数字乳腺X线摄影技术的研究进展

随着数字化乳腺X线检查技术的发展,屏/片系统乳腺X线摄影(SFM)技术已逐步被取代,一些技术改进的优势已在致密型乳腺的女性中得到证实。比较数字乳腺体层摄影(DBT)技术、对比增强双能数字乳腺X线摄影(CEDM)技术及常规数字乳腺X线摄影(DM)技术,并综述数字乳腺摄影技术发展中一些新技术的特点,分析其优势、局限性及对病人的潜在影响等,从而预测它们的发展前景。     

普通钼靶乳腺摄影机数字化实现

本文通过对普通钼靶乳腺摄影机的简易改良,使之能够变普通模拟乳腺X摄影实现数字化乳腺摄影,大大提高了钼靶X线摄影机的临床应用价值,同时也提高了钼靶X线摄影质量,满足了诊断要求,提高了诊断水平,同时也给患者降低了检查费用,和缩短了检查时间.     

如何提X线照片质高乳腺量的体会

X线乳腺摄影是诊断乳腺疾病较为敏感的检测手段，也是目前首选的检查方法，乳腺X线诊断的质量，是基于技术质量所提供的优质影像为依据的。在常规的乳腺X线检查中，一份优质的乳腺X线片，是作出正确X线诊断的先决条件。但在常规乳腺X线摄影中，影响X线照片质量的因素很多，如X线胶片质量、X线机及附属设备的性能、技术操作、显定影液及暗室处理等。须知道，准确的乳腺X线诊断，必须有高质量的照片，没有高质量的乳腺X线照片，就没有高标准的乳腺x线诊断。一张优质的乳腺X线照片，     

全野数字乳腺摄影系统在乳腺检查中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨全野数字乳腺摄影系统在乳腺检查中的应用价值。方法:收集我院进行乳腺检查患者321例进行研究评价,其中,CR乳腺摄影148例,全野数字乳腺摄影173例,分析评价检查时间、图像质量、诊断阳性率,乳腺癌的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性。结果:CR乳腺摄影平均检查时间13.6min/人,甲级片率91%、诊断阳性率83.1%,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为86.8%、89.4%、88.6%。全野数字乳腺摄影系统平均检查时间5.7min/人,甲级片率97%,诊断阳性率92.5%,其诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为91.8%、93.7%、93.1%。结论:全野数字乳腺摄影成像技术优于CR钼靶成像技术,且曝光剂量大大减少,提高了图像质量和乳腺疾病的诊断阳性率,减少了检查时间,乳腺癌的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性都有提高。     

乳腺钼靶摄影的两种常规体位

由于近年来乳腺摄影技术和设备的不断改进，使乳腺X线图像具有良好对比度和清晰度，其诊断乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的正确率达85％-90％。乳腺X线钼靶摄影已成为目前诊断乳腺疾病和健康人群乳腺疾病普查的首选检查方法。下面是乳腺钼靶摄影常用的两种摄影体位，内外侧斜位（MLO）和头尾位（CC）。     

X线摄影、B超检查对不同乳腺实质类型恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 比较不同乳腺实质类型中,X线摄影、B超检查对恶性病变的诊断价值.方法 以术后病理结果为金标准,收集术前均行X线摄影、B超检查的患者资料,采用x2检验,对2种检查方法的诊断效能进行分析.结果 经手术或穿刺,病理证实的患者94例,共检出病灶100个,乳腺恶性病变57个.(1)乳腺恶性病变X线摄影、B超检查灵敏度92.98％、89.47％,特异度90.70％、79.07％,假阳性率9.30％、20.93％,假阴性率7.02％、10.50％,一致率92.00％、85.00％.(2)不同乳腺实质类型中,X线摄影、B超检查对恶性病变检出率分别为:脂肪型乳腺71.9％、75.0％,少量实质型乳腺68.4％、68.4％,多量实质型乳腺51.6％、45.2％,致密型乳腺27.8％、50.0％.结论 乳腺X线摄影对乳腺恶性病变的总体诊断效能高于B超检查,同时,X线摄影对恶性病变的检出率受乳腺实质类型的影响高于B超检查.     

数字钼靶X线乳腺摄影技术研讨

乳腺检查有较多方法，有超声，红外线等，但钼靶X线乳腺摄影仍是目前诊断乳腺疾病的一种较为精确的重要手段，对于观察乳腺肿瘤，钙化以及血管分布等具有不可替代的重要的诊断价值，为了进一提高钼靶X线摄影技术，我们对钼靶X线乳房摄影技术问题进行研讨。     

乳腺X线摄影对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值分析

目的探讨乳腺X线摄影对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对70例乳腺X线摄影IB-RADS评分4级及以上,经病理证实的病例,进行X线诊断结果与病理结果对照比较。结果良性3例,恶性67例,正确诊断率95.7%。其中肿块及其它征象47例,仅表现微钙化征象23例。结论肿块及微小钙化是乳腺癌最直接、最主要的X线征象,乳腺X线摄影对乳腺组织结构显示清晰,特别是对微小钙化。     

数字化乳腺X线摄影的图像质量分析

目的 探讨影响数字化乳腺X线摄影图像质量的各种因素,以提高乳腺X线摄影技术在影像诊断中的价值.方法 随机抽取2006-10-12间200例经数字化乳腺X线摄影的资料,评价摄影体位、投照技术、机械设备等因素对图像各方面质量的影响.结果 数字化乳腺X线摄影的一级片93.5%(187/200),二级片4.5%(9/200),三级片2%(4/200).在二级片、三级片中,摄影体位不标准4例(2%),压迫不完全2例(1%),异物伪影1例(0.5%),被检查者身体伪影2例(1%),影像板伪影2例(1%),设备校正不良1例(0.5%)以及照片保存不当1例(0.5%).结论 在数字化乳腺X线摄影中,医技人员的投照及操作技术是提高图像质量的关键,被检者和机械设备等是相关因素.     

3.0 TMR联合乳腺X线摄影对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨乳腺 X线摄影、3.0T MR检查及两者联合应用对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法收集乳腺 X线摄影、MR检查的女性患者61例,良性14例,恶性47例。所有病例均经手术病理证实。观察病变时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)、表观扩散系数(ADC)值、磁共振波谱(MRS)有无胆碱(Cho)峰。分析单独运用乳腺X线摄影、MR及2种技术联合应用在乳腺良恶性病变的价值。采用 SPSS 17.0统计软件包进行分析,计数资料进行卡方检验,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果单独使用乳腺 X线摄影及 MR诊断乳腺良恶性疾病的诊断符合率分别是45.9%、62.3%;两者联合运用诊断乳腺良恶性疾病的符合率为80.3%,均高于单独使用某一种检查(χ2=4.08,P<0.05)。结论 MR检查对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值高于乳腺 X线摄影。乳腺 X线摄影联合 MR检查明显提高乳腺良恶性病变术前诊断的准确率,为早期诊断及预后提供理论依据。     

4D blood flow visualization fusing 3D and 4D MRA image sequences

Purpose:

To present and evaluate the feasibility of a novel automatic method for generating 4D blood flow visualizations fusing high spatial resolution 3D and time‐resolved (4D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) datasets.

Materials and Methods:

In a first step, the cerebrovascular system is segmented in the 3D MRA dataset and a surface model is computed. The hemodynamic information is extracted from the 4D MRA dataset and transferred to the surface model using rigid registration where it can be visualized color‐coded or dynamically over time. The presented method was evaluated using software phantoms and 20 clinical datasets from patients with an arteriovenous malformation. Clinical evaluation was performed by comparison of Spetzler–Martin scores determined from the 4D blood flow visualizations and corresponding digital subtraction angiographies.

Results:

The performed software phantom validation showed that the presented method is capable of producing reliable visualization results for vessels with a minimum diameter of 2 mm for which a mean temporal error of 0.27 seconds was achieved. The clinical evaluation based on 20 datasets comparing the 4D visualization to DSA images revealed an excellent interrater reliability.

Conclusion:

The presented method enables an improved combined representation of blood flow and anatomy while reducing the time needed for clinical rating. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:443–453. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

2D、3D重建在颅骨修补术中的应用

目的：探讨2D、3D重建在颅骨修补术前、后颅内情况,术后并发症的观察和计算机个性化设计钛网在临床的应用。方法35例颅骨缺损患者行螺旋C T扫描,数据传至工作站行2D、3D重建,进行钛网修复体的个性化设计并应用于临床,分析颅骨修补术前、后颅内的变化,术后并发症的表现。结果35例患者修复体嵌合满意,钛网固定牢固,行修补术前脑膜弧线正常30例,脑膜凹陷5例,术后代骨板均无移位,硬膜外血肿1例,硬膜下血肿3例,头皮感染2例。结论2D、3D重建在颅骨修补术中具有重要的临床价值。     

Population data on the seven short tandem repeat loci D4S2366, D6S474, D14S608, D19S246, D20S480, D21S226 and D22S689 in a German population

Allele frequencies for the autosomal tetranucleotide short tandem repeat loci D4S2366, D6S474, D14S608, D19S246, D20S480, D21S226 and D22S689 were investigated in a sample of 189 unrelated German individuals using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction approach. The loci showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for D14S608. All genotyped alleles were cloned and sequenced, and an allelic nomenclature consistent with the ISFH recommendations was defined.     

A Korean population study of the nine STR loci FGA, VWA, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317 and D5S818

DNA typing was performed on 379 randomly selected unrelated Koreans using the nine short tandem repeat loci FGA, VWA, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317 and D5S818 present in the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus PCR amplification kit. Allele frequencies, heterozygosity, power of discrimination, mean exclusion chance, and polymorphism information content of each locus were calculated by statistical analysis. All nine loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The combined discrimination index and the combined mean exclusion chance in Koreans was 2.31 × 10^–12 and 0.99983, respectively. By evaluation of 297 children from 128 families, 2 mutations were found at the FGA locus and 1 each at the D18S51 and D13S317 loci. This study demonstrates that this multiplex system is a useful and convenient tool for forensic identification and parentage testing in Korea. Received: 15 September 1999 / Accepted: 14 January 2000     

Population genetics of six miniSTR loci (D1S1677, D2S441, D4S2364, D10S1248, D14S1434, D22S1045) in a Polish population

Allele frequency data and forensic efficiency parameters for six miniSTR loci: D1S1677, D2S441, D4S2364 (NC01), D10S1248, D14S1434, D22S1045 (NC02) were estimated from a sample of 116 unrelated individuals from Poland. No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations were detected. The combined power of discrimination for the six studied loci was 0.999995383.