人类细小病毒B19感染与小儿风湿性疾病关系的探讨

目的研究人类细小病毒B19感染与小儿常见风湿性疾病的关系.方法用巢式PCR法对95例小儿常见风湿性疾病患者进行B19-DNA检测,对部分患者进行B19-IgM检测.结果 (1)病例组B19-DNA阳性33例(34.7%),健康对照组B19-DNA阳性2例(4.0%);病例组B19-DNA阳性率与对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)病例组B19-IgM检测50例,阳性11例(22.0%),健康对照组B19-IgM均为阴性;B19-IgM阳性率与对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.01).(3)过敏性紫癜、幼年类风湿性关节炎、皮肌炎、系统性红斑狼疮、川崎病患儿B19-DNA及IgM阳性率分别为25%和20%、37.2%和20%、40%和20%、42.9%和28.6%、37.5%和25.0%.五种风湿性疾病B19-DNA及IgM阳性率无显著差异(P＞0.05).(4)50例成对标本中,10例B19-DNA、IgM均阳性,1例仅B19-IgM阳性,7例仅B19-DNA阳性,B19-DNA和IgM 同时阴性32例,B19-DNA和IgM一致率为84.0%,两者结果有一致性 (P＜0.01);50例中B19-DNA阳性17例(34.0%),IgM阳性11例 (22.0%),两者差异无显著意义(P＞0.05).结论 (1)我国风湿性疾病患儿有较高的B19感染率.(2) B19与小儿风湿性疾病密切相关,可能是导致这些疾病的主要病原体之一.     

儿童自身免疫性疾病人细小病毒B19感染及其临床特征

目的探讨儿童自身免疫性疾病(AD)人细小病毒B19(B19)的感染情况及其临床特征。方法采用巢式聚合酶链反应(nPCR)技术检测133例AD患儿血清(BS)或骨髓(BM)标本B19-DNA。另设35例健康儿童为对照组。结果AD患儿B19-DNA总阳性率为29.3%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。62例过敏性紫癜(AP)患儿BS标本B19-DNA阳性率20.9%,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。30例幼年特发性关节炎(JRA)B19-DNA阳性率40.0%(12/30例),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);全身型、多关节型和少关节型B19-DNA阳性率依次为44.4%、36.4%和40.4%,两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论AD可能与B19感染有关,感染的临床表现多种多样;B19感染相关性AP临床表现多样,症状重,关节症状更突出;B19相关性JRA可表现为JRA各型。     

柯萨奇病毒B组感染与小儿过敏性紫癜发病的关系

为探讨柯萨奇病毒B组感染与小儿过敏性紫癜发病的关系,应用ELISA法检测37例过敏性紫癜及40例上感患儿(对照组)血清中柯萨奇病毒B组特异性抗体(CBV-IgM)。结果:过敏性紫癜组血清CBV-IgM阳性17例(45.95％),对照组阳性4例(10.00％),两组比较差异有非常显著性,X~2=12.85,P<0.01。37例过敏性紫癜患儿中血清AdV及RSV抗体阳性各2例,CMV抗体均阴性。结果表明,柯萨奇病毒B组感染与小儿过敏性紫癜发病密切相关,可能是过敏性紫癜的病因之一。     

病毒性心肌炎患儿微小病毒B19感染的研究

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿微小病毒B19（HPV B19）感染的状况及其相关性。方法应用巢式聚合酶链反应法对60例病毒性心肌炎患儿（观察组）及30例健康体检儿童（对照组）血浆中微小病毒B19-DNA进行检测,并对观察组中HPV B19-DNA检测阳性与阴性两组中血CK、CK-MB及心功能指标进行比较。结果观察组B19-DNA检测阳性率为26．7％（16／60例）,对照组B19-DNA检测均为阴性,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。观察组中HPV B19-DNA检测阳性与阴性的两组中血CK、CK—MB值差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。心功能指标LVSF比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,SV比较差异亦有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论小儿病毒性心肌炎与HPV B19感染有关,HPV B19可能是小儿病毒性心肌炎主要病原之一;HPV B19感染所致小儿病毒性心肌炎的心功能改变中左室功能受累程度较重。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿血清微小病毒B_(19)检测及意义

目的探讨人微小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染与儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)发病的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对46例ITP患儿利30例健康儿童的血清标本进行HPVB19-IgM、IgG及血小板相关抗体检测。结果46例ITP患儿血清中HPVB19抗体总刚性率43.48%(20/46),30例健康儿童HPVB19-IgM、IgG均为阴性,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);ITP组中急性型与慢性型之间HPVB19抗体总阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病毒感染刚性患儿的血小板相关抗体明显高于病毒感染阴性患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论ITP患儿血清中HPVB19抗体总刚性率高,尤其是急性型;HPVB19感染后可导致血小板相关抗体升高而致血小板减少。     

人类细小病毒B19感染致特发性血小板减少性紫癜的发病机制

目的探讨人类细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染对骨髓巨核祖细胞的影响。方法运用酶联免疫吸附试验检测HPVB19-IgM、PCR检测HPVB19VP独特区DNA。筛选出并HPVB19感染特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患儿。骨髓行巨核祖细胞体外培养,集落细胞计数。结果外周血HPVB19-DNA阳性及血清HPVB19IgM阳性ITP 31例患儿中,巨核祖细胞集落细胞形成减低,与正常对照组及非HPVB19感染组比较,差异有显著性。结论HPVB19可影响巨核祖细胞集落形成。     

人微小病毒B19-DNA定量检测在儿童免疫性血小板减少症中的意义

目的探讨人微小病毒(HPV)B19-DNA定量检测在儿童免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)中的意义。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对126例ITP患儿和40例健康儿童血清标本进行HPVB19-DNA定量检测,同时检测其血小板相关抗体。结果 ITP患儿HPVB19阳性率(DNA载量>103Copies/m L为阳性)为34.9%;健康儿童均为阴性,两组间差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。新诊断ITP B19-DNA平均载量为107.55±2.05Copies/m L,持续性ITP为106.01±1.98Copies/m L,慢性ITP为104.72±1.07Copies/m L,三组间差异有极显著性(P<0.01);在ITP组中,HPVB19阳性的患儿血小板相关抗体PAIg G、PAIg A均显著高于HPVB19阴性ITP患儿,且B19DNA阳性组中DNA高载量的组别(≥107Copies/m L)血小板相关抗体显著高于DNA低载量的组别(103~107Copies/m L)。结论本组研究提示,HPVB19感染可能是导致小儿ITP的重要因素之一,且急性型和持续性ITP病毒DNA载量较高。血小板相关抗体浓度和HPVB19的DNA载量呈正相关。     

人类细小病毒B19感染与新生儿高间接胆红素血症

目的探讨人类细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染与新生儿高间接胆红素血症(新生儿高胆)发生的关系.方法对136例新生儿高胆及123例正常新生儿用聚合酶链反应技术进行血液HPVB19-DNA的检测.结果 136例新生儿高胆的患儿HPVB19-DNA阳性者48例,阳性率35.3%,123例正常新生儿HPVB19-DNA阳性者12例,阳性率9.8%,两组之间阳性率比较有非常显著性差异(χ\+2=23.7,P＜0.005).结论新生儿高胆的发生与HPVB19感染有关.     

婴幼儿难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜45例

目的 探讨婴幼儿难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的治疗方法.方法 检测所有血小板减少的住院婴幼儿的血小板相关抗体和血清细小病毒B19抗体;并将45例难治性ITP患儿随机分为治疗组与对照组.治疗组在应用激素的基础上使用干扰素和小剂量丙种球蛋白,对照组则在应用激素的基础上使用常规剂量丙种球蛋白.结果 细小病毒B19抗体检出率在难治性ITP婴幼儿中明显增高;应用干扰素和小剂量丙种球蛋白的治疗组在激素使用时间、显效率、复发率等方面优于应用常规剂量的对照组,而血小板上升时间比较差异无统计学意义.结论 婴幼儿难治性ITP的病因与细小病毒B19感染相关;干扰素与小剂量丙种球蛋白联合应用治疗ITP优于常规剂量的丙种球蛋白.     

人类细小病毒B19感染与小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的 探讨人类细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染与小儿急性特发性血小板减小性紫癜(ITP)发生的关系。方法对23例小儿急性ITP及17例对照组小儿用聚合酶链反应技术进行HPVB19一DNA的检测。结果 23例急性ITP患儿HPVB19一DNA阳性者7例,阳性率30.4％,17例对照组小儿HPVB19-DNA检测均阴性,两组间阳性率比较有非常显著性差异(x2=4.096,P<0.05)。结论小儿急性ITP的发生与HPVB19感染有关。     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.