腋后路内固定治疗IdebergⅠa及Ⅱ型肩胛盂骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨腋后路治疗IdebergⅠa及Ⅱ型肩胛盂骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2018年12月至2021年9月采用腋后路治疗的9例肩胛盂下部分骨折患者的资料,男3例,女6例;年龄50～78岁。所有患者骨折为闭合性骨折,依据肩胛盂骨折Ideberg分型:Ⅰa型6例,Ⅱ型3例。分别于术后第6、12周及6、12个月摄肩关节正、侧位X线片,记录所有患者末次随访时的Constant-Murley肩关节评分,上肢功能障碍(disability of the arm,shoulder and hand,DASH)评分,骨折愈合情况以及其他并发症情况。结果:术后9例患者获得随访,时间6～15个月。末次随访时9例均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,末次随访时患者的Constant-Murley评分为55～96分;DASH评分为3.33～33.33分。结论:腋后路内固定治疗IdebergⅠa、Ⅱ型肩胛盂骨折有效解决了前方入路显露肩胛盂下部分骨折困难的问题,可避免肩胛下肌以及关节囊医源性损伤,临床效果满意,值得临床推广使用。     

Judet入路切开复位内固定治疗复杂肩胛盂骨折

目的探讨IdebergⅣ型和Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折的手术治疗方法。方法2004年8月至2012年1月间收治11例复杂肩胛盂骨折患者,均为男性,平均年龄38．8±10．7岁;IdebergⅣ型5例,Ⅴa型2例,Ⅴb型4例,关节面主要骨块间间隙或台阶平均为6．3mm±6．2mm。手术采用Judet入路重建钢板或重建带固定肩胛骨内、外侧缘,其中5例关节面骨块辅以空心螺钉固定。术后随访患者骨折愈合情况、肩关节前屈及内旋活动度,采用Constant肩关节功能评分、美国加州大学肩关节功能评分（UCLA）和上肢臂、肩、手功能障碍（DASH）调查量表评分标准评价肩关节功能。结果本组11例患者随访时间为12-50个月,平均28．2±12．6个月,骨折均获骨性愈合。无切口感染、内固定失败病例。末次随访时肩关节前屈活动度为150°～170°,平均163．5°±7．37°;内旋伸拇达T8水平以上5例,T12水平以上3例,L4水平以上3例。Constant评分为82-96分,平均87．8±4．9分;UCLA评分为30-35分,平均32．7±1．7分,其中优4例,良7例;DASH评分为3．4～13分,平均7．4±3．3分。结论Judet入路切开复位内固定治疗IdebergⅣ型和Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折,可获得比较满意的疗效。     

肩胛盂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛盂骨折的分型、手术治疗指征和方法。方法对8例肩胛盂骨折手术治疗患者临床资料进行分析,根据改良Idebery肩胛盂骨折分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅴ型2例。分别采用切开复位重建钢板和拉力螺钉固定。结果患者均获随访,时间6~41个月,平均14.2个月。根据美国肩肘协会评分标准进行肩关节功能评分,为55~100分,平均85.6分,优5例,良1例,可1例,差1例。结论肩胛骨盂缘骨折块移位≥1 cm、前缘骨折块≥25%、后缘骨折块≥33%,或盂窝骨折肩关节面不平整≥5 mm及盂肱关节不稳定均需手术治疗。对肩胛盂骨折采用改良Idebery分型,有利于指导临床手术治疗,且手术疗效满意。     

手术治疗肩胛盂移位性关节内骨折22例临床疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗肩胛盂移位性关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法采用改良Jdet人路为主的多种组合手术人路,重建钢板内固定治疗22例肩胛盂移位性关节内骨折,对患者术后肩关节功能恢复情况进行随访,并记录患者术后并发症、骨折愈合情况和肩关节前屈、内旋、内收及外展功能。结果所有患者术后均未出现切口感染。有18例患者得到随访,随访时间12～39个月,平均16个月,1例随访患者X线片显示创伤性关节炎,其余患者x线片下肩胛骨骨折骨性愈合良好,复位关节面平整未发生明显移位,内固定物无松动及脱出现象。根据Schandelmaier等肩关节功能标准评定,优14例,良3例,可1例。结论对于肩胛盂移位性关节内骨折行重建钢板内固定治疗可获得良好的临床效果。     

经腋窝入路治疗肩胛盂骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨经腋窝入路治疗肩胛盂骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年11月至2021年4月郑州市骨科医院上肢骨科收治的12例肩胛盂骨折患者资料, 男4例, 女8例;年龄30～75岁, 平均53.5岁。肩胛盂骨折按照Ideberg分型:Ⅰa型2例, Ⅱ型9例, Ⅴa型1例。所有患者均采用腋窝入路治疗, 2例合并肩关节前脱位患者均于麻醉下先行手法复位, 2例IdebergⅠa型患者使用锚钉固定, 余10例患者使用腋窝入路专用接骨板固定, 3例合并大结节骨折患者均经肩外侧劈三角肌入路使用大结节专用接骨板固定。末次随访时分别采用肩关节Constant-Murley评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Hawkins分级分别对患者治疗后肩关节功能、疼痛及稳定性进行评价。结果术后所有患者获9～20个月(平均14.4个月)随访;手术时间为55～110 min, 平均76.3 min;术中出血量为60～160 mL, 平均103.8 mL;住院时间为8～14 d, 平均11.1 d。所有患者手术切口均为甲级愈合。术后6个月肩胛盂均获骨性愈合。末次随访时所有患者均无肩关节不稳、血管神经损伤、内固定物松动或断裂。末次...     

胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折

目的探讨胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折的疗效。方法采用胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗28例Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折患者。末次随访时根据Neer评分标准评定肩关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。骨折均愈合,时间6~10个月。无畸形愈合,无创伤性关节炎、肩峰撞击征、冻结肩等并发症发生。末次随访时肩关节功能按Neer评分标准评定:优11例,良10例,可7例。结论采用胸骨直型重建钢板内固定治疗Ⅴ型肩胛盂骨折,术中塑形方便,可进行环形内固定,使固定更牢靠。     

切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗累及肩盂的肩胛骨骨折

目的探讨累及肩盂的肩胛骨折的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2007年1月采用切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗的12例累及肩盂的肩胛骨骨折的疗效,记录术后并发症,骨折愈合时间,肩关节外展活动度,采用Neer和UCLA标准评价肩关节功能。结果10例得到平均15.2个月的随访。无表浅和深部感染,骨折均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间12～16周,平均13.5周,肩关节外展90～180°,平均158°。根据Neer肩关节评分标准:优7例,满意3例。根据UCLA评分标准:优7例,良3例。结论采用切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗累及肩盂的肩胛骨骨折可获得满意的临床效果。     

肩胛盂移位及成角在肩胛颈骨折治疗中的意义

目的探讨肩胛盂移位及成角在肩胛颈骨折治疗中的意义。方法回顾分析自2000年1月～2005年1月收治的9例伴有肩胛盂移位及成角的肩胛颈骨折治疗的临床资料。采用前后位X线片检查,辅以CT检查测量肩胛盂移位及成角畸形。采用Goss等的分型方法:ⅡA型5例,ⅡB型4例。伴有合并损伤者7例。肩肘吊带保守治疗2例,通过Judet入路重建钢板内固定手术治疗7例。结果9例患者7例获得随访,随访5个月～4年,平均28.6个月。根据Constant疗效评价标准,优3例,良3例,差1例,优良率为85.7%。远期主要并发症包括,肩关节疼痛3例,肌力下降及外展活动受限4例,肩关节不稳定1例。结论①肩胛颈骨折多由高能暴力所致,合并损伤发生率很高,容易漏诊。②正确的X线摄片及CT检查有助于明确骨折类型和选择治疗方法。③肩胛颈骨折肩胛盂移位超过1cm或成角超过40°应行手术治疗。④手术治疗是一种安全有效的方法,术后正确的康复训练对肩关节功能恢复至关重要。     

三维CT重建在肩胛骨骨折中的应用

目的 探讨三维CT重建在肩胛骨骨折治疗中的指导意义。方法 7例肩胛骨粉碎性骨折患者接受x线、CT扫描、三维CT重建检查，对骨折的严重程度进行评估，并据此制定最佳治疗方案。结果 7例中，4例累及肩胛颈，2例累及肩胛颈和肩胛盂，1例伴锁骨骨折；6例接受手术治疗。所有患者均获得随访，随访时间3个月-2年6个月，骨折平均愈合时间7-10周，肩关节功能恢复良好。结论 三维CT重建能多方位、立体、全面地显示肩胛骨骨折部位、程度。对骨折手术方案的制定、手术人路和内固定的选择有很强的指导意义。     

不稳定性肩胛骨骨折的内固定治疗

目的:探讨不稳定性肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法:自2008年10月至2011年8月收治不稳定性肩胛骨骨折14例,其中男12例,女2例;年龄21～55岁,平均38.7岁;伤后至就诊时间1h～10d,平均3d。肩胛体骨折3例,肩胛颈及肩胛体骨折4例,肩胛颈及肩峰端骨折4例,关节盂及喙突部骨折2例,肩胛冈及喙突部骨折1例。14例均采用手术治疗,术后采用Hardegger标准进行功能评定。结果:14例均获得随访,时间2～36个月,平均12.4个月。骨折临床愈合时间6～8周,无切口感染、内固定失败。根据Hardegger标准进行功能评定,优9例,良3例,可2例。结论:手术治疗不稳定性肩胛骨骨折可重建肩关节稳定,促进关节功能早期康复,最大限度地恢复肩关节功能。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.