普伐他汀及叶酸对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的作用

目的观察普伐他汀及叶酸对颈动脉粥样硬化的作用。方法 164例合并颈动脉粥样硬化及血脂异常的急性脑梗死患者随机分为普伐他汀组、叶酸组及普伐他汀+叶酸组,分别给予相应的药物治疗6个月,比较3组治疗前后血清高敏C反应蛋白、血脂水平及颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈动脉斑块面积的变化。结果 3组患者治疗后血清高敏C反应蛋白水平均较治疗前显著降低(均P<0.05);普伐他汀组、叶酸组和普伐他汀+叶酸组治疗后颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、斑块面积及血脂水平均显著降低(均P<0.05),普伐他汀组和普伐他汀+叶酸组治疗前后血脂水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);普伐他汀+叶酸组治疗后各项指标较另外两组改善更明显(均P<0.05)。结论普伐他汀和叶酸联合治疗对降低血清高敏C反应蛋白水平,延缓和逆转颈动脉粥样硬化优于单一使用普伐他汀或叶酸,二者可能具有协同作用,值得临床大规模、多中心研究进一步探讨。     

培哚普利及美托洛尔对中心动脉压的作用

目的 比较培哚普利和美托洛尔对轻中度高血压病患者中心动脉压与肱动脉压的影响.方法 在冠状动脉造影结束后,分别同步测量145例高血压病或(和)冠心病患者升主动脉根部(直接测量法)和肱动脉(袖带加压法)的血压,其中单药降压治疗二周以上的轻中度高血压病患者分为培哚普利组(4 mg/d,62例)、美托洛尔组(25 mg/d,39例).结果 升主动脉收缩压高于袖带加压法测量的肱动脉收缩压9.6 mm Hg(P＜0.01),升主动脉舒张压低于袖带加压法肱动脉舒张压2.0 mm Hg(P＜0.01),升主动脉脉压较肱动脉脉压大11.6 mm Hg(P＜0.01).虽然培哚普利组和美托洛尔组袖带加压法测得的肱动脉压相同,但是培哚普利组的升主动脉收缩压低于美托洛尔组(P＜0.05).结论 升主动脉压与袖带加压法测得的肱动脉压差异有非常显著意义.虽然培哚普利和美托洛尔降低肱动脉压效果相似,但培哚普利降低升主动脉收缩压较美托洛尔更显著.     

培哚普利及美托洛尔对中心动脉压的作用

目的比较培哚普利和美托洛尔对轻中度高血压病患者中心动脉压与肱动脉压的影响。方法在冠状动脉造影结束后,分别同步测量145例高血压病或(和)冠心病患者升主动脉根部(直接测量法)和肱动脉(袖带加压法)的血压,其中单药降压治疗二周以上的轻中度高血压病患者分为培哚普利组(4mg/d,62例)、美托洛尔组(25mg/d,39例)。结果升主动脉收缩压高于袖带加压法测量的肱动脉收缩压9.6mmHg(P<0.01),升主动脉舒张压低于袖带加压法肱动脉舒张压2.0mmHg(P<0.01),升主动脉脉压较肱动脉脉压大11.6mmHg(P<0.01)。虽然培哚普利组和美托洛尔组袖带加压法测得的肱动脉压相同,但是培哚普利组的升主动脉收缩压低于美托洛尔组(P<0.05)。结论升主动脉压与袖带加压法测得的肱动脉压差异有非常显著意义。虽然培哚普利和美托洛尔降低肱动脉压效果相似,但培哚普利降低升主动脉收缩压较美托洛尔更显著。     

非洛地平缓释片与美托洛尔缓释片对原发性高血压患者中心动脉压影响的对比研究

目的 比较两种降压方案对原发性高血压患者外周肱动脉压及中心动脉压的影响.方法 357例原发性高血压患者随机分为两组,分别给予非洛地平缓释片及培哚普利或美托洛尔缓释片及氢氯噻嗪两种不同降压方案,于治疗前及血压达标后3个月时(非糖尿病患者血压<140/90 mmHg,糖尿病患者血压<130/80 mmHg)分别测量患者肱动脉压及应用桡动脉脉搏波分析仪获得中心动脉压.结果 治疗后两组药物对患者外周肱动脉压的影响无明显不同(P>0.05);但非洛地平缓释片组较美托洛尔缓释片组中心动脉收缩压进一步下降4.5 mmHg(P<0.05).结论 虽然两种降压方案对外周肱动脉压影响相似,但非洛地平缓释片组降低中心动脉收缩压较美托洛尔缓释片组更显著.     

非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血压、肱动脉舒张值的影响

目的 观察非诺贝特联合降压治疗对高血压合并高三酰甘油血症患者血压、血流介导的肱动脉_舒张值的影响.方法 62例合并高三酰甘油血症的原发性高血压患者随机分为调脂饮食加坎地沙坦加非诺贝特组(A组),调脂饮食加坎地沙坦加安慰剂组(B组).观察两组血压及血流介导的肱动脉舒张值的变化.结果 两组治疗后收缩压和舒张压均显著下降(P<0.01),A组较B组能更显著降低收缩压和舒张压(P<0.01).A组能显著降低总胆固醇、三酰甘油及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.01),而B组在治疗前后脂质谱无显著改善(P>0.05).两组治疗后血流介导的肱动脉舒张值明显增加(P<0.01),A组较B组能更显著增加血流介导的肱动脉舒张值(P<0.01).结论 非诺贝特可能通过改善血脂代谢紊乱,在降压药物的基础上,进一步改善患者的血管内皮功能,并且对患者血压有协同降低作用.     

中青年高血压病患者肱动脉脉压与肾小球滤过率的相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者肱动脉脉压与肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)的相关性关系。方法:连续入选初诊的中青年(30~65岁)原发性高血压病患者318例,平均年龄(47.9±7.1)岁,测量右上臂肱动脉的收缩压和舒张压并计算肱动脉脉压作为观察组,同期选择年龄匹配的430例血压正常人群,平均年龄(47.9±8.5)岁,作为对照组,收集两组患者的临床和实验室检查资料。根据MDRD公式计算患者的GFR(e GFR),按照数值分布的三分位点分别将观察组患者分为A、B、C三组,同法将对照组患者分为a、b、c三组。结果:随着分组e GFR的降低,观察组患者的年龄、肱动脉脉压及血清肌酐均呈明显增高趋势(P0.05);而舒张压在组间比较呈明显降低趋势(P0.05)。对照组患者的年龄、肱动脉收缩压、平均动脉压、TG、TC、SCr均呈明显增高趋势(P0.05);而肱动脉脉压在组间比较差异无统计学意义。针对观察组和对照组分别做相关和多元线性回归分析,结果显示:e GFR与观察组患者年龄、肱动脉脉压、SCr、UA呈显著负相关(r=-0.124,-0.150,-0.753,-0.131,P0.05),而与肱动脉舒张压、HDL-C呈显著正相关(r=0.125,0.097,P0.05);e GFR与对照组患者年龄、SCr、TC、TG、ALT呈显著负相关(r=-0.440,-0.749,-0.226,-0.178,-0.121,P0.05),与肱动脉脉压无相关性。结论:相对于血压正常人群,中青年高血压病患者肱动脉脉压与e GFR呈负相关,是e GFR的独立影响因素。     

通心络对冠心病患者介入术后炎症反应和血管内皮功能的调节作用

60例冠心病患者接受冠状动脉介入手术术后,分为常规治疗组(对照组)和常规治疗加通心络组(治疗组),采用超声多普勒测量治疗前后肱动脉内皮舒张功能,并测定其CRP、ICAM-1、IL-10等炎症因子.发现通心络组和对照组与健康人的血清各炎症因子比较,均有显著差异(P<0.01);治疗组和对照组治疗后ICAM-1、CRP下降,IL-10升高,治疗组变化更为明显;治疗组治疗血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能、硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉内皮非依赖性舒张功能明显改善.提示通心络可在常规治疗基础上更显著降低冠心病患者炎症反应,且改善血管内皮功能.     

伴代谢综合征的高血压病患者动脉功能的变化

目的 探讨伴有代谢综合征的高血压病患者动脉功能的变化.方法 64例门诊高血压病患者分为高血压病合并代谢综合征组(简称为伴代谢综合征组,32例)和单纯高血压病组(32例),31例健康受试者作为对照组,检测受检者的肱-踝脉搏波传导速度、大动脉弹性和小动脉弹性.比较三组受试者肱-踝脉搏波传导速度、大动脉弹性和小动脉弹性变化,分析动脉功能与各危险因素的相关性.结果 与对照组(1 517.9±315.0 cm/s)相比,伴代谢综合征组(1 916.5±318.0 cm/s)和单纯高血压病组(1 757.6±313.9 cm/s)肱-踝脉搏波传导速度均显著增加(P<0.01和0.05),且伴代谢综合征组显著高于单纯高血压病组(P<0.05).对照组、单纯高血压病组和伴代谢综合征组受试者大动脉弹性(113.2±46.2、91.1±35.0和66.6±31.1 mL/mmHg,P<0.01)和小动脉弹性(505±244、355±195和253±116 mL/mmHg,P<0.05)依次降低.Peason相关分析表明肱-踝脉搏波传导速度与年龄、收缩压、脉压差、甘油三酯呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈显著负相关(P<0.01);大动脉弹性、小动脉弹性与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关(P<0.05和0.01),而与年龄、收缩压、脉压差和甘油三酯呈负相关(P均<0.01).结论 代谢综合征加重高血压病患者动脉功能的减退.     

炎症因子与糖尿病及其大血管并发症的相关性及干预治疗的效果

选择正常对照组105例、单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)组98例、糖尿病合并大血管病变组127例(并发症组),并将并发症组随机分成常规治疗组和普伐他汀治疗组,检测受试者的脂联素、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)及血脂水平.结果 :①T2DM组和并发症组的血清hsCRP水平较正常对照组升高,脂联素水平较正常对照组降低(P均<0.05);②并发症组血清hsCRP水平较T2DM组升高,脂联素水平较T2DM组降低(P均<0.05).③2周后普伐他汀治疗组血清hsCRP水平明显下降(P<0.05).认为D2M及其大血管病变患者血清脂联素水平降低,hsCRP水平升高;普伐他汀治疗可降低血清hsCRP,其抗炎作用独立于降脂作用之外.     

氟伐他汀改善高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性临床研究

目的观察氟伐他汀对降压治疗中高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性功能的影响.方法选择30例正在规律服用降压药物治疗并且脉压≥60 mmHg的高血压患者,分为安慰剂组(15例)和氟伐他汀组(15例),分别加服安慰剂(1片每天)或氟伐他汀(40 mg/d),治疗3个月.观察治疗前、后肱动脉血压,脉搏波传导速度(PWV),大动脉和小动脉弹性指数(C1和C2),从桡动脉压力波形实时获得的中心动脉血压、压力反射波增强指数(AI).结果安慰组治疗后各项指标均无显著改变.氟伐他汀组治疗后肱动脉收缩压与脉压分别降低8.0±12.9 mmHg (P=0.031) 与5.7±9.3 mmHg (P=0.033),中心动脉收缩压与脉压分别降低9.7±12.4 mmHg (P=0.009) 与7.1±9.3 mmHg (P=0.01),中心动脉下降幅度大于肱动脉;舒张压和心率无显著改变;C2升高 (P=0.03);AI降低 (P=0.026);PWV 和C1无显著改变.结论氟伐他汀通过改善高血压患者小动脉弹性和外周压力波反射,具有缩小脉压的作用.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.