磁共振扩散加权成像在大肠癌中的诊断应用

磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）是利用水分子扩散运动特性成像的新技术。它对人体的研究深入到细胞水平，反映着人体组织的微观结构和细胞内外水分子的转运等变化。随着MRI技术的发展，DWI在大肠肿瘤的应用逐渐引起人们的关注，就DWI的基本原理及在大肠癌诊断中的应用现状予以综述。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在宫颈癌诊断中的应用

目的评价MR弥散加权成像(DWI)在宫颈癌诊断中应用的价值。方法对30例非宫颈肿瘤女性的子宫颈和50例宫颈癌患者的子宫颈进行常规MRI扫描和横断面DWI(b=600s/mm2),比较正常宫颈和宫颈癌病灶的表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值。结果正常子宫颈DWI表现为粘液,内、中、外带四层结构,其平均ADC值〔(1.71±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s)〕显著高于宫颈癌的ADC值〔(0.97±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s)〕(P<0.01)。结论 ADC值可有效地定量区分宫颈癌与正常宫颈,DWI更容易显示宫颈癌及其周围侵犯和盆腔淋巴结转移。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在大肠癌中的诊断应用

磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)是利用水分子扩散运动特性成像的新技术.它对人体的研究深入到细胞水平,反映着人体组织的微观结构和细胞内外水分子的转运等变化.随着MRI技术的发展,DWI在大肠肿瘤的应用逐渐引起人们的关注,就DWI的基本原理及在大肠癌诊断中的应用现状予以综述.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用进展

磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）反映了水分子的微观扩散运动，是从细胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理生理状态的一种技术，可用于判断功能及定性诊断。DWI主要用于脑缺血的早期诊断，近年来逐渐应用于恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。全身DWI基于传统DWI技术，结合全身成像技术，可一次完成全身检查，全面检出原发灶及分布全身的远处转移灶，有助于恶性肿瘤的分期及治疗方案的制定，逐渐成为一种恶性肿瘤全身转移灶筛查的有力工具。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用进展

磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)反映了水分子的微观扩散运动,是从细胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理生理状态的一种技术,可用于判断功能及定性诊断.DWI主要用于脑缺血的早期诊断.近年来逐渐应用于恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断.全身DWI基于传统DWI技术,结合全身成像技术,可一次完成全身检查,全面检出原发灶及分布全身的远处转移灶,有助于恶性肿瘤的分期及治疗方案的制定,逐渐成为一种恶性肿瘤全身转移灶筛查的有力工具.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(MRI-DWI)在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取经临床初诊为肛瘘的患者90例,术前均行常规MRI及轴位MRI-DWI检查,观察其影像学特点,以手术病理结果为准,分析常规MRI及MRI-DWI检查结果,依据肛瘘Parks法分类判断其准确率,比较活动期与缓解期的MRI-DWI参数,绘制受试者...     

磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺病变诊断中的应用

目的：探讨单纯磁共振扩散加权成像对诊断乳腺病变的临床应用价值。方法：对临床拟诊为乳腺肿块的37例患者行磁共振扩散加权成像检查,并获得病理证实,其中良性病灶18个,恶性病灶19个。描记扩散图像上病变的兴趣区,由软件计算获得表观扩散系数（ADC）值。对获取数据进行统计分析,采用t检验对良性和恶性病变的ADC值进行比较。结果：12例良性病变在DWI上呈等信号或高信号,但ADC值升高或下降不明显,6例良性病变DWI上呈高信号,ADC值明显下降;19例恶性肿瘤DWI上呈高信号,ADC值明显下降。良性病变组ADC值为（1.474±0.441）×10^-3mm^2/s,恶性病变组ADC值为（1.082±0.160）×10^-3mm^2/s,两者间差异有显著性意义（P=0.002）。结论：MR扩散加权成像ADC值测量在乳腺病变定性诊断中有一定的辅助诊断价值。     

双b值扩散加权成像在脑梗死诊断中的应用

目的:比较双b值DWI对脑梗死体积及ADC值测量的影响,探讨较高b值DWI在脑梗死诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性研究30例脑梗死患者,年龄44～84岁,平均67岁,发病时间3～6d,DWI取b值1000和2000s/mm2,分析脑梗死DWI及ADC图,测量兴趣区与对侧正常部位的扩散系数(ADC)并计算相对扩散系数(rADC),测量并计算梗死灶体积。结果:急性和亚急性脑梗死灶均扩散受限,DWI呈高信号、ADC图呈低信号。与b值1000s/mm2相比,b值2000s/mm2DWI示脑灰白质对比度增加,病灶显示更清晰,还能发现新病灶。不同b值下rADC比较没有统计学意义(P=0.884,P>0.05),同侧ADC有统计学意义(P=0.005,P<0.05);对侧ADC有显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。较高b值下梗死体积较低b值增加,且有统计学意义(P=0.04,P<0.05)。结论:DWI是检测脑梗死的重要技术手段,rADC不受b值影响,rADC降低可指导脑梗死诊断;较高b值DWI上脑梗死灶体积测量更准确,有利于观察病灶演变和指导临床治疗。     

扩散加权成像在胰腺癌诊断中的价值初探

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在胰腺癌诊断中的价值。资料与方法健康自愿者20名,经手术病理和随访证实的胰腺癌患者21例、慢性胰腺炎患者12例,分别行常规MRI和DWI检查。应用自旋回波-回波平面成像(SE-EPI)并采用采集空间敏感性编码技术(ASSET),取b=0和600s/mm2获得DWI图像。分别测量感兴趣区(ROI)的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,行配对t检验。结果健康自愿者胰腺DWI呈中等信号,胰头、胰体尾部ADC值分别为(1.535±0.247)×10-3mm2/s、(1.643±0.375)×10-3mm2/s。21例胰腺癌肿瘤区DWI呈均匀或稍不均匀高信号,ADC值为(1.192±0.117)×10-3mm2/s。健康自愿者胰头与胰体尾部ADC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),胰头及胰颈部肿瘤患者胰体尾部ADC值与健康自愿者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),胰腺肿瘤ADC值与胰头及体尾部之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。慢性胰腺炎DWI呈不均匀等或稍高信号,ADC值为(1.437±0.385)×10-3mm2/s,与胰腺癌间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论DWI可以清楚显示肿瘤病灶及范围,ADC值的测定在一定程度上有助于胰腺癌的诊断。     

扩散加权成像在卵巢肿瘤中的应用

扩散加权成像(DWI)是目前唯一能够检测生物组织内水分子扩散运动的无创方法 ,该种扩散运动可以通过表观扩散系数(ADC)来量化分析。扩散峰度成像(DKI)、体素内不相干运动(IVIM)成像、背景抑制扩散加权全身成像(DWIBS)等DWI新技术用于卵巢肿瘤的评估提高了卵巢肿瘤影像诊断的准确性。综述DWI及其新技术在卵巢肿瘤定性诊断、分期、疗效评估、预后判断中的作用及其潜在缺陷。     

Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Objectives  

To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.     

联合SWI与DWI在急性脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值

目的：评价联合磁敏感成像（SWI）与扩散加权成像（DWI）在急性期脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的应用价值。方法：32例脑弥漫性轴索损伤急性期患者,所有患者行常规MRI序列、DWI及SWI序列全脑扫描。结果：共检出病灶313个,T1WI 78个,T2WI 207个,FLAIR 292个,DWI 286个,SWI 297个。SWI显示245个病灶内分布斑片状、点状出血灶,其它序列共显示43个内分布出血灶。SWI、DWI病灶检出率高于常规T2WI（χ2=82.465,χ2=59.584;P〈0.01）,SWI、FLAIR及DWI病灶检出率无明显差异（χ2=3.052;P〉0.05）。结论：联合SWI与DWI有利于提高急性脑弥漫性轴索损伤的检出率,有助于准确评价病变的严重程度,SWI与DWI应作为急性脑弥漫性轴索损伤的常规扫描序列组合。     

Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of liver fibrosis

Objectives  

To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion- weighted MRI (DWI) in the detection and staging of liver fibrosis and inflammation.     

Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma

BackgroundThe purposes of our study were to investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of malignant bladder tumors, with comparison to the high-resolution thin-section fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted MRI, and also to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the bladder tumors with the surrounding structures.Material and MethodsFifty-three consecutive patients consisting of 44 males and 9 females who presented with a bladder mass were prospectively enrolled in this study. Mean age was 62.53±12.03 (age range, 33–86 years). These patients were evaluated by high-resolution thin-section FSE T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for the detection of bladder masses. Following MRI, within 2 weeks, all patients were subjected to either surgery or cystoscopic biopsy, and the obtained histopathological proofs were used as the reference standard. Furthermore, ADC values of the bladder tumors, urine, the normal bladder wall, the central and peripheral zones of the prostate, the seminal vesicule, and the uterus outer myometrium were also calculated. ADC values of the bladder carcinomas and the related surrounding structures were compared as to whether a statistically significant difference was present or not.ResultsIn a total of 47 patients, consisting of 39 males and 8 females, bladder carcinomas were clearly shown as having conspicuous high and intermediate signal intensity masses, relative to the surrounding structures on diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted images, respectively. An 89% sensitivity and a 100% positive predictive value were obtained for both FSE T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. Mean ADC values and standard deviations of the bladder tumors and the surrounding structures were as follows: bladder carcinomas (n= 47): 1.28±0.31, normal bladder wall (n= 47): 1.98±0.41, urine (n= 47): 3.12±0.24, seminal vesicle (n= 39): 1.82±0.33, peripheral zone of prostate (n= 39): 1.80±0.29, central zone of prostate (n= 39): 1.55±0.33, and uterus outer myometrium (n= 8): 1.53±0.19. It can be clearly seen that the mean ADC values of the bladder carcinomas were significantly lower than the surrounding structures (P< .05).Conclus?onHigh-resolution thin-section FSE T2 and diffusion-weighted MRI show high diagnostic performance and are comparable in the detection of bladder tumors. Diffusion-weighted MRI provides high quality images of the malignant bladder tumors against a suppressed background signal. Diffusion-weighted MRI using ADC measurements may be useful in the evaluation of tumor invasion to the adjacent organs.     

MR扩散加权成像对急性脑梗死的诊断价值

目的 :评价磁共振扩散加权成像 (MRDWI)及ADC图对急性脑梗死的诊断价值。方法 :对 18例疑有急性脑梗死患者行MRDWI检查并分析其ADC图 ,并与CT及常规MRI进行比较。结果 :常规MRI、DWI及ADC图显示所有 18例脑梗死患者的 42个急性梗死病灶 ,而常规MRI只显示了其中 19个病灶。 18例患者中有 3例于MRI检查前行CT扫描 ,仅1例提示急性脑梗死 ,且为大脑中动脉供血区大面积脑梗死。结论 :MRDWI对于急性脑梗死的诊断明显优于CT及常规MRI,并且能够鉴别急性、亚急性和慢性脑梗死     

Radiological diagnosis of acute stroke. Comparison of conventional MR imaging, echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, and spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging.

PURPOSE: To compare conventional MR imaging, echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (EP-DWI) and spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging (SE)-DWI at radiological diagnosis of acute stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients (30-85 years old) were examined. Clinical examination was performed before MR imaging. All MR examinations were assessed by an experienced neuroradiologist blinded to clinical findings. RESULTS: In EP-DWI, every patient had a lesion corresponding to the clinical findings. EP-DWI was used as the gold standard. In conventional PD+T2 imaging, 23/59 focal lesions were interpreted as acute, which was false in 11 lesions, and 36/59 lesions were considered to be old, 6 were in fact acute. Nine acute lesions were only detected retrospectively and 12 acute lesions were not detected at all on PD+T2. SE-DWI including the apparent diffusion coefficient correlated fairly well with EP-DWI but the procedure was impractical. CONCLUSION: EP-DWI is reliable for diagnosis of early ischemic stroke, while SE-DWI performs reasonably well. Conventional PD+T2 imaging is not reliable for diagnosis of early ischemia.     

影像学在典型及非典型急性阑尾炎诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨影像学检查技术在诊断典型及非典型急性阑尾炎过程中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的典型和非典型急性阑尾炎患者各20例的术前影像学检查的影像学表现。结果20例典型急性单纯性阑尾炎患者中,超声检查共诊断出17例,CT检查共诊断出18例;20例非典型急性化脓性阑尾炎患者中,超声检查共确诊14例,CT检查共确诊16例。结论对于临床症状不典型的急性阑尾炎患者,应及时准确地选择影像学检查技术以尽快诊断及治疗,而对于典型急性阑尾炎,不需要过度强调影像学检查确诊,以免延误手术时机,带来并发症。     

超声检查在急性阑尾炎诊断中的临床应用价值

急性阑尾炎的典型临床表现为上腹部或脐周围隐痛,数小时后腹痛转移至右下腹部[1～3]。超声检查是诊断急性阑尾炎主要检查方式[4],本文收集2009年5月～2010年11月来我院治疗58例急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料进行对比分析。     

急性阑尾炎的超声诊断

目的探讨超声在急性阑尾炎诊断中的应用。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的128例急性阑尾炎的超声图象。结果128例中正确诊断117例,诊断符合率为91．4％,误、诊4例,漏诊7例,误、漏诊率8．6％。结论超声应作为急性阑尾炎诊断和鉴别的常规检查。