Methods: We conducted a systematic search using Cochrane guidelines and PRISMA criteria in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects.
Results: Results revealed broad encephalic involvement that includes a functional frontal and cingulate hypoactivation and structural differences in corpus callosum, cerebellum and basal nuclei.
Conclusions: ADHD symptoms might be due to a multi-network unbalanced functioning hypothesis. 相似文献
Materials and Methods. ALK protein expression was studied applying the D5F3 antibody with a fully automated Ventana CDx technique on a series of 19 patients.
Results. Positive ALK expression was found in one case (5.2%) corresponding to a papillary adenocarcinoma which showed a strong granular and homogenous cytoplasmic staining. The patient was a 30-years-old woman.
Conclusion. The frequency of positive ALK expression based on immunohistochemistry in our series was similar to that reported in the world literature. 相似文献
Aim: To discern the Middle-eastern component in the genetic background of Tunisian Arabs and evaluate the extent of gene flow from the Middle East into North African autochthonous Berber populations.
Subjects and methods: This study has examined 113 Tunisians of well-known Arabian origin from Kairouan region, using 15 autosomal Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) loci.
Results: No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed and all loci presented high levels of heterozygosity. Principal coordinate and STRUCTURE analyses were consistent in clustering together North African and Middle Eastern populations, likely reflecting the recent gene flow from the East dating back to the Arab conquest period. This demographic migration and the Arabisation process that submerged the original Berber language and customs seems to have be accompanied by substantial gene flow and genetic admixture.
Conclusion: This study represents an additional step to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the complex demographic history of North African populations. 相似文献
Aim: This paper presents the first test of a skeletal method for identifying stages of development associated with the onset of puberty in a skeletal sample of known age and cause of death.
Materials and methods: Skeletal methods for assessing skeletal development associated with changes associated with puberty were recorded in the identified skeletal collection in Coimbra, Portugal. Historical data on the onset of menarche in this country are used to test the method.
Results: As expected, females mature faster than their male counterparts. There is some side asymmetry in development. Menarche was found to have been achieved by an average age of 15.
Conclusions: Asymmetry must be taken into account when dealing with partially preserved skeletons. Age of menarche is consistent, although marginally higher, than the age expected based on historical data for this time and location. Skeletal development in males could not be tested against historical data, due to the lack of counterpart historical data. The ill health known to be present in this prematurely deceased population may have delayed skeletal development and the onset of puberty. 相似文献
Areas covered: A structured literature recherche in Medline and Pubmed under inclusion of national and international guidelines and Cochrane meta-analyses has been performed aiming at reviewing clinical use of such approaches in AIT.
New allergen preparations may include allergoids, recombinant allergens (recA) and modified recombinant allergens (recA) in subcutaneous as well as in mucosal immunotherapies (application e.g. using bronchial, nasal, oral and sublingual application) with sublingual being the established mucosal application route and new ways of application like intralymphatic and epicutaneous immunotherapy.
Expert commentary: Immune-modifying agents like Virus-like particles and CpG-motifs, adjuvants like MPL and aluminum hydroxide are evaluated and found to increase and direct the immunological response toward immunological tolerance.
New forms of allergen extracts can improve safety and efficacy of AIT and may change our way of performing allergen immunotherapy in the future. 相似文献
Areas covered: A PubMed search was conducted in August 2017 using the terms ‘biologics psoriasis adherence’ and ‘biologics psoriasis survival.’ Additional articles were obtained by perusing the references of articles identified in the original PubMed search. Articles that did not specifically mention ‘survival,’ ‘adherence,’ or ‘persistence’ were not included. We review the measures used to assess adherence to biologics for psoriasis and the factors impacting drug survival and adherence rates for biologics in psoriasis.
Expert commentary: Drug survival and adherence rates for biologic therapy is less than ideal but may be modifiable. Means that may improve adherence and drug survival include individualized choice of biologic and providing additional support for patients who are at increased risk for prematurely stopping treatment. 相似文献
Aim: To compare the degree of genetic diversity of the Arabian UAE population with populations in other countries from the Middle East, South Asia and North Africa.
Subjects and methods: Twenty-seven Y-STR were analysed in 217 individuals. Y-STR haplotypes from this study were compared to population data stored in YHRD, using MDS and AMOVA.
Results: Two hundred and twelve haplotypes were observed in the 217 individuals studied. Although the reduction in Y-STR loci from 27 to 17 resulted in a decrease in discriminatory power, comparisons of populations were possible. The UAE population clustered closer with other populations of the Middle East. The South Asian and North African populations were separated by Middle Eastern populations in between both clusters.
Conclusion: This is the first study to report the diversity of a population of the Arabian Peninsula using 27 Y-STR. MDS plots show that Middle Eastern populations are positioned in the centre, with African, Asian and European populations around the Arab population cluster. The findings of this study are consistent with this region being at the epicentre of human migration between continents. 相似文献
Aim: To overcome the confounding effect of sample size when detecting signatures of genetic isolation.
Subjects and methods: A re-sampling based procedure was employed to evaluate reduction in intra-population diversity, departure from surrounding genetic background and demographic stationarity in 34 Italian populations subject to isolation factors.
Results: Signatures of genetic isolation were detected for all three statistics in seven populations: Pusteria valley, Sappada, Sauris, Timau settled in the eastern Italian Alps and Cappadocia, Filettino and Vallepietra settled in the Appenines. However, this study was unable to find signals for any of the statistics analysed in 19 populations. Finally, eight populations showing signals of isolation were found for one or two statistics.
Conclusion: The analysis revealed that the use of population genetic statistics combined with re-sampling procedure can help detect signatures of genetic isolation in human populations, even using a single, although highly informative, locus like mtDNA. 相似文献
Purpose: To study the relationship between MMP-9 rs17576 gene polymorphism and the development of BD, and its relation to disease activity among Egyptian patients.
Methods: A total of 100 BD patients and 100 healthy control volunteers were genotyped for MMP-9 rs17576 polymorphism with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), followed by the confirmation of our results in random subgroups using direct DNA sequencing technique.
Results: The frequency of the GG genotype and G allele was significantly higher in BD patients as compared to the normal controls (p = 0.011, OR 8.61; p = 0.03, OR 1.65, respectively). There was no significant association between the MMP-9 rs17576 polymorphism and the clinical outcomes of BD.
Conclusion: our study suggests a significant association of the MMP-9 rs17576 A/G polymorphism with increased risk of BD development in Egyptian patients. 相似文献
Predictor: Podocyte foot process effacement.
Outcome: Severity of proteinuria.
Measurements: Podocyte foot process effacement was measured. Morphometric analysis was performed on transmission electron microscope images using a computerized digital photomicrograph system (BioWizard 4.2 Image analysis software, New Delhi, India). Proteinuria was measured quantitatively assigned into five grades.
Results: It was found that as the extent of proteinuria increased, the effacement ratio also increased, and this was most significant between “no” proteinuria and the rest of the categories.
Conclusion: Nephrotic presentation in IgA nephropathy is a known phenomenon and in certain cases may show near normal glomerular morphology with severe foot process effacement on EM being the only significant finding to explain the proteinuria. Proteinuria in these cases shows a significant correlation with degree of foot process effacement. Renal biopsy is important in these cases because they are known to have a better prognosis and are usually steroid responsive. 相似文献
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and high adiposity among the adult population in Tianjin.
Subjects and methods: A total of 7351 individuals aged 20–79 were included in this study. Socioeconomic information was collected through an interview following a structured questionnaire. Waist circumference, body weight and height were measured following standard procedures. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the criteria of the Working Group on Obesity in China. Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results: Stratified analysis showed that higher monthly income and education were related to decreased odds of abdominal overweight/obesity in women, while high education was associated with increased odds of general overweight/obesity in men. Retirement increased the odds of abdominal overweight and obesity and non-manual work was associated with low odds of abdominal obesity in women.
Conclusions: SES was associated with general and abdominal overweight/obesity and sex may play a role in such an association. 相似文献
Purpose: The aim of this systematic literature review is to summarise the currently available evidence on the behaviour of patients with psychiatric disorders in the commonly used Ultimatum Game (UG).
Method: A systematic literature search including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PSYNDEXplus Tests, PSYNDEXPLUS Literature, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and PASCAL was performed via the Ovid interface.
Results: We found evidence for alterations in UG behaviour for patients with frontotemporal dementia, schizophrenia, affective disorders, alcohol, cocaine, heroin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine consumption, alcohol dependence, anxiety disorders, borderline personality disorder, autism, Tourette syndrome and oppositional defiant disorder.
Conclusion: There is some evidence that different psychiatric disorders might go along with alterations in social decision-making. However, in general, data are currently limited and studies are hard to compare due to differences in methodologies. 相似文献
Objective: The present meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between PXR gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods: PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were searched for eligible studies before November 1, 2016. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to calculate the various genetic models using either a fixed-effect or a random-effect model. The heterogeneity of the included studies was examined with Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Begg’s rank correlation test and Egger’s linear regression test were used to assess the publication bias.
Results: A total of six studies with 4248 cases and 3853 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Three PXR gene polymorphisms were evaluated: rs1523127, rs2276707, and rs6785049. Our analyses of rs1523127, rs2276707, and rs6785049 suggested that PXR gene polymorphism had no obvious influence on the risk of IBD in Caucasians. Subgroup analyses based on disease type showed similar results.
Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that PXR gene polymorphism may not be significantly associated with IBD susceptibility. However, the number of original studies was limited and further studies with large samples are needed to verify the results.
Abbreviations: PXR = pregnane X receptor, IBD = inflammatory bowel disease, CD = Crohn’s disease, UC = ulcerative colitis, ORs = pooled odds ratios, 95% CIs = 95% confidence intervals, NOS = Newcastle–Ottawa scale, HWE = Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. 相似文献
Methods: One hundred and seventy-seven participants completed a questionnaire on sleep quality, a dissociative experiences scale, an unusual sleep experiences scale and a hallucination proneness scale.
Results: The results showed a significant positive association between quality of sleep and hallucination proneness, dissociation and unusual sleep experiences, and that dissociation and unusual sleep experiences fully mediated between sleep quality and hallucination proneness.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of variables related to sleep quality and unusual sleep experiences and dissociation in understanding hallucinations, and the importance of taking these variables into consideration in designing intervention directed at reducing distress caused by hallucinations. 相似文献
Methods: We examined the patients clinically and immunologically.
Results: We found diversity of clinical manifestations in both cutaneous and oral mucosal lesions and a high rate of inflammatory-type EBA patients in Japan. Common treatments were systemic steroids, followed by immunosuppressives, DDS, tetracycline/minocycline and colchicine. Immunological studies revealed that indirect immunofluorescence of 1M-NaCl-split skin, immunoblotting of dermal extract, and type VII collagen ELISA were sensitive methods, with possible multiplicity of circulating autoantibodies against other basement membrane autoantigens.
Conclusion: The present study analyzed the largest cohort of EBA patients, confirming the scarcity of EBA (only 105 of the 5063 AIBD patients), and showed that the three serological tests are useful for the diagnosis of EBA. 相似文献
Methods: One hundred and two healthy volunteers underwent a battery of behavioural tasks including (a) a force-matching task, (b) a Kamin blocking task, and (c) a reversal learning task together with three questionnaires measuring domains of schizotypy from different approaches.
Results: Neither frequentist nor Bayesian statistical methods supported the notion that alterations in prediction error responses were related to schizotypal traits in any of the three tasks.
Conclusions: These null results suggest that deficits in predictive processing associated with clinical states of psychosis are not always present in healthy individuals with schizotypal traits. 相似文献
Aim The present work characterises, at the level of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), two new samples of Amhara and Oromo populations from Ethiopia to evaluate the possible pattern of distribution for mtDNA variation and to test the hypothesis of the Isolation-by-Distance (IBD) model among African, European and Middle-Eastern populations.
Subjects and methods This study analysed 173 individuals belonging to two ethnic groups of Ethiopia, Amhara and Oromo, by assaying HVS-I and HVS-II of mtDNA D-loop and informative coding region SNPs of mtDNA.
Results The analysis suggests a relationship between genetic and geographic distances, affirming that the mtDNA pool of Africa, Europe and the Middle East might be coherent with the IBD model. Moreover, the mtDNA gene pools of the Sub-Saharan African and Mediterranean populations were very different.
Conclusion In this study the pattern of mtDNA distribution, beginning with the Ethiopian plateau, was tested in the IBD model. It could be affirmed that, on a continent scale, the mtDNA pool of Africa, Europe and the Middle East might fall under the IBD model. 相似文献
Aim: We examined whether the main component of SN, HAR, is associated with the allergic reaction to SN.
Methods: This study assessed the effects of HAR in mice and mast cell activation to characterize its anaphylactic effects and underlying mechanisms. Mice hindpaw swelling, serum allergy factor detection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and degranulation assays were performed to measure allergic mediators both in vivo and in vitro.
Results: The present study indicated that HAR induced paw swelling, interleukin-6, inositol triphosphate, tumor necrosis factor-α, and histamine increases in mice. Our in vitro data also showed that HAR induced β-hexosaminidase, inositol triphosphate, and interleukin-6 release, leading to mast cell degranulation. In contrast, neither C48/80 nor HAR induced local anaphylaxis in STOCK KitW-sh/HNihrJaeBsmJNju mice.
Conclusions: HAR is a potential sensitization compound in SN, and these results provide information for the safe clinical use of SN. 相似文献