眼眶炎性假瘤的CT、MRI征象对比分析

目的:探讨眼眶炎性假瘤的CT、MR特征.方法:回顾性分析47例经手术病理证实或临床随访证实的眼眶炎性假瘤CT、MR表现.结果:MRI诊断符合率92.3%,CT诊断符合率75.9%.其中肿块型7例,位于肌锥内,包绕视神经,但视神经清晰可见;泪腺型11例,为泪腺区软组织肿块,11例泪腺型中合并眼外肌肥大8例,合并巩膜周围炎5例;肌炎型21例,累及眼外肌与眶壁,眼外肌肥厚;弥漫型8例,呈广泛性充填球后部分,密度、信号不均,边界不清.结论:眼眶炎性假瘤CT、MRI表现有一定特点,CT、MRI检查可明确病变部位、范围、分型,并对眼眶炎性假瘤诊断有重要价值,而且MRI的定性诊断能力是肯定的.     

眶内炎性假瘤MRI分析

目的：探讨眶内炎性假瘤的MRI影像特征及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析48例眶内炎性假瘤的MRI平扫及其增强扫描的影像学特征,均为手术病理或随访结果证实。结果48例炎性假瘤根据影像学表现分为四型：①肿块型,表现为边界清楚的软组织肿块,位于肌锥内;②弥漫炎症型,眶内被病灶填充,边界模糊,眼直肌与病灶分界不清,视神经被包绕,压脂增强扫描T1 WI显示视神经不强化;③泪腺炎型,表现为泪腺增大,T1 WI信号稍低、T2 WI呈中等信号,压脂序列呈稍高信号;④肌炎型,眼外肌不同程度增粗,主要累及上直肌和内直肌。结论 MRI能清楚显示眶内炎性假瘤的信号特征、大小、形态与邻近结构的关系,因此对眶内炎性假瘤能够做出定位、定性诊断。     

眼眶原发性淋巴瘤的MRI影像分析

目的 探讨眼眶原发性淋巴瘤的磁共振成像（MRI）表现,提高该病的影像诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年4月于本院经手术后病理及免疫组织化学染色证实的23例眼眶原发性淋巴瘤患者的临床资料。全部患者均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,分析其MRI影像学特征（主要包括病变部位、病变形态、侵犯部位、MRI信号及其与邻近结构的关系）。结果 23例眼眶原发性淋巴瘤患者中,病变部位单侧占比高于双侧占比（P<0.05）;病灶形态为局限性或弥漫性;侵犯部位为肌锥外间隙和跨肌锥内外占比高于肌锥内间隙占比（P<0.05）。所有患者MRI平扫T1加权成像（T1WI）均同眼外肌信号一致呈等信号,T2加权成像（T2WI）及短T1反转恢复（STIR）序列以稍高于眼外肌信号为主,少数与眼外肌信号相同（P<0.05）;增强MRI成像以轻度均匀强化和轻、中度欠均匀强化为主,极少数呈与眼外肌信号一致的中度均匀强化（P<0.05）。病变累及眶隔前部占比高于未累及眶隔前部占比,累及眼外肌包绕、分界不清占比高于未侵犯、受压占比,累及视神经未受包绕占比高于受包绕占比,累及眼球未受包绕占比高于受包绕占...     

颅眶沟通性肿瘤的MRI诊断(附18例报告)

目的探讨颅眶沟通性肿瘤的MRI表现特征与诊断依据.方法经手术病理证实的颅眶沟通性肿瘤18例,行MRI横轴位、矢状位、冠状位与增强扫描.结果脑膜瘤10例,T1WI等信号或略低信号,T2WI等信号或略低信号,肿块明显均匀强化,常合并蝶骨增生.视神经鞘脑膜瘤3例,视神经不规则管状或梭形增粗,T1WI等信号,T2WI为等或略低信号,增强后呈"双轨征".视神经胶质瘤1例,眶内见纺锤形肿块,T1WI等信号,T2WI高信号,肿块明显强化呈"哑铃征".炎性假瘤3例,T1WI低信号,T2WI低信号,肿块明显强化,眼外肌及眼睑常明显强化.黄色肉芽肿1例, T1WI等信号,T2WI低信号,眼外肌明显增粗,小脑幕对称性等T1短T2信号,病灶明显均匀强化.结论 MRI在诊断颅眶沟通性肿瘤具有明显的优势,可以提高颅眶沟通性肿瘤的诊断水平,为临床治疗提供可靠依据.     

眼眶炎性假瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:本文探究CT应用在眼眶炎性假瘤患者中所取得的诊断效果,对CT应用在眼眶炎性假瘤患者的诊断价值展开评价。方法:本次于2017年10月-2018年10月选取25例眼眶炎性假瘤患者纳入研究之内,患者均接受CT检查,回顾性患者的临床资料和诊断结果。结果:在本次的检查之中,患者眼球均突出。肌炎型共10例(40.0%),眼外肌受累增粗且肌腱肥大,边缘毛糙,起肌腱止点处出现增粗,其中共3例患者外直肌增粗,内直肌增粗共6例,4例为上直肌增粗,7例为外直肌肉增粗,伴神经增粗共1例,2例患者伴眼球壁增厚;肿块型共3例(12.0%),患者眶内软组织肿块;弥漫型共2例(8.0%),充满眶内球后脂肪间隙密度出现增高,肌锥内脂肪间隙呈现不规则的条片高密度影,软组织且结构分解不清;混合型共9例(36.0%),眼外肌增粗并且合并周围脂肪密度增高,肿块合并眼外肌增粗,肿大泪腺合并相邻外直肌增粗,伴视神经增粗共3例,伴眼球壁增厚共2例;泪腺型共1例(4.0%),泪腺增大呈现处肿块,其中1例为不规则形,2例为蚕豆型。有9例患者出现了眼环增厚、神经增粗、病变出现不同程度的强化,并且伴有鼻窦炎。结论:眼眶炎性假瘤患者应用CT检查,可取得良好的诊断效果。CT检查在临床中较高的准确率,可对患者的眼眶炎性假瘤分型状况进行更为全面、准确的评价,有利于医师根据分型制定治疗方案,有利于改善患者的预后,值得推广。     

眶部肌锥外问隙病变的CT表现

目的探讨眶部肌锥外间隙疾病的cT影像表现及诊断价值。方法对诊断明确的34例累及眶部肌锥外间隙病变的影像学资料进行回顾性分析。均行CT平扫检查,29例行增强扫描,18例行冠状位扫描或重建。结果海绵状血管瘤8例,CT示类圆形、均匀软组织影,增强后呈明显、持续性强化。淋巴瘤8例,表现为不规则等密度软组织影,呈轻中度均匀强化。神经鞘膜瘤3例,表现为密度不均肿块,增强后不均匀强化,2例内见囊变影。（表）皮样囊肿7例,其内可测得负CT值区,囊壁轻度强化。炎性假瘤5例,CT示眼外肌肌腹、肌腱同时增粗,泪腺肿大等。蜂窝织炎2例,CT表现为条形、片状软组织影,呈宽基底。转移瘤1例,表现为圆形、边界不清的病灶,邻近骨质破坏。结论CT检查对眼眶肌锥外间隙病变具有重要的价值,对大多数病变可作出明确诊断。     

眼眶炎性假瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的探讨CT检查对眼眶炎性假瘤的诊断价值,为提高临床影像诊断和鉴别诊断提供依据。方法对36例眼眶炎性假瘤患者的CT检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组眼眶炎性假瘤患者CT检查主要表现：（1）均出现眼球突出;（2）按影像表现分为5种类型：肿块型（11．1％）、弥漫型（8．3％）、肌炎型（38．9％）、泪腺型（8．3％）、混合型（33．3％）;（3）36．1％的患者出现视神经增粗、眼环增厚、病变不同程度强化,伴发鼻窦炎等。结论CT检查对眼眶炎性假瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要作用。     

眼眶海绵状血管瘤MRI诊断价值

目的:总结MRI检查对眼眶海绵状血管瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例眼眶海绵状血管瘤患者的临床及MRI资料。结果:病变均位于球后肌锥内,2例分别侵犯眶尖及海绵窦;病变呈圆形15例,椭圆形11例,分叶状3例,不规则形1例;T1WI呈均匀等眼肌低信号27例,不规则混杂高信号3例;T2WI均呈高信号,可见低信号包膜,边界清楚,视神经、眼外肌、眼球受压移位;21例增强扫描显示肿瘤均呈"渐进性强化"。结论:MRI不仅可精确定位病变及显示病变与周围组织关系,通过其信号特征还可反映病变内部病理改变,对眼眶海绵状血管癌定位、定性诊断及临床制定手术方案均具有重要的应用价值。     

眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现及文献复习(附7例报告)

目的:研究眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断能力。方法:7例经病理证实的眼眶原发淋巴瘤患者均经CT平扫增强和延迟扫描,其中3例行MRI平扫加增强扫描。回顾性分析CT及MR的影像学表现。结果:双侧眼眶原发淋巴瘤2例,分别位于双侧结膜和泪腺。单侧眼眶淋巴瘤5例。1例位于泪道;另4例跨越眶隔前后部呈不规则铸型累及泪腺及泪道,其中3例浸润肌锥内外间隙。所有病例均未见眼外肌推压移位、眼环增厚与变形。2例可见眶骨明显骨质破坏。所有病变CT平扫呈软组织肿块,密度类似于眼外肌,边缘清晰,增强后,4例呈中度强化,3例呈轻度强化,延迟期中度强化4例密度下降,轻度强化3例无明显变化。MRI上3例肿块在T1WI和T2WI上与眼外肌信号相比,呈等信号,增强后2例病变信号强度高于眼外肌。所有病变在CT、MRI上均呈匀质性。结论:眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够高度提示该病的诊断。     

眼眶原发性淋巴瘤31例CT、MRI表现分析

目的：研究眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断能力。方法：对31例（36眶）病理诊断为眼眶原发性淋巴瘤患者均行CT检查,并有20例（22眶）行CT增强扫描,14例（16眶）行MRI检查,4例（5眶）行MRI增强扫描（T1WI、脂肪抑制）,观察肿瘤的位置、形态、边界、CT密度、MRI信号表现、以及MRI信号表现与CT密度的关系。结果：29例（34眶）呈均匀、近均匀软组织密度,均匀或近均匀信号表现;2例（2眶）不均匀软组织密度,MRI检查均为以长T1、短T2为主的不均匀信号表现。结论：原发性眼眶淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,有较高的诊断价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.