Emphysematous cystitis

An elderly woman with poorly controlled diabetes entered the casualty department suffering from abdominal pain. Clinical and radiological examinations revealed intramural and intraluminal gas in the urinary bladder, suggesting the diagnosis as emphysematous cystitis, a rare disorder usually caused by aerobic and not anaerobic microbes. The causal agent is often, as in this case, Escherichia coli.     

Emphysematous cystitis.

Case A 39-year-old homeless man presented with weight loss, urinaryfrequency and urinary incontinence. On examination he had apalpable bladder and extensive peripheral neuropathy. Initialblood glucose level was 43.5 mmol/l, serum creatinine was 107µmol/l and Hb_A1c was 16.2%. He     

Emphysematous cystitis following brain contusion

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disorder most commonly seen in patients with urinary tract infection and diabetes mellitus. We present a nondiabetic case of a 46-year-old woman with this entity following brain contusion.     

Cavitary lung cancer presenting as subcutaneous emphysema on the contralateral side

Bronchocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare complication of lung cancer and is frequently seen following biopsy or radiotherapy. A 67-year old male patient was administered to our hospital due to sudden onset of shortness of breath and subcutaneous emphysema on the right side. Chest computed tomography revealed a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe in connection with the subcutaneous emphysema on the right side through sternum and anterior chest wall. The pathological examination of the biopsy performed during tube insertion revealed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The patient was referred for adjuvant therapy to local oncology hospital. He passed away 9 months following diagnosis.     

Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema

A puzzling case of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema treated successfully by hyperbaric oxygen therapy is reported. In cases of subcutaneous emphysema not of gas gangrene or factitious etiology, hyperbaric oxygen therapy must be considered the treatment of choice.     

Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema

The mechanism, symptoms and treatment of subcutaneous emphysema have been reviewed, an interesting case reported, and a method of treatment suggested, which may be of some value in the management of these cases.I am indebted to Dr. Roy H. Van Ness, attending surgeon on A Surgical Division, for the opportunity of reporting this case.     

Nonclostridial cellulitis with subcutaneous emphysema.

Nonclostridial cellulitis with concomitant gas formation in the plantar tissues of the foot is seldomly reported in the literature. The event itself, however, may actually be relatively common. A review of the literature and a case study involving a diabetic patient is presented, along with a review of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.     

Emphysematous cystitis: a review of 135 cases

OBJECTIVE: To review recently published data on emphysematous cystitis (EC), a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by air within the bladder wall, and that most typically affects middle-aged diabetic women. METHODS: All articles published in English between 1956 and 2006 were identified using a Medline search for keywords "emphysematous cystitis", and "cystitis emphysematosa." Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, pathological and therapeutic data were evaluated, including risk factors such as the presence of diabetes mellitus or other comorbid emphysematous infections of the urinary tract. RESULTS: In all, 102 published papers, including 135 cases of EC, were reviewed; the median patient age was 66 years, 64% were women and 67% had diabetes mellitus. Most cases were diagnosed using plain films of the abdomen (84%), although more recently, computed tomography was the primary imaging method. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism. Most patients were treated with medical management alone (90%), while 10% of infections were treated with a combination of medicine and surgery. The overall death rate was 7%. CONCLUSIONS: EC is the most common and typically the least severe gas-forming infection of the urinary tract. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is warranted to prevent the potential morbidity and mortality of this infectious condition.     

Emphysematous cystitis: report of a case.

Emphysematous cystitis is characterized by gas collection within the bladder wall and lumen. A case of emphysematous cystitis in a 74-year-old diabetic male is reported. Radiogram demonstrated an enlarged bladder with intraluminal gas.     

Emphysematous prostatitis and cystitis secondary to Candida albicans

Emphysematous cystitis is characterized by gas collection within the bladder wall and lumen. Often it is the result of aerobic urinary tract infections but it may be caused by gastrointestinal fistulas or iatrogenic surgical and diagnostic instrumentation. We report a case of emphysematous cystitis owing to Candida albicans with the incidental finding of emphysematous changes within the prostate gland.     

Emphysematous cystitis complication in a patient undergoing hemodialysis

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare condition characterized by air formation in and around the bladder wall by gas-forming organisms. Although diabetes mellitus and chronic urinary infection, which are frequently encountered in patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD), are predisposing factors for this entity, emphysematous cystitis is actually not common in ESRD patients. Here we provide the first report of a hemodialysis patient who developed typical emphysematous cystitis. Unlike other cases, the emphysematous cystitis recurred after discontinuation of urinary drainage and antibiotic therapy. The possible reason that this case is of a less common type that is more refractory than the other cases, and the method by which patients with ESRD are commonly treated, are discussed. Not anuric but rather oliguric diabetic patients, even after long-term hemodialysis, are the patients at risk for emphysematous cystitis.     

Emphysematous cystitis. Apropos of a case]

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare complication of lower urinary tract infection, occurring almost exclusively in diabetic women. The prognosis, usually good, depends on early diagnosis and prompt treatment which consists of urinary drainage, antibiotic therapy and strict blood glucose control. The authors report a case of emphysematous cystitis diagnosed on laparotomy for acute abdomen. Death occurred despite treatment.