脾脏错构瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的:探讨脾脏错构瘤(SH)的CT和MRI表现.方法:回顾性分析6例病理确诊的SH患者的CT和MRI影像学表现.结果:6例SH中5例为单发,1例为多发.病灶在CT平扫呈等或稍低密度,在T1WI上呈等或稍低信号,在T2WI上呈不均匀低信号(4例)或高信号(2例),其中2例病灶中心出现局灶异常信号.动态增强扫描4例病灶表现为早期弥漫不均匀轻度强化并随时间推移呈渐进性延迟性强化,2例表现为早期均匀较明显强化,2例病灶中心的局灶异常信号呈部分延迟强化.结论:SH的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征性,影像学检查特别是MRI是诊断SH的重要方法.     

腹部侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT及MRI特征

目的：探讨腹内侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT及MRI特征。方法：回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的腹内侵袭性纤维瘤病CT及MRI表现。术前仅行CT检查9例,仅行MRI检查3例,同时行CT及MRI检查6例。结果：18例腹内侵袭性纤维瘤病表现为腹膜后或腹腔内软组织肿块。腹膜后肿块以浸润性生长呈不规则形、爪形多见;腹腔内肿块以膨胀性生长呈圆形、类圆形多见。CT检查15例中,平扫病灶呈稍低密度11例,等密度4例,病灶内未见坏死、钙化及脂肪密度,增强扫描动脉期病灶大部分呈不均匀轻度强化,静脉期病灶持续强化,延迟期强化最明显,其中9例病灶周边及内部残留有斑片状、条状无强化稍低密度区。MRI检查9例中,T2WI病灶均呈稍高信号;T1WI呈等信号5例,呈稍低信号4例;脂肪抑制T2WI序列,病灶呈明显高信号。其中6例病灶在各序列中均见有条带状致密胶原纤维形成的低信号影。动态增强扫描动脉期及静脉期病灶轻中度不均匀强化,延迟期病灶明显强化。结论：腹内侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT及MRI表现具有一定特征性,CT、MRI检查对该病有较高的诊断价值。     

肝脏孤立性坏死结节的CT、MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的:探讨肝脏孤立性坏死结节(SNN)的CT、MRI表现及其分型诊断价值和病理基础.方法:分析经临床和病理证实的肝孤立性坏死结节29例(所有病例均行MR检查,其中15例行CT检查),探讨SNN的CT、MRI表现及其分型诊断价值和病理基础.结果:①单纯凝固性坏死型(14例),T1WI、T2WI上均呈低或低-等信号,增强扫描病灶内凝固性坏死无强化,周围包膜呈延迟强化.其中8例行CT检查,CT平扫呈低或等密度,增强扫描无强化,5例可见包膜呈延迟期环形强化.②伴液化性坏死型(5例),T1WI上呈低信号,较大病灶内可见更低信号;T2WI上病灶呈低-等信号,其内液化性坏死呈点片状更高信号;增强后病灶无强化,周围包膜呈轻-中度强化.CT检查3例,CT平扫呈低或等密度,增强扫描无强化,2例周围包膜呈延迟期环形强化.CT不能反映病灶内液化性坏死.③多结节融合型(10例),T1WI呈低信号,其内可见低-等信号分隔;T2WI病灶以等-稍高信号为主,其内可见等或略高信号分隔,其中6例合并液化性坏死还可见裂隙状高信号.增强扫描病灶无强化,其内分隔及周围包膜呈轻-中度强化.CT检查4例,其中3例为低或等密度融合结节,增强扫描内部分隔及周围包膜呈延迟期强化.CT不能显示内部液化性坏死和病灶全部分隔.结论:CT、MRI能较好反映肝脏孤立性坏死结节的分型及各型的病理特征,MRI在多结节融合型和伴液化坏死型的诊断价值明显优于CT.     

肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤组织学分型与CT、MRI对比分析(附19例报告)

目的 探讨肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(HIMT)CT、MRI特征与病理改变的关系,提高对其的诊断准确率.资料与方法 经手术及病理证实的HIMT患者19例,其中男12例,女7例,年龄27～79岁,平均46.7岁.18例行CT平扫及增强扫描;1例仅行CT平扫,7例同时行CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 19例中15例为单发病灶,4例多发,共26个病灶,位于肝左叶4个,肝右叶22个.组织学分型包括黄色肉芽肿型15例:CT平扫低密度12例,等密度3例;14例增强扫描,动脉期1例明显强化,门静脉期轻度强化10例,平衡期轻度强化4例.4例行MRI检查,T1WI呈等信号1例,低信号3例,T2WI均为高信号.增强扫描4例动脉期均无强化,门静脉期或平衡期轻度强化.浆细胞肉芽肿型3例:CT平扫呈稍低密度2例,等密度1例.增强扫描动脉期均无强化,门静脉期或平衡期轻度强化;行MRI检查2例,增强扫描呈壁结节强化.硬化型1例:CT平扫为等、低混杂密度影,增强扫描动脉期无强化,门静脉期呈均匀强化,平衡期病灶密度减低.MRI平扫T1WI为等信号,T2WI为高信号,增强扫描动脉期无强化,门静脉期轻度强化,延迟期强化明显.26个病灶中4个有假包膜.结论 CT及MRI平扫及增强扫描能够反映HIMT组织学变化特点,但对不同类型病变的CT、MRI鉴别诊断仍比较困难.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT及MRI表现

目的:探讨肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的螺旋CT及高场强MRI的影像学表现,提高FNH诊断准确率.方法:回顾性分析60例经手术病理证实的66个FNH.螺旋CT检查32例,MRI检查30例,其中2例同时做了CT和MRI.结果:CT发现33个病灶,MRI发现35个病灶,其中平扫中CT31个为均匀的低或稍低密度,2个为等密度,T1WI30个为低或稍低信号,5个为等信号,T2WI均呈高或稍高信号.病灶中心见点状,星状,裂隙状更低密度/信号:CT11个,T1WI16个,T2WI19个为更高信号.动脉期所有病灶均明显强化,病灶中心更低密度/信号区均未强化,病灶周围有增粗,扭曲血管影:CT7个,MRI10个.门脉期呈高或稍高密度/信号:CT21个,MRI33个.呈等密度/信号:CT10个,MRI2个.呈稍低密度:CT2个.病灶中心更低密度/信号强化:CT1个,MRI6个.延迟期呈高或稍高密度/信号:CT4个,MRI30个.呈等密度/信号:CT24个,MRI5个.呈稍低密度:CT5个.病灶中心更低密度/信号强化:CT10个,MRI15个.结论:平扫和动态增强螺旋CT及高场强MRI能较全面显示FNH的病理特征和血供特点,提高了和其它肝脏肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力.     

肝脏上皮样血管内皮瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 总结肝脏上皮样血管内皮瘤(HEHE)的CT和MRI表现.方法 搜集经手术或穿刺活检后病理证实的HEHE 11例,所有的病例均行CT检查,其中5例行CT平扫及双期增强扫描(动脉期+门静脉期),其他6例行CT平扫及三期增强扫描(动脉期+门静脉期+延迟期).11例中有5例加做MRI平扫及动态增强扫描.回顾性分析病变的生长方式、分布特点、密度(信号)特点、强化方式及邻近组织情况.结果 11例均表现为肝内多发病灶,大部分病灶位于肝包膜下,根据生长方式分为三型:结节型(5例),匍匐生长型(1例)和混合型(5例).CT平扫,病灶均呈低密度,直径＞2 cm的病灶内见类圆形更低密度.MRI平扫:病灶呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,直径＞2 cm的病灶信号不均匀(T1WI内见更低信号,T2WI内见更高信号).其他影像学征象包括“棒棒糖征”(6例)、包膜退缩征(6例).增强扫描:病灶直径＜1 cm的表现为轻度较均匀强化;病灶直径为1～2 cm主要表现为轻度较均匀强化;病灶直径＞2 cm的多为不均匀渐进性强化.结论 HEHE的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征性,其强化方式与病灶的大小相关.     

原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2008年11月间11例经手术病理证实的原发性肝类癌患者资料.4例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查,分析其影像表现特征.结果 11例中肿瘤多发2例,表现为2个或2个以上的结节状病灶,其余9例均为单发.CT检查4例患者病灶均表现为平扫边界清楚低密度,中心可见不规则更低密度区;增强后动脉期病灶实质部分不均匀强化,中心更低密度区无强化,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,强化程度较动脉期减低,中心坏死区始终无强化.MRI 8例患者中7例T_1WI表现为边界清楚的不均匀低信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号,中心可见不规则低信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,病灶中心可见不规则无强化低信号区,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,边缘显示不清,病灶中心无强化低信号区范围较动脉期缩小.1例患者T_1WI表现为边界清楚的囊状低信号影,囊内可见高信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,门静脉期及延迟期呈低信号.结论 平扫和动态增强CT扫描及MRI能反映原发性肝类癌的影像特点,具有一定特征性.     

脾种植的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨脾种植的CT和MRI特征性表现.方法 回顾性分析7例腹部脾种植患者的CT和MRI表现并与病理结果进行对照.结果 7例患者均有脾外伤破裂或脾切除史,有19个脾种植结节,呈圆形或卵圆形.(1)1例脾种植位于腹膜后,1例2个病灶分别位于脾区和胰腺尾部,3例位于脾区.上述5例脾种植直径10～50mm.螺旋CT扫描2例,平扫表现为稍低密度,增强扫描动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期均为均匀稍高密度.MRI平扫5例,2例T1WI正相位均为等信号,T1WI反相位信号降低;3例T1WI正相位为稍低信号、T1WI反相位信号无明显降低.T2WI均为中高信号.MRI增强扫描1例,动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期均为高信号.病理检查脾种植内无或少量含铁血黄素.(2)1例多发脾种植患者,5个病灶位于肝脏,7个病灶位于上腹部大网膜和肠系膜区;1例脾种植位于脾区;上述2例脾种植直径10～40mm,2例同时行CT和MR扫描.CT平扫1例为略高密度(脂肪肝背景),1例为均匀低密度;增强扫描动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期均为高密度.MR平扫,T1WI 2例均为稍低信号,T1WI反相位1例信号无降低,1例信号降低;T2WI 2例均为不均匀低信号.增强扫描1例动脉期和门静脉期肝脏病灶呈轻度高信号,延迟期呈低信号;大网肠和肠系膜病灶动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期均呈中等高信号.1例脾区脾种植动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期均呈低信号.病理检查病灶内见大量含铁血黄素.结论 脾种植的CT和MRI表现有一定特征性,能准确反映其病理学基础.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生影像分析

目的 :分析肝脏局灶性结节增生 (FNH )的CT、MR及DSA表现 ,提高对本病的认识。方法 :6例经证实的FNH ,均行CT、MR及DSA检查。结果 :6例病灶CT平扫低密度者 4例 ,均匀或不均匀 ,2例为等密度。增强动脉期所有病灶均有明显强化 ,除中心瘢痕外病灶强化均匀一致 ,3例可见到中心或周边增粗、扭曲的动脉。门脉期和延迟期扫描 4例病灶为等密度 ,2例为略高密度。 3例伴有中心瘢痕 ,1例无强化 ,2例延迟强化。 2例行DSA检查 ,病灶内分布较均匀的新生血管团。MR检查 4例 ,T1 WI呈等信号或略低信号 ,T2 WI呈略高信号。 1例行Gd DTPA增强延迟期呈略高信号 ,中心瘢痕无明显强化。结论 :CT、MR及DSA检查可充分反映FNH的血供特点和病理特征 ,动态增强是诊断FNH最有效的影像学手段 ,在诊断和鉴别诊断中具有很大价值     

泌尿生殖系统孤立性纤维瘤的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨泌尿生殖系统孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的CT与MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的SFT患者的影像学资料,6例均行CT检查,1例行MRI扫描.结果 6例SFT中,肾脏、前列腺、睾丸、子宫、阴道及尿道各1例,均为单发圆形或类圆形肿块,5例边界清楚,1例边界欠清,大小约1.0 cm ×0.9 cm～ 15.2 cm×14.1 cm,平均约8.3 cm×7.1 cm.CT平扫3例呈等稍低均匀密度,3例呈不均匀等密度,伴斑片状低密度区;增强扫描动脉期肿块不均匀明显强化,延迟期肿块进一步持续强化,3例内见坏死无强化区;4例肿块内或表面可见粗大供血血管.MRI 1例T1WI呈等稍低信号,T2 WI呈等稍低信号,其内见小斑片状高信号及粗大的流空血管.结论 CT或MRI表现为孤立性、类圆形、实性肿块,边界清楚,密度或信号均匀或不均匀,增强动脉期明显不均匀强化,延迟期肿块进一步持续强化,尤其看到肿块内粗大的供血血管时,应考虑SFT可能.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.