The Last Word Meeting the Challenge of Eating Disorders

Abstract

We have included prevention as well as treatment in the title of this new journal because prevention has become a passion for many of us on the editorial board. We hope our readers share this passion.     

Zur Abgrenzung von Affekttaten und Impulstaten

In this article we try to differentiate between impulsive crimes and crimes of passion. The former are all impulsively executed and unplanned aggressive acts where we can find no specific preceding events which can be derived from a relevant relationship between offender and victim. Crimes of passion on the other hand are also impulsive and aggressive acts executed in a highly stressful affective state, but they are directed towards another relevant person and characterized by specific preceding events derived from the relationship between offender and victim. Thus they result from a perceived threat to the offender's self-image. We outline features for assessing crimes of passion as well as some indications which could facilitate them. The above mentioned differentiation between impulsive crimes and crimes of passion is relevant in forensic practice. Assessment of the psychological and psychopathological processes and states described in this article allows forensic psychiatric experts to give more reliable and more distinct recommendations to a court regarding the offender's criminal responsibility.     

The Role of Passion in Exercise Addiction,Exercise Volume,and Exercise Intensity in Long-term Exercisers

Recent studies have shown a relationship between the risk for exercise addiction (REA) and passion. This research examined whether levels of REA, volume of exercise (in weekly hours), and self-reported exercise intensities yield differences in obsessive passion and harmonious passion among individuals with long history of exercise. Respondents (n = 360) completed the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Passion Scale, and Borg Scale (assessing their usual exercise intensity), and reported their volume of exercise (hours per week). Regression analysis demonstrated that exercise intensity, obsessive passion, and harmonious passion were significant predictors (r² = .381, p < .001) of the REA scores with obsessive passion being the strongest predictor (r² = .318). Exercisers classified as at REA reported higher obsessive passion, harmonious passion, and exercise intensity (p ≤ .001) than those classified as symptomatic, who in turn scored higher on these measures (p ≤ .006) than asymptomatic exercisers. Participants reporting greater volumes of exercise also scored higher on obsessive passion, harmonious passion (p < .001), exercise intensity (p = .032), and REA scores (p = .042) than individuals who exercised less. Finally, women exercising between low and high intensities exhibited greater obsessive passion, as well as harmonious passion (p ≤ .005) than men reporting similar exercise intensities. These findings support the recently reported relationship between passion and REA. They also expand the current knowledge by demonstrating that obsessive passion and harmonious passion are greater in the individuals who exercise at higher volumes and with higher intensities.

     

The space of passion]

The figures and speech of passion are clinically polymorphous and heterogeneous: from the baroque of the mystical ecstasy, the iconophily of religious and political ideologies, the collector's usual fetishism and the paranoiac insanity of hatred to the passions of knowing and loving. These are at the same time a passion for life as well as for self-destruction, for showing oneself as well for not knowing oneself, for representing oneself as well as for non representing oneself. Passion bares the impossible of mourning, its real point that gives a boost to the continual work. Passion confronts us to the essence of the being, to its fundamental distress. The being, whose shadow is projecting itself on the object of the passion, gives a name and a face to that object, and receives back its marks. That explains why passion is always accompanied by suffering. Moreover, passion is suffering according to its etymology: until the XVIth century, the word "passionate" meant somebody who suffered physically. The nature of the object of the passion (a relic, a part of a sentence, an indication, the track of an object or any other subject) changes nothing to the structure of the speech of passion.     

Bridging the Gap between Ethical Climate and Nurses’ Service Behaviors: the Critical Role of Professional Well-Being

Although the importance of nurses’ service behaviors has been increasingly emphasized, few studies accounted for how organizational or individual antecedents affect nurses’ psychological processes to implement service behaviors. Additionally, they mainly focused on the one side of roleprescribed service behavior and ignored the effect on extra-role service behavior. This study seeks to explore the relationship between ethical climate and nurses’ service behaviors from a comparative view, of the role-prescribed and extra-role service behavior and examine the mediating effect of nurses’ professional wellbeing (as characterized by positive attitudes toward work, specifically harmonious work passion and obsessive work passion). Survey data from 378 nurses in China indicate that nurses’ harmonious work passion mediated the effects of ethical climate on both their role-prescribed and extra-role service behavior; however, obsessive work passion only mediated the effect of ethical climate on roleprescribed service behavior. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed in this study.     

Brief report: Intimacy, passion, and commitment in romantic relationships--validation of a 'triangular love scale' for adolescents

This study examined the psychometric properties of an adolescent version of the 'triangular love scale' (TLS), which assesses three components of romantic relationships: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Using data from 435 Dutch adolescents aged 12-18 years, we found evidence for convergent validity, showing that dimensions of intimacy, passion, and commitment were all positively correlated with relationship satisfaction and duration. Evidence was also found for divergent validity, as adolescents' perceptions of the main (dis)advantages of being involved in romantic relationships showed a specific pattern of associations with intimacy, passion, and commitment. Finally, CFA analyses in LISREL showed that a model in which all separate questionnaire items were specified to load on three underlying, correlated factors (intimacy, passion, commitment) fit the data adequately. Overall, this measure seems appropriate for use with adolescents.     

Découvrir,connaître,transmettre : une passion de la Connaissance

Access to knowledge, the means to achieve it and the debates that surround it remain one of the questions that persist throughout time. The central theme of this article is the analysis of the elements involved in the passion for knowledge. The author proposes a conception of what can become a “passion for knowledge” from early mental states and stimulations and the dynamics of interactions. This passion is organized around three actions: to discover, to know, to transmit with as supports curiosity and learning. Access to knowledge, the means to achieve it and the debates that surround it remain one of the questions that persist throughout time. This is illustrated by historically recognized examples, the poetess and theologian Juana Inès de la Cruz (17th century), the pianist and essayist Glen Gould, the designer and theorist of color J. Itten. Two clinical cases followed by the author testify to the drifts of this passion. Knowledge covers several disciplinary areas and is directed at various directions by mobilizing different dimensions of cognition but always runs up against the question of certainty and acceptance of uncertainty.     

La passion du soin et du travail psychiques,un paradoxe ?

Is passion, a concept difficult to define, disturbing affect by its double emotional and representative dimension, “a normal pathological state”? It concerns any relation to an “object” that wants to occupy a considerable place in existence. Can a therapist be passionate or be crossed by passion? Whether it is cultural, artistic, sporting, passion can provoke, we know it well, a passionate outburst. How can one accept its necessity while being wary of its destructive side (mystical passion, delusional passion) where the subject ends up getting lost? Etymology may provide a partial response to the polysemy of the word that has created confusion. Passion comes from the Latin “passio” which refers to the fact of suffering, experiencing. The Greek root “pathos” gave pathology whose original meaning is the study of passions and then that of diseases, and also non-medical terms (pathetic…). The semantic confusion has been based on this for centuries. Passion remains difficult to pin down. What maintains my desire, my passion in this solitary work? I need to remain in the unceasing research, in the questioning. Here are the basics inscribed in me: reading, working meetings that bring pleasure to think while maintaining openness to the unconscious by better grasping the counter-transference, belonging to a society to share the same passion of human knowledge and the same desire to heal. Passions remain pervasive and some take up more space than the object of passion. This is one of the many paradoxes. An other: the passion, this “dark complacency to vertigo” (Paul Ricoeur), allows to alienate oneself in the bond to better find oneself, to recreate oneself. We cannot, escape knowledge about ourselves. Beyond its excess, constitutes a real psychic work of elaboration and symbolization. Let us keep alive this passion for psychic care and work. To do this, let us remain confident in our theoretic-clinical commitments as well as in the changes we deem necessary to help those who come to tell us about their suffering. Who are they? Interest in their own mental health is initially acquired for neurotic patients; it is legitimate and useful. With patients working on a psychotic register, this is not the case and we are faced with an obstacle cited by Marcel Sassolas, which is “the distrust developed by these people towards their own psychic activity”. The only real objective of psychiatric care remains the safeguarding and restoration of their psychic activity, knowing full well that being present is a source of danger. What maintains our desire for care and psychic work with the attention we pay to it? The way we work with the richness of the commitments it unders understands – psychoanalysis for me – allows us to understand the human in an exceptional and exciting way. Here are two of my tools. First empathy. It is a dialectic between understanding and feeling that manifests, occurs, in an unseeded manner at the level of the preconscious of one (therapist) or the other (patient). My other tool is this therapeutic device that is co-work (shared associative movement). Daniel Widlöcher's co-thought… The latter has taken up the Freudian concept of “induction of thought”. This allows him to link empathy, through “the transfer of thought”, to the associative and representational co-thinking of the therapist and the patient. What is this co-work? In psychoanalytic relaxation, for example, we know that a particular word, a phrase, a phoneme can have, for the relaxer, an emotional impact that is inscribed in his thought (reverie) and in his body (sensation). Passion allows creative psychic care by producing from living. It strengthens our need for new projects that boost our motivation and confidence. It maintains our desire to be at the heart of psychic work and that of transmitting that strength. Creativity is not the ability to create a work, it is the ability to creatively live a meaningful life (Winnicott). It is vitality in the service of self-building. Stay alive and passionate, even late in practice, not because of knowledge, experience, but because of the uninterrupted work in self-discovery. To conclude? I consider that a living therapeutic process, that is, subjective appropriation, implies a passionate character in the therapist who offers a place for what is to be deposited there. We are often in paradoxical situations. To better understand its scope, I rely on the Oxford Dictionary's definition: a paradox is an assertion that seems absurd, though maybe truly well-founded. It's all in the maybe. Isn’t the psyche that heals the psyche the passion of dialogue with our unconscious?     

Gambling passion]

Among the populations of advanced western countries during recent decades the number of people with the passion for gambling is increasing. A similar trend may be soon foreseen in Czechoslovakia. The author summarizes contemporary views on the passion for gambling and informs also on forensic psychiatric aspects of this so far not generally accepted diagnostic category leading often to criminal offences.     

Passions et Radicalités : Nouvelles formulations et dynamique sociétale

It is a conceptual approach to the notion of passion, its evolution over time. The methodology is based on the analysis of original texts and the search for terms and themes that persist in contemporary thought. The author analyses the appearance of the link between passion and madness since ancient philosophers and the persistence of the relationship to reason and subcategories of passions, such as hatred and can inform terrorism-related radicalizations. The author analyses the appearance of the link between passion and madness from ancient philosophers and the persistence of the relationship to the reason of subcategories of passions such as hatred and radicalities. Initially focused on the individual, we see the extension of its use towards the group with the notion of social passion. An affective state dominating the life of an individual's mind, passion is subsequently analyzed successively as subordinate to reason and likely to become a form of madness among the Stoics. The theological–political power will cause them to be regarded as attitudes of incapacity and disobedience to the divine law. Viewed first as an opinion, the passage to the medical and alienist current leads to the characterization of nosographic entity before the particular context of radical thoughts and the questioning of religious and philosophical radicalities is emphasized. The analyses of doctors and alienists will reflect the conceptions of their time but will gradually emerge from the religious context. The relation to the rational and the true will be restored in the analysis of the delusions in the 19th century. The analysis of radical thoughts and radicalities will be late and will include the passage from individual passions to collective passions and social passions.     

Diminished responsibility as a mitigating circumstance in juvenile offenders' legal judgments

The legal judgments of 20 juvenile offenders and 20 non-offenders were examined for three types of crimes: assault, arson and treason. Mitigating circumstances cast in the form of an inability to control events consisted of brain damage, passion and economic need, in contrast to a situation in which no mitigating circumstances were offered. The results indicated that despite the often-made legal argument, neither group regarded passion and economic need as circumstances warranting the reduction of sentencing. Compared to the non-offender group, offenders rated brain damage as less mitigating. While non-offenders rated passion and economic need more severely than brain damage, offenders' ratings of the three circumstances did not differ significantly. The findings are discussed in terms of perceptions of control and structural-developmental approaches to socialization.     

Quels impacts des activités bénévoles sur la santé ? Un exemple à travers le scoutisme

What are the health impacts of volunteer activities? An example through scouting. There is little work linking health and engagement in volunteer activities. Can the volunteer environment be considered conducive to a better quality of life in general or is it more a question of personality variables related to individuals? If so, which ones? Can we imagine, for example, that some people are bound by a strong passion for their volunteer involvement? The objective of this article will be to explain and understand what volunteering is and its psychological impact with the example of scouting (a specific method of popular education). The prism of Vallerand's dualistic model of passion is used to try to identify the consequences of volunteering in scouting (and volunteering in general) on the perceived health of volunteers. After defining volunteering and scouting, this model is explained and it is shown how its use is an interesting contribution to the understanding of the impact of volunteering on perceived health. In France in 2019, according to Recherches & Solidarités, which publishes an annual barometer of commitment in France, 12.5 million French people will be engaged in a voluntary activity in 2019. That's one in four French people. Popular education is an educational model based on the education for all model of the Age of Enlightenment. At the time, it appeared to be necessary to educate people to fight against obscurantism and the Catholic Church's hold on society. Popular education is an educational method based on “education of the people by the people and for the people” whose objective is the improvement of the social system and individual and collective fulfillment. Scouting is a popular education movement with a specific method and mission. The mission of scouting is to contribute to building a better world by forming committed citizens, aware of the problems of their society and committed to solving them. Its method, the scouting method, is based on small group life, education by action, life in nature, symbolic framework, personal progression, adult support and commitment to its values and in the community. “Passion is that strength that leads a person to get involved in an activity that they love, that defines them and that is important to them. The passion for an engaging activity is composed of two dimensions: the harmonious passion that is globally positive for the health, perceived health and well-being of individuals and, conversely, the obsessive passion that is globally deleterious for the health, perceived health and well-being of individuals. With this article, a model has been designed that integrates the dualistic model of passion into the specificities of volunteering in scouting in order to detach potential explanations of the positive and negative impacts on individuals. An explanation of the disengagement of certain volunteers and hypotheses about a change in the type of passion were developed. With regard to the number of volunteers in scouting (and in popular education), it is important that this data be taken into account as a protective or aggravating factor in their health and well-being. These are real public health issues. It is a question of creating the conditions for the development and maintenance of a harmonious passion among volunteers in order to retain them and ensure that their commitment is conducive to their development.     

Dante's inferno: phenomenology of a strange passion

Dante's Inferno presents us with a spiritual adventure where the experience of wrath plays a crucial role. The infernal pilgrim's 'passage through wrath' is their only access to the lower part of Hell. Wrath - and the place where it is punished as a vice - occupy a very central position in the moral topography of Dante's Inferno: the Stygian Marsh, which defends the heart of Hell, its stronghold, and makes it inaccessible. Wrathfulness is situated at the borderline between 'carnal' and 'spiritual' sins, higher and lower Hell, weakness and wickedness of the will. What is the meaning of this situation? How is the sin of wrathfulness related to wrath as an expression of just indignation? How can the same passion have an angelical and an infernal face? What is anger's relation to reason? Does the trial gone through by the two pilgrims teach us something on the nature of this passion? Here are some questions which this paper tries to answer, thereby outlining a phenomenological theory of those passions which might be called 'dynamic'.     

Measuring passionate love in intimate relationships

Theorists such as Farber argue that in adolescence passionate love first appears in all its intensity. Both adolescence and passion are "intense, overwhelming, passionate, consuming, exciting, and confusing". As yet, however, clinicians have been given little guidance as to how to deal with adolescents caught up in their passionate feelings. Nor has there been much research into the nature of passionate love. In Section I of this paper, we define passionate love, explain the necessity of developing a scale to measure this concept, and review evidence as to the nature of passionate love. In Section 2, we report a series of studies conducted in developing the Passionate Love Scale (the PLS). We present evidence as to the PLS's reliability, validity, and relationship to other factors involved in close relationships. We end by describing how we have used this scale in family therapy to open conversations about the nature of passionate love/companionate love/and intimacy... and discussing profitable directions for subsequent research.     

Network to support patients with ALS in the Hyogo prefecture]

The author reports network to support patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Hyogo prefecture. Three types of network are working, which are the network in the multidisciplinary team in the hospital, the medico-welfare network in the area and the network intra-hospitals in the prefecture. We have to establish effective network with a passion, a mission and an action.     

Erotomanic delusions in a male with a mental handicap

ABSTRACT. A case report of a male mentally handicapped patient who developed delusions of passion is described. The relationship of this case to de Clerambault's syndrome and its pathogenic features are described.     

Leadership: key to creating a caring culture

The subject of leadership is rarely addressed in the health care literature and the field is essentially silent to the need for leadership in long-term care. In this article, leadership is defined as the art of influencing and engaging colleagues to serve collaboratively toward a shared vision. The leadership model includes passion; commitment; vision; service; education; inclusion of staff patients, andfamilies; and self-knowledge.     

Une folle de Dieu : sainte Catherine de Sienne ou la passion du sang du Christ

The issue of “passion” or “passions”, which has been of great interest to philosophers, goes far beyond the definitions and clinical categories of classical psychiatric studies. Among the countless human passions (love, art, politics, science, crime, etc.), the extreme passion for God in Christianity, i.e. that of holiness, has always intrigued psychiatrists owing to the extraordinary nature of its psychological and physical manifestations. Catherine of Siena (1347–1380) was one of the greatest Catholic mystics and her extraordinary life has given rise to various hagiographical and critical accounts. The author proposes his personal thoughts on this saint with regard to the following themes: her religious vocation so early in life; her holiness recognized by others; her refusal of food (severe anorexia nervosa); her passion for the blood of men and Christ; her mystical eroticism; her states of anguish and ecstasy; her complex private and social personality; the expressions of her holiness and her boundless love for God, and how they are related to mental disorders. The author concludes that he is unable to form a definitive opinion about the nature and cause of the extraordinary mystic phenomena that inhabited Catherine of Siena.