初步评价肺栓塞计算机辅助诊断技术的诊断效能

目的 初步评价计算机辅助诊断(CAD)技术诊断肺栓塞的可行性及诊断效能.方法 回顾性收集因临床高度怀疑肺栓塞或下肢深静脉血栓而行CT肺血管成像(CTPA)检查的住院患者资料.由2名低年资医师及CAD软件分别阅片,记录肺栓塞患者人数、栓子数目及位置.3个月后由2名低年资医师在CAD辅助下重新评估患者资料.以2名高年资医师...     

实习医师以共同阅片和第二阅片者模式使用计算机辅助检测系统在低剂量CT中的应用研究

【摘要】目的:评估使用计算机辅助检测（CAD）系统辅助在低剂量胸部CT图像中,以第二阅片者模式和共同阅片模式对实习医生肺结节检出的敏感性和读片时间的影响。方法：前瞻性纳入60例胸外恶性肿瘤患者,接受2次连续低剂量胸部CT扫描。 3名实习生以盲法和随机顺序独立地对低剂量胸部CT图像进行三次阅片,一次使用共同阅片模式,第二次不使用CAD,第三次使用第二阅片模式。记录真阳性率（TP）,假阳性率（FP）和阅读时间。 以3名高年资胸部放射科医师（>20年）检出的肺结节（包括对CAD检出结节认可）的一致意见为真结节参照标准。结果：共同阅片模式（259s）的阅读时间明显短于不使用CAD的阅读时间（341s,P<0.01）和第二阅片模式（363s;P<0.01）。低剂量胸部CT,CAD作为共同阅片者(CR)的敏感性(67.36%)显著高于不使用CAD的敏感性(40.83%,P<0.001),而与CAD作为第二阅片者(SR)的敏感性(68.34%：P>0.05)无统计学差异。CAD作为CR的FP率(5.31/CT)高于无CAD的FP率(3.28/CT,P<0.0001),而与CAD作为SR的FP率(5.23/CT,P>0.05)无统计学差异。使用CAD在共同阅片模式下的FOM明显高于不使用CAD的FOM(分别为0.59和0.44,P<0.001),使用CAD在第二阅片模式的平均FOM值为0.60,与共同阅片模式无统计学意义(P=0.675)。结论:在低剂量CT图像,使用CAD显著提高实习医师对包括小结节在内的肺结节诊断敏感性;并且以共同读片模式使用CAD显著地缩短了实习医师的阅片时间。     

CT结肠成像:计算机辅助检测作为第二与同步阅片者对具有一定CT结肠成像经验的普通放射科医生诊断结肠息肉的影响

正摘要目的评估运用计算机辅助检测(CAD)作为第二和同步阅片者来帮助具一定的CT结肠成像(CTC)经验的放射科医生诊断结肠息肉的有效性。方法 7名具有一定CTC     

CT肺结节分析软件在肺部筛查中的应用价值

目的:对比分析肺结节分析软件在肺部筛查中的应用价值。方法:80例肺部结节患者随机均分为A、B、C、D 4组。3位放射科医师(D1、D2、D3)分别采用常规阅片法和计算机辅助检测(computer aided detection,CAD)联合阅片法,分别在无限时和限时模式下,对这4组患者行CT阅片,记录肺部结节数量。其中A组采用无限时常规阅片法,B组采用无限时CAD联合阅片法,C组采用限时常规阅片法,D组采用限时CAD联合阅片法。将所有记录的肺结节结果与金标准进行对比,绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC曲线),记录曲线下面积(Az值)。通过Az值的比较,判断肺结节分析软件对于诊断者的辅助价值。结果:D1、D2、D3的Az值A组分别为0.777、0.693、0.506,B组分别为0.816、0.759、0.599,C组分别为0.666、0.559、0.295,D组分别为0.779、0.744、0.542。各诊断者于无限时模式下的Az值均高于限时模式下的Az值,差异具有统计学意义。在2种模式下,CAD联合阅片法的Az值均较常规阅片法升高,但是在无限时模式下差异无统计学意义,在限时模式下差异有统计学意义;Az值的升高有随着诊断经验的增加而下降的趋势。结论:肺结节分析软件能够帮助提高诊断者在肺结节检测中的诊断价值,尤其对快速诊断及低年资诊断者的帮助意义更大。     

应用计算机辅助检测系统对观察者在数字化胸片肺结节检测中的训练

摘要目的评估短期反馈能否帮助观察者提高在数字化胸片中运用计算机辅助系统(CAD)检测肺结节的能力。方法140例胸部平片(56例CT证实存在孤立性肺结节,84例为阴性对照)分为4组,每组各35例;每组均有6名观察者按不同顺序阅片。在有和没有CAD(IQQA-Chest,EDDA Technology)辅助情况下分别对病变的存在、部位、诊断的可靠性进行计分。观察者在每组阅片后获得独立的反馈。     

经结节体积的分析对低剂量CT中肺结节的计算机辅助诊断性能与双人阅片法的比较

目的通过对结节体积的分析,评估低剂量CT中肺结节的计算机辅助诊断(CAD)性能对双人阅片法的优越性。方法从NELSON肺癌筛查试验中随机抽取400例低剂量胸部CT检查的影像。经2名独立的诊断医师和CAD分别对CT影像进行评估。根据目前胸部放射诊断标准,对经诊断医师和(或)CAD标记的1667个结节进行评价。通过计算肺结节检测的敏感性和假阳性的数量、结节的特点和数量对性能进行评估。结果根据筛查方法,90.9%的结节不需进一步的评估,49.2%为小结节(<50mm3)。排出小结节后,CAD将假阳性检测率从3.7%降低到1.9%。151个结节需要进一步评估,与双人阅片比较,仅被CAD发现的结节有33个(21.9%),其中1人第2年被确诊为肺癌。对结节检测的敏度:双人阅片为78.1%,CAD为96.7%。共有69.7%未被诊断医师发现的结节为连接性结节,其中78.3%与血管相连。结论当排出小结节后,CAD的假阳性率低于双人阅片,并且有助于提高在肺癌筛查中肺结节检测的敏感性。     

计算机辅助检测对检出乳腺X线片中成簇微钙化灶的价值

目的:探讨计算机辅助检测系统(CAD)对检出乳腺X线钼靶摄影片中成簇微钙化灶的临床应用价值。方法:将22例乳腺X线钼靶片上疑有簇状钙化灶患者和13例正常对照者的140张乳腺钼靶X线片,经专业扫描仪数字化处理后,应用CAD软件标记其中的微钙化灶,由6位放射科医师分别单独阅片,再结合CAD阅片,结果采用受试者操作特性(ROC)曲线法进行分析。结果:6位放射科医师结合CAD阅片后,评价效果均优于未结合CAD时,其中3位低年资医师(有1年临床经验)和1位中年资医师(有5年以上临床经验)的两次评价结果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:CAD有助于提高乳腺X线片中成簇微钙化灶的检出率,尤其对缺少诊断经验医师的作用更大。     

采用计算机辅助探测原型对急性肺栓塞诊断的影响

目的评价计算机辅助检测(CAD)原型对CT肺血管成像检测急性肺栓塞(PE)的观察者表现的影响。材料与方法在这项机构审查委员会批准的回顾性研究中,6名具有不同经验的观察者评估了158例非肺栓塞和51例肺栓塞病人     

计算机辅助检测前列腺多参数MR成像:与经验丰富的阅片者诊断效能对比研究

正摘要目的评估经验丰富的阅片者采用CAD系统生成的可能性图检测前列腺癌的诊断效能,并与CAD非辅助模式下的多参数MRI(mp-MRI)评估对比。方法 3名经验丰富的     

冠状动脉CT血管成像中计算机辅助检测狭窄:对不同经验水平阅片者的影响

<正>目的评估冠状动脉CT血管成像(c CTA)中计算机辅助检测(CAD)算法对不同经验水平阅片者的影响。方法研究了已行c CTA和定量冠状动脉成像(QCA)的50例病人     

Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

Over the last decade, contrast-enhanced spiral CT has been established as a non-invasive alternative to catheter angiography and is now regarded as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). The reported sensitivities for the diagnosis of PE of spiral CT vary from 45 to 100% and the specificities vary from 78 to 100%. Prospective outcome studies have shown a high negative predictive value for a single-detector spiral CT for PE. Patients' outcomes were not adversely affected in these studies when anticoagulation was withheld after a negative CT pulmonary angiogram. The main limitation of single-detector spiral CT has been its limited ability to detect isolated subsegmental PE. However, multidetector spiral CT allows evaluation of pulmonary vessels down to sixth-order branches and significantly increases the rate of detection of PE in segmental and subsegmental levels. The interobserver correlations for diagnosis of subsegmental PE with multidetector spiral CT exceed the reproducibility of selective pulmonary angiography. If appropriate equipment is available (multidetector CT), then CT pulmonary angiogram is safe to be used as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of PE.     

MR imaging of pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary emboli

Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries on spin-echo, ECG-gated MR images is limited to the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle in normal subjects. Initial experience has indicated that signal persisting during systole may be characteristic of slow blood flow associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or of thrombotic material secondary to pulmonary embolism. This study analyzes our cumulative experience (31 patients) with multiphasic, double spin-echo MR for assessing PAH and/or suspected pulmonary embolism. In PAH, the abnormal systolic signal showed an intensity increase from first to second echo. This pattern was observed in 92% of PAH patients, including 100% of patients with pulmonary systolic pressures greater than or equal to 80 mm Hg and 60% of patients with pressures less than 80 mm Hg. At any focus in the pulmonary arteries, such signal disappeared at some phase of the cardiac cycle. In patients with pulmonary embolism, signal from thrombus was fixed throughout the cardiac cycle and showed little or no increase in relative intensity change from first- to second-echo image. Using this guideline, MR made six confirmed positive and four confirmed negative diagnoses of proximal pulmonary embolism, while it failed to identify thrombus in the one patient with a peripheral pulmonary embolism. Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries caused by PAH or pulmonary embolism can be differentiated in most instances using multiphasic, double spin-echo, ECG-gated MR. However, at its current stage of development, the procedure does not appear to be useful for the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary embolism.     

肺灌注/通气显像与肺动脉造影诊断肺动脉栓塞的对比研究

目的评价核素肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像在肺动脉栓塞(PE)诊断中的价值。方法临床疑有PE患者30例,男女各15例,平均年龄(38.2±13.9)岁。均行胸部X线片检查、核素V/Q显像和肺动脉造影。11例患者在行肺灌注显像时,选择双侧足背静脉注射肺灌注显像剂,同时完成双下肢静脉显像。结果30例患者中22例V/Q显像示不相匹配的肺叶、肺段或多发亚肺段的放射性分布稀疏或缺损,提示为PE;但肺动脉造影证实22例中20例为PE。8例患者的V/Q显像为相匹配的肺叶、肺段或多发亚肺段的稀疏或缺损,提示不是PE,与肺动脉造影结果一致。核素V/Q显像诊断PE的灵敏度为100%（20/20例）,特异性为80.0%（8/10例）,准确性为93.3%（28/30例）。X线胸片和核素下肢静脉显像有助于PE的正确诊断。结论多数PE患者通过核素肺V/Q显像结合X线胸片可以作出明确诊断,少数肺V/Q显像与临床表现不符的患者需行肺动脉造影。     

Follow-up pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy pulmonary arterial embolization in two cases of familial pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Follow-up pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy in evaluating pulmonary arterial embolization were assessed by two cases of pulmonary familial arteriovenous fistula. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula was found for brain abscess in the older brother, and for dyspnea on effort in the younger brother. Pulmonary arterial embolizations were performed. (older brother: 4 times, younger brother: 5 times) Before embolization, pulmonary perfusion scintigram showed pale defect, clear asymmetric perfusion between right and left lung, and clear renal visualization. On the other hand, after the embolization, clear multiple defects agreed with the sites of embolization, and asymmetric pulmonary perfusion and renal visualization disappeared. We conclude that follow-up pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy is useful to evaluate in pulmonary arteriovenous fistula after embolization.     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺良性疾病的临床分析

目的探讨胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部良性疾病的可行性和临床应用价值。方法回顾我院2010年3月～2012年7月采用胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的37例肺良性疾病的临床资料,对手术方式和围术期相关临床指标进行分析。结果37例患者中,全胸腔镜手术28例,胸腔镜辅助小切口手术9例。平均手术时间178(55～275)min;术中出血平均420(30～1300)ml;术后总引流量平均1420(160～4800)ml;术后住院时间平均9.5(4～27)d。全组无围术期死亡,术后并发呼吸衰竭1例,肺持续漏气1例,其余无严重并发症。结论胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部良性疾病是安全可行的,对于有肺叶切除适应证的肺部良性疾病患者,可以作为主要的手术方式。     

Virtual pulmonary arterioscopy in pulmonary embolic disease

16 slice multidetector CT provides virtual endoscopic views of the inside of arteries, or any other hollow structures. This is performed non-invasively using post-processing of three-dimensional isotropic image data sets, acquired during standard CT examinations. These virtual endoscopic views are simultaneously correlated with the standard multiplanar reconstructions, with the ability to navigate a virtual camera through the hollow structure under study. Normal and abnormal volume rendered images of the pulmonary arteries are presented in correlation with the multiplanar reformats. The abnormal images show the volume rendered appearances of acute and chronic pulmonary embolic disease. It is also postulated that this technique has a problem solving role in the differential diagnosis of chronic mural emboli from extravascular structures such as adjacent lymph nodes or bronchiolar impaction. This technique may also have a role in medical education, providing clinicians and medical students with interactive three-dimensional representations of disease processes.