MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: microRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively. Although a role for aberrant miRNA expression in cancer has been postulated, the pathophysiologic role and relevance of aberrantly expressed miRNA to tumor biology has not been established. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of miRNA in human hepatocellular cancer (HCC) by expression profiling, and defined a target gene and biologically functional effect of an up-regulated miRNA. RESULTS: miR-21 was noted to be highly overexpressed in HCC tumors and cell lines in expression profiling studies using a miRNA microarray. Inhibition of miR-21 in cultured HCC cells increased expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor, and decreased tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast-enhanced miR-21 expression by transfection with precursor miR-21 increased tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, an increase in cell migration was observed in normal human hepatocytes transfected with precursor miR-21. PTEN was shown to be a direct target of miR-21, and to contribute to miR-21 effects on cell invasion. Modulation of miR-21 altered focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and expression of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, both downstream mediators of PTEN involved in cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant expression of miR-21 can contribute to HCC growth and spread by modulating PTEN expression and PTEN-dependent pathways involved in mediating phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells such as cell growth, migration, and invasion.     

Site-specific phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2 by the heme-regulated and double-stranded RNA-activated eIF-2α kinases from rabbit reticulocyte lysates

The site specificity of phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2α) by the heme-regulated and double-stranded RNA-activated eIF-2α kinases were compared by phosphopeptide mapping. eIF-2α was maximally phosphorylated in vitro with [γ-³²P]ATP and either crude or partially purified preparations of the kinases. ³²P-Labeled eIF-2α was isolated by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. The fixed, stained, and dried polypeptide band was excised and then exhaustively digested directly in the gel slice with one of several proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, subtilisin, or thermolysin); the resultant [³²P]phosphopeptides were analyzed by one-dimensional chromatography or by two-dimensional chromatography and high-voltage electrophoresis. In addition, limited proteolysis of [³²P]eIF-2α contained in fixed, dried, and stained gel slices was achieved with Staphylococcus aureus protease V8, chymotrypsin, or subtilisin, and the partial ³²P-labeled cleavage products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Each protease produced distinct and reproducible [³²P]phosphopeptide profiles after partial or exhaustive proteolysis of [³²P]eIF-2α. With a given protease, identical [³²P]phosphopeptide patterns were obtained whether eIF-2α was phosphorylated by the heme-regulated or the double-stranded RNA-activated kinase. These data indicate that, in vitro, the kinases phosphorylate sites on eIF-2α that are identical or proximally located in the primary sequence. In this report we also provide preliminary evidence that the two eIF-2α kinases activated in lysates by heme deficiency or double-stranded RNA phosphorylate site(s) of endogenous eIF-2α that are similar, if not identical, to the sites phosphorylated in vitro with partially purified eIF-2α kinase(s) and eIF-2.     

Protein kinase D regulates the adiponectin gene expression through phosphorylation of AP-2: a common pathway to the ABCA1 gene regulation

Expression of the activator protein (AP) 2β is closely associated with type-2 diabetes and negatively regulates expression of the adiponectin gene. We previously demonstrated that AP-2α negatively regulates the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) gene through its Ser-phosphorylation by protein kinase (PK) D. The phosphorylation site of AP-2α located in the basic domain, a critical site for its DNA binding, is conserved among species and five subtypes of AP-2. We therefore investigated the involvement of PKD in regulation of the adiponectin gene expression. Knockdown of PKD by its siRNA led to the increase in the mRNA and the promoter activity of adiponectin, and resulted in increase of adiponectin secretion and decrease of fat accumulation in cultured cells. PKD activators decreased expression of the adiponectin gene, and its inhibition by PKD siRNA and by a selective inhibitor G?6983 canceled this effect. ChIP analysis demonstrated that inhibition of PKD activity decreased the DNA binding of AP-2β to the adiponectin promoter. Finally, G?6983 increased adiponectin expression in mice. PKD is thus a common modulator of the DNA binding activity of AP-2α and AP-2β through their phosphorylation for negative regulation of the ABCA1 and adiponectin genes expression, respectively.     

醛酮还原酶1B10基因沉默对MHCC97H细胞生长和基因表达的影响

目的 探讨醛酮还原酶1B10(AKR1B10)基因在肝癌发生和发展过程中的作用及其机制.方法 化学合成AKR1B10序列特异性小干扰RNA,用脂质体LipofectaminrTM2000介导转染人肝癌细胞系MHCC97H,设实验组转染AKR1B10-小干扰RNA,设阴性对照组转染非编码序列双链小RNA,设空白对照组不作转染.用实时定量PCR、Western blot和酶活性检测法检测AKR1B10 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,用细胞计数试剂盒CCK-8检测转染细胞的生长增殖变化,用流式细胞仪检测膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶双标记的凋亡细胞变化,并用实时定量PCR检测c myc、c-fos、N-ras、ki-67、caspas 3、bax肿瘤相关基因的表达变化.用析因设计的方差分析和完全随机方差分析进行组间比较,LSD法进行多重比较.结果 转染24、48 h和72 h后,AKR1B10 mRNA的相对表达量在实验组分别为0.382±0.048、0.098±0.008和0.257±0.032;阴性对照组分别为0.797±0.092、0.742±0.086和0.794+0.105;空白对照组分别为0.808±0.118、0.716±0.083和0.706±0.067.不同转染时间和不同实验组中AKR1B10 mRNA的表达比较,F值分别为11.650和566.971,P值均＜0.01,差异均有统计学意义.转染24、48 h和72 h后,实验组的AKR1B10mRNA表达较空白对照组被明显抑制,抑制率分别为52.7%±5.6%、86.3%±4.4%和63.7%±6.1%,以转染48 h的抑制率最高(t=80.68,P＜0.01);阴性对照组的表达水平接近空白对照组(P＞0.05).Western blot结果显示,转染24、48 h和72 h后,实验组的AKR1B10蛋白表达水平均有下降,其中以转染72 h的降低幅度最大;阴性对照组的表达水平接近空白对照组.转染24、48、72h和96h后,实验组450nm处吸光度值分别为1.465±0.040、1.724±0.106、1.934±0.069和2.377±0.163;阴性对照组分别为1.528±0.044、2.019±0.091、2.711±0.204、3.151±0.159;空白对照组分别为1.567+0.057、2.102±0.099、2.642±0.198、3.069±0.180;不同转染时间和不同实验组间比较,F值分别为128.092、36.535,P值均＜0.01,差异均有统计学意义.转染了AKR1B10-siRNA的MHCC97H细胞生长受到抑制.与空白对照组相比,实验组的细胞生长抑制率在转染48、72 h和96 h分别为18.0%±1.6%、26.1%±3.2%和22.5%±1.1%,t值分别为19.197、13.093和23.553,P值均＜0.01,差异均有统计学意义;阴性对照组的细胞生长未受到明显抑制(P＞0.05).实验组、阴性对照组和空白对照组各基因mRNA的相对表达量:c-myc基因分别为1.047±0.156、1.737±0.193和1.631±0.128;c-fos基因分别为0.041+0.003、0.082±0.006和0.081±0.004; N-ras基因分别为0.082±0.009、0.156±0.013和0.133±0.015;ki-67基因分别为0.032±0.002、0.070±0.008和0.069±0.005; caspasc-3基因分别为0.148±0.018、0.110±0.009和0.108+0.012;bax基因分别为0.780±0.092、0.629±0.058和0.617±0.073,各基因的mRNA在不同组别表达差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为104.384、400.915、211.903、427.041、67.750和37.272,P值均＜0.01).结论 AKR1B10可能通过调节肿瘤相关基因的表达水平来促进细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡.     

Stx1B基因克隆、表达及重组蛋白的纯化

目的构建志贺样毒素1B亚单位(Stx1B)的原核表达载体,获取高纯度的Stx1B重组蛋白。方法用PCR法扩增Stx1B,通过基因重组技术克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-2,将该重组质粒转化E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导表达,Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析柱纯化重组蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析及Westernblot检测。结果重组质粒经诱导后表达分子量为34kD的重组蛋白,Western blot检测显示特异性条带,亲和层析柱纯化后得到重组蛋白的纯度在90%左右。结论成功构建了Stx1B重组质粒,表达并纯化出高纯度重组蛋白,为进一步的生物性质研究奠定了基础。     

云南保山和普洱地区带绦虫线粒体DNA基因编码核糖体RNA小亚基基因序列分析

目的 利用线粒体DNA基因编码核糖体RNA小亚基(mtDNA-12S rRNA)基因序列分析对采自云南保山、普洱地区的带绦虫标本进行鉴定.方法 选取保山(7条,BS1-BS7)、普洱(2条,PE1～PE2)带绦虫成虫节片,抽提基因组DNA,PCR扩增mtDNA-12S rRNA基因序列,并测序;结合GenBank中已知的猪带绦虫(ZD)、牛带绦虫(ND)、亚洲带绦虫(YZ)mtDNA-12S rRNA基因序列,经DNA MAN软件处理后构建同源树状图与系统发育树状图.结果 带绦虫同源树与系统发育树状图显示,BS1、BS2、BS4、BS5与YZ的同源性最近(99%).BS3、BS6、BS7、PE1、PE2与ND的同源性最近(99%).结论 云南保山存在牛带绦虫与亚洲带绦虫,普洱存在牛带绦虫,mtDNA-12S rRNA基因序列可用于三种带绦虫的分类研究.

Abstract：

Objective To identify Taenia cestodes specimens collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province by analyzing mitochondrial DNA gene encoding ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtDNA-12S rRNA) gene sequence. Methods The adult Taenia cestode samples were collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province. The genomic DNA was extracted and mtDNA-12S rRAN gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced.Combined with the known mtDNA-12S rRNA gene sequence of Taenia solium, Taenia saginata,Taenia asiatica in GenBank, homology tree and phylogenetic tree were constructed by DNA MAN software. Results Taenia cestode homology tree and phylogenetic tree showed that gene sequences of BS1, BS2, BS4 and BS5 were most close to YZ with identity of 99% and those of BS3, BS6, BST,PE1 and PE2 were most close to ND with identity of 99%. Conclusions Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica can be found in Baoshan area, while Taenia saginata can be found in Puer area. The gene sequence of mtDNA-12S rRNA can be used for clarifying the three types of Taenia cestode.     

大肠杆菌O157VT2 B亚基基因的克隆与表达

目的对大肠杆菌O157VT2毒素B亚基基因进行克隆、表达与鉴定,为VT2毒素的抗原、抗体大规模制备及疾病的预防、诊断和疫苗研究打下基础。方法设计寡核苷酸引物,利用PCR技术从出血性大肠杆菌O157的染色体基因组中扩增出VT2毒素B亚基基因,连接到表达载体pET-28a以构建重组质粒。将重组质粒转入表达宿主菌BL21感受态细胞,通过IPTG诱导进行表达,对表达蛋白进行SDSPAGE电泳分析和Western检测。结果用PCR方法扩增出了预期大小的VT2B亚基基因,克隆得到重组质粒pET28aVT2B,转化后宿主菌成功表达分子量为8kD的目的蛋白,用特异抗体经Western检测该条带为阳性反应。结论目的基因成功克隆到宿主菌内,目的蛋白得到高效表达,最佳诱导时间为4h,目的蛋白表达量可达总蛋白量45.72%。     

云南保山和普洱地区带绦虫线粒体DNA基因编码核糖体RNA小亚基基因序列分析

目的 利用线粒体DNA基因编码核糖体RNA小亚基(mtDNA-12S rRNA)基因序列分析对采自云南保山、普洱地区的带绦虫标本进行鉴定.方法 选取保山(7条,BS1-BS7)、普洱(2条,PE1～PE2)带绦虫成虫节片,抽提基因组DNA,PCR扩增mtDNA-12S rRNA基因序列,并测序;结合GenBank中已知的猪带绦虫(ZD)、牛带绦虫(ND)、亚洲带绦虫(YZ)mtDNA-12S rRNA基因序列,经DNA MAN软件处理后构建同源树状图与系统发育树状图.结果 带绦虫同源树与系统发育树状图显示,BS1、BS2、BS4、BS5与YZ的同源性最近(99%).BS3、BS6、BS7、PE1、PE2与ND的同源性最近(99%).结论 云南保山存在牛带绦虫与亚洲带绦虫,普洱存在牛带绦虫,mtDNA-12S rRNA基因序列可用于三种带绦虫的分类研究.