立新（氨苄青霉素／青霉烷砜）、噻比达（先锋必／青霉烷砜）、环丙沙星、头孢哌酮和丁胺卡那的耐药率＜２０％。