综合性医院革兰阴性杆菌的分布和耐药性分析

目的了解医院革兰阴性杆菌的分布以及耐药现况。方法对本院2010年分离革兰阴性杆菌的分布和耐药性进行统计描述与分析。结果 5 795株分离细菌中革兰阴性菌3 371株,占58.2%;大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs率分别为59.1%和33.7%。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南、头孢替坦、阿米卡星的耐药率均小于10%;铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、洋葱假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率较低的分别为头孢他定(9.1%)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(13.8%)、左氧氟沙星(3.0%)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(13.8%)。结论碳青霉烯类药仍可作为治疗肠杆菌科细菌感染的首选药物,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦可作为治疗非发酵菌感染的经验用药。     

387例急性脑梗死合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的检测和分析急性脑梗死合并肺部感染患者的病原菌分布以及耐药性,为合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2012年1月至2018年6月在本院进行诊治并符合急性脑梗死患者合并肺部感染诊断标准的患者387例,对其痰标本进行细菌培养,并检测分析其耐药性。结果 387例急性脑梗死合并肺部感染患者临床标本共培养出431株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌(G-)304株,占70.53%;革兰阳性菌(G+)98株,占22.74%;真菌29株,占6.73%。G-菌中检出率较高的次为肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌。其中肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、亚胺培南具有较高的敏感性,对氨苄西林、左氧氟沙星具有较高的耐药性;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南、氨曲南较敏感,对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、左氧氟沙星耐药率为79.41%-86.76%;大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、亚胺培南较敏感,对头孢唑林、左氧氟沙星耐药率为85.71%-96.43%。G+菌中检出率较高的是金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,两细菌对利奈唑胺、替考拉宁、呋喃妥因、万古霉素较敏感,对青霉素、氨苄西林耐药率为81.48%-100.00%;真菌中检出率较高的是白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌,两真菌对酮康唑、制霉菌素、氟胞嘧啶较敏感,对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素B耐药率为26.67%-40.00%。结论急性脑梗死合并肺部感染患者感染病原菌普遍存在一定的耐药性,应及时做病原菌培养和耐药性试验,以利于控制患者病情。     

某医院2017—2018年眼科感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析佛山市第二人民医院眼科诊治感染患者的病原菌菌株分布情况及耐药性,了解眼科主要致病菌的耐药性。方法 选择我院2017年1月—2018年12月眼科送检阳性病原菌培养样本共106例,分析眼科致病菌分布及耐药特征。结果 2017年共监测阳性标本56例,其中革兰阳性菌37例(66.0%),革兰阴性菌15例(26.7%),真菌4例(7.1%)。2018年共监测阳性标本50例,其中革兰阳性菌36例(72.0%),革兰阴性菌12例(24.0%),真菌2例(4.0%)。表皮葡萄球菌排在眼科革兰阳性致病菌的第1位。铜绿假单胞菌排在眼科革兰阴性致病菌的第1位。表皮葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、左氧氟沙星、四环素保持较高耐药率,对万古霉素具有较高敏感性。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和阿米卡星均有较高敏感性,对头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星有一定耐药现象。结论 2017—2018年我院眼科感染病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,对万古霉素敏感,革兰阴性菌对左氧氟沙星有一定的耐药性。为预防术后感染发生,应严格术前消毒,依据药物敏感试验检测结果合理使用抗生素。     

艾滋病合并细菌性肺炎病原菌分布及耐药研究

目的研究艾滋病合并细菌性肺炎患者的病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床疾病防控提供指导。方法收集艾滋病合并细菌性肺炎患者痰液等标本,分离鉴定病原菌,并对病原菌进行耐药性分析。结果分离鉴定出106株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌66株,革兰阳性菌40株;革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌29株,肺炎克雷伯菌18株,阴沟肠杆菌10株,铜绿假单胞菌2株,鲍曼不动杆菌1株,其他革兰阴性菌6株;革兰阳性菌中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌20株,金黄色葡萄球菌11株,肺炎链球菌5株,其他革兰阳性菌4株。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星的耐药率分别为51.72%、37.93%、31.03%、24.14%和10.34%;肺炎克雷伯菌对庆大霉素、氨苄西林、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶的耐药率分别为55.56%、44.44%、33.33%、27.78%和16.67%,主要革兰阴性菌对美罗培南均敏感;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对庆大霉素、苯唑西林、利福平、阿奇霉素、克林霉素的耐药率分别为75.00%、50.00%、40.00%、30.00%和25.00%;金黄色葡萄球菌对庆大霉素、阿奇霉素、苯唑西林、克林霉素、利福平的耐药率分别为63.64%、54.55%、45.45%、45.45%和27.27%;肺炎链球菌对苯唑西林、庆大霉素、阿奇霉素、克林霉素、利福平的耐药率分别为40.00%、20.00%、20.00%、20.00%和20.00%,主要革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。结论艾滋病合并细菌性肺炎患者感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其中以大肠埃希菌最为常见。治疗革兰阴性菌感染患者时首选美罗培南;治疗革兰阳性菌感染患者时首选利奈唑胺。     

我院2007年革兰阴性杆菌的耐药性分析

目的 了解成都市第七人民医院2007年临床感染细菌的种类及耐药性.方法 对我院2007年分离出的革兰阴性菌的药敏试验结果进行回顾性统计分析.结果 从422份送检标本分离出细菌443株,革兰阴性菌286株占64.56%,分离率最高为大肠埃希氏菌77株,其次为肺炎克雷伯杆菌44株,第三是铜绿假单孢菌41株;革兰阴性菌中敏感率最高的是亚胺培南(硫霉素)90.18%、然后依次是阿米卡星76.92%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦69.53%、头孢泊肟62.81%、头孢他啶61.05%.结论 革兰阴性菌耐药性相当严重,尤其是铜绿假单孢菌.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴医院获得性肺炎患者革兰阴性菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴医院获得性肺炎(HAP)患者的革兰阴性菌分布及耐药情况,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法回顾性调查2009-01~2014-09住院的68例COPD合并HAP患者呼吸道标本的细菌分离和药敏试验资料,分析革兰阴性菌种类分布及耐药率。结果 68例患者中分离出革兰阴性菌147株,其中鲍曼不动杆菌92株(62.6%),铜绿假单胞菌32株(21.8%),肺炎克雷伯杆菌10株(6.8%),其他革兰阴性菌13株(8.8%)。鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗生素的耐药率明显增高,分别为头孢呋辛96.7%、头孢他啶94.6%、庆大霉素92.4%、环丙沙星92.4%等。肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林、头孢呋辛、环丙沙星的耐药率较高,分别为50.0%、60.0%、90.0%。铜绿假单胞菌耐药率较低。结论 COPD合并HAP的常见革兰阴性菌为鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌。鲍曼不动杆菌为多重耐药菌,对抗生素耐药率高。临床医师应重视对患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染的预防和控制,合理应用抗生素。     

老年患者医院获得性肺炎耐药性临床分析

目的 分析老年患者医院获得性肺炎致病菌的菌群分布及其对抗生素的耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据.方法 对我院2006年6月至2009年9月160例老年患者医院获得性肺炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析,明确病原学特点及对抗生素的耐药情况.结果 共分离出180株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌108株(60.0%),革兰阳性菌48株(26.7%),真菌24株(13.3%).革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌检出率最高(20.5%),革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高(11.1%).长期使用抗生素、广谱抗生素的慢性患者真菌检出率增高.革兰阴性杆菌对三代头孢菌素均耐药,产超广谱β内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对青霉素类、青霉素+酶抑制剂、头孢菌素类和单酰胺类抗生素均耐药,铜绿假单胞菌耐药严重,但对头孢他啶尚敏感.革兰阴性菌对阿米卡星、哌拉西林+他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮+舒巴坦、亚胺培南、美洛培南的敏感性较高.耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占92.6%,革兰阳性菌对阿奇霉素、环丙沙星、氨苄西林、氨苄西林+舒巴坦的耐药率多在76%以上,而对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁敏感性高,尚未发现耐万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁的葡萄球菌菌株.结论 老年患者医院获得性肺炎以革兰阴性杆菌为优势菌株,产超广谱β内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌呈逐年增高趋势,且耐药性日趋严重,其对阿米卡星、哌拉西林+他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮+舒巴坦、亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感性较高.革兰阳性球菌感染宜用万古霉素、利奈唑胺或替考拉宁.     

老年胃癌并发糖尿病患者术后感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

[目的]研究老年胃癌并发糖尿病患者术后感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,以期为感染诊治提供参考。[方法]回顾性分析734例老年胃癌并发糖尿病患者的临床资料。分离培养采集到的患者标本细菌,采用GP法进行革兰阴性菌药敏试验,采用GN201法进行革兰阳性菌药敏试验。[结果]老年胃癌并发糖尿病患者术后感染136例(感染率18.52%),患者共分离培养病原菌158株,其中革兰阴性菌96株(60.76%)、革兰阳性菌58株(36.71%)、真菌4株(2.53%)。主要革兰阳性菌中,表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率分别为100.00%、77.78%,金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药率分别为91.67%、83.33%。主要革兰阴性菌中,大肠埃希菌对头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星耐药率分别为93.33%、80.00%,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢哌酮、环丙沙星耐药率分别为76.92%、69.23%,铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率为80.00%。[结论]老年胃癌并发糖尿病患者术后感染率较高,病原菌分布主要为革兰阴性菌,且对头孢哌酮、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星等的耐药率较高,值得临床上感染诊治时借鉴。     

湛江地区老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者主要病原菌分布及耐药性

目的探讨湛江地区老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者病原菌分布及药敏分析。方法选择378例老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,对耳分泌物进行病原菌分离培养和药敏试验,并对检测结果进行分析。结果 378例耳道分泌物标本中,371例培养出病原菌,其中细菌315例(84.91%),真菌48例(12.94%),无菌生长8例(2.16%)。363株病原菌中革兰阳性菌164株(45.18%),其中金黄色葡萄球菌最多(21.83%);革兰阴性菌151株(41.60%),主要为铜绿假单胞杆菌(18.33%);真菌48株(13.22%),其中黄曲霉菌最多(3.77%)。药物敏感试验发现金黄色葡萄球菌对喹若酮类药物、万古霉素、庆大霉素、苯唑青霉素敏感性较高;表皮葡萄球菌对万古霉素、庆大霉素敏感性较高。对铜绿假单胞菌与变形杆菌进行药物敏感试验发现,铜绿假单胞菌对美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、庆大霉素敏感性较高;变形杆菌对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、美洛培南、哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、庆大霉素敏感性较高。结论湛江地区老年慢性化脓性中耳炎耳分泌物病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、变形杆菌为主,且对抗菌药物敏感性不同,因此临床治疗应根据致病菌及药敏分析结果选择适当药物。     

老年院内获得性肺炎病原菌分布和耐药性分析

目的探讨老年院内获得性肺炎病原菌分布和耐药性。方法对93例老年院内获得性肺炎患者的186株病原菌资料进行回顾性研究。结果186株病原菌中,革兰阴性杆菌占75.8%,革兰阳性菌13.4%,真菌10.7%。病原菌排序依次为铜绿假单胞菌20.9%、大肠埃希菌15.0%、真菌10.7%(其中白色念珠菌9.6%)、肺炎克雷白菌12.3%和金黄色葡萄球菌9.6%。6种主要革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南的敏感率为92.3%~100%;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦的敏感率为66.6%,对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦的敏感率为71.4%~76.9%。结论致老年院内获得性肺炎的病原菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌,对亚胺培南的敏感性最高,对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦和哌拉西林-他唑巴坦的敏感性也很高。     

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and class 1 integron integrase gene intl1 in Escherichia coli from Thai patients and healthy adults

Among 120 Escherichia coli isolates from Thai patients, 37 and 9 isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and suspected ESBL producers respectively while 5 E. coli isolates from 120 Thai healthy adults were suspected ESBL producers. Integrase (intl1) gene was detected in 99% of the clinical and 87% of the non-clinical isolates. Among 37 ESBL producers, percent recovery of bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV) and bla(VEB) was 78%, 78%, 8% and 8%, respectively. Twenty-five isolates of ESBL producers carried both bla(TEM) and bla(CTX-M), 2 isolates carried 3 genes (bla(TEM), blac(CTX-M), and bla(SHV)) and 3 showed no detectable bla gene. Among the 14 suspected ESBL producers, intl1 and bla(TEM) were detected in 13 isolates. ESBL producers from clinical samples were resistant to most of the tested antimicrobial agents compared to non-ESBL producers and isolates from healthy adults with about half of the latter susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents. Only one clinical isolate was resistant to imipenem. Susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole among the clinical isolates in ESBL producer group (27%) and non-producer group (33%) were comparable, whereas the percent susceptibility of the non-clinical isolates was about twice that of the clinical isolates.     

The trends of hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens in hospitals in Saitama during the period of 1979-1987

In order to analyze the trends of hemolytic streptococcal infections, we have investigated the source of clinical specimens, monthly isolation rates, and the isolation rates by sex and age o patients of 6,440 hemolytic streptococci (group A, B, C and G) isolated from clinical specimens in hospitals in Saitama during the period of 1979-1987. 1) Serological group of 6,440 hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens were 4,691 (72.9%) isolates of group A, 1,535 (23.8%) isolates of group B, 47 (0.7%) isolates of group C, and 169 (2.6%) isolates of group G. 2) The main clinical sources of hemolytic streptococci, group A streptococci were 4,243 (90.7%) isolates from throat swabs, 117 (2.5%) isolates from ear secretions, 87 (1.9%) isolates from nose secretions, and 58 (1.2%) isolates etc., group B streptococci were 647 (42.2%) isolates from urines, 446 (29.1%) isolates from vaginal swabs, 127 (8.3%) isolates from throat swabs, 118 (7.7%) isolates from semen, 55 (3.6%) isolates from urethral secretions, 13 (0.8%) isolates from blood, and 9 (0.6%) isolates from cerebrospinal fluid etc.. 3) The monthly isolation rates of hemolytic streptococci, showed that group A streptococci had a general trend by the season, that is, the highest ratio in winter and the lowest ratio in summer, group B streptococci was not influenced by the season. 4) The isolation rates by sex of patients showed that group A streptococci had no difference between male and female, however, group B streptococci showed that the isolation rate of female was higher than that of male with the ratio of 7 to 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Antibiotic sensitivity and serotypes of group A hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens and healthy pupils in Japan, 1986-1988

As an epidemiological survey for streptococcal infection, antibiotic sensitivity test and T-serotyping were made on 2,735 strains of group A hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens and healthy pupils between 1986 through 1988 in Japan. Most dominant serotype in clinical isolates was T-4 (26.8%) and it was followed T-12 (25.5%), T-1 (11.2%) and T-3 (8.5%), on the other hand, dominant serotypes of the isolates from healthy pupils were T-12 (30.4%), T-1 (19.3%), T-4 (15.3%) and T-28 (13.4%). All of the isolates tested were sensitive to the beta-lactam antibiotics which was found as same as consequence of the previous surveys. However 36.4% to tetracycline, 2.1% to chloramphenicol and 1.4% to oleandomycin of the clinical isolates were resistant. Similarly, 16.2% to tetracycline, 2.3% to chloramphenicol 1.7% to oleandomycin, of the isolates from healthy pupils were resistant. Multi-resistant strains were found 1.4% in clinical isolates and 1.7% in the isolates from healthy pupils. Relation between distribution of multiresistant strain and T-serotypes was found. In T-12, multiresistant strains were encountered at a relatively high rate compared with other serotypes, representing 3.5% in clinical isolates and 5.6% in the isolates from healthy pupils. However this tendency was decreased than previous surveys, while incidence of tetracycline resistant strains in T-4 remained at high level, representing about 94% as same as in the past.     

食品与临床分离的致病性副溶血性弧菌耐药性比较

目的比较食品与临床分离的致病性副溶血性弧菌耐药性差异,为该菌耐药机制研究提供基础。方法运用K-B纸片法,对上海市28株临床菌株、18株食品源菌株的副溶血性弧菌进行耐药性监测,以PCR分析菌株的耐药基因。再用多位点测序技术揭示46株副溶血性弧菌的遗传多样性,针对相同进化分支中不同来源的分离株进行耐药性比较。结果28株临床菌株的耐药率(100%)明显高于18株食品源分离株(88.9%),而且临床菌株全部为多重耐药性菌株(n=28),而食品源中仅有2株具有多重耐药性。临床菌株所携带的耐药基因数量比食品源分离菌株更多、种类更为丰富。多位点测序分型结果也显示相同的趋势,在同一进化分支中,临床菌株的耐药性也显著高于食品分离株。结论本研究系统地比较食品与临床分离的致病性副溶血性弧菌耐药表型与耐药基因型的差异,分析了耐药性形成的原因,为副溶血性弧菌耐药性的起源、传播与控制提供依据。     

免疫层析法试剂盒快速鉴别结核与非结核分枝杆菌临床菌株的应用价值

目的评估免疫层析法试剂盒快速鉴别结核分枝杆菌与非结核分枝杆菌临床菌株的试剂盒应用价值。方法用免疫层析法试剂盒检测240株分枝杆菌菌株和50株其他微生物菌株,包括38株细菌、12株真菌、65株NTM,175株结核分枝杆菌临床菌株。结果结核分枝杆菌株检测阳性为173株,灵敏度为98.9%;115株其他微生物菌株检测结果均为阴性,特异性100%。结论免疫层析法试剂盒能快速、准确鉴别结核与非结核分枝杆菌临床菌株,无需其他设备。     

矽肺结核病耐喹诺酮(gyrA)基因情况分析

目的研究矽肺结核耐喹诺酮药敏试验与gyrA基因突变的关系。方法通过药敏试验和聚合酶链反应—单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术鉴定31株分枝杆菌临床分离株的菌种,分析gyrA基因突变的情况。结果30株临床分离株的16SrDNASSCP电泳图谱均与结核分枝杆菌标准株相同。16株耐喹诺酮类药临床分离株中,11株异常,占68.75%。结论gyrA基因突变与结核分枝杆菌对喹诺酮类药物耐药有关,且gyrA基因突变在药敏实验高、低浓度区均可发生。     

2002年上海地区医院细菌耐药性监测

目的　了解上海地区医院 2 0 0 2年临床分离菌株的耐药情况。方法　使用Kirby Bauer法将 2 0 0 2年 1月～ 12月上海 11家医院临床分离菌 2 2 84 9株进行 34种抗菌药物的敏感性试验。结果　 2 2 84 9株细菌中 ,革兰阳性球菌 6 94 0株 ( 30 .4 % ) ,革兰阴性菌 15 90 9株 ( 6 9.6 % )。葡萄球菌中耐药甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)和甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 (MRCNS)的检出率分别为 6 8.2 %和 75 .3% ;肺炎链球菌中青霉素不敏感株 (PISP PRSP)的发生率儿童组为 4 0 % ,成人组 7.5 % ,已出现对第 3代头孢菌素头孢曲松的耐药株 ( 2 8.9% )。万古霉素对革兰阳性球菌的抗菌活性最强 ,未发现万古霉素中度敏感金黄色葡萄球菌 (VISA)、万古霉素高度耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(VRSA)和万古霉素耐药肠球菌 (VRE)菌株。对革兰阴性杆菌的抗菌活性以亚胺培南最强。大肠埃希菌ESBLs产生株检出率为 2 4 % ,克雷伯菌中的检出率为 35 .2 %。住院患者临床分离株对多数抗菌药物的耐药率较门诊患者为高 ,且差异有显著性。结论　本组资料对临床合理选用抗菌药物具有重要参考价值     

上海部分地区肠杆菌科细菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶情况及 …

目的 了解上海地区肠杆菌科细菌产超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ＥＳＢＬｓ）的情况;比较产ＥＳＢＬｓ菌与非产ＥＳＢＬｓ菌对１１种抗生素的耐药率。方法 收集１９９９年３月￣１９９９年１０月上海地区４家医院分离的肠杆菌细菌１０２６株,用双纸片协同扩散法检测ＥＳＢＬｓ,用Ｋｉｒｂｙ－Ｂａｕｅｒ琼脂扩散法作药敏。结果 １０２６株肠杆菌科细菌中,共检出产ＥＳＢＬｓ菌３５２株,检出率为３４．３１％,其中肺炎克雷伯菌为３７     

MTBDR plus方法快速检测北京地区临床结核分枝杆菌分离株利福平和异烟肼耐药性效果评价

目的评估MTBDR plus试剂盒在北京地区快速检测利福平和异烟肼的耐药性的效果。方法筛选169例临床结核分枝杆菌分离株,以国际标准的比例法作为对照,探讨该试剂盒在临床上应用的敏感性和特异性以及突变分布频率。结果在北京地区使用MTBDR plus检测利福平和异烟肼的敏感性和特异性分别为96.9%、85.3%和93.2%、98.1%。rpoB基因频率最高的突变位点是S531L(55.2%),其次是D516V(8.3%)、H526Y(7.3%)和H526D(3.1%)。katG基因频率最高的突变位点是S315T1(62.9%),而inhA是C15T位点(21.6%)。结论 MTBDR plus是一个敏感、特异和快速的诊断利福平、异烟肼耐药性和MDR的有效方法。     

First report of class 1 and class 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from northwest Iran

We investigated the prevalence of multidrug resistance, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and presence of class 1 and 2 integrons in 150 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from northwest Iran by performing phenotypic confirmatory tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Of the 150 isolates, 149 (99.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of the MDR isolates, 124 (83.2%) were ESBL positive. The results of the PCR analysis showed that 117 (78.5%) and 20 (13.4%) MDR K. pneumoniae isolates carried intI1 and intI2, respectively, and 16 (10.7%) MDR K. pneumoniae isolates contained the integrase genes of both class 1 and class 2. Resistance of the isolates to gentamicin, tetracycline, ceftazidime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid was observed to be significantly associated with the presence of class 1 integrons; however, the resistance to tetracycline was observed to be associated with the presence of class 2 integrons alone. This study showed that integrons are widely prevalent in the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from northwest Iran, and that they may be playing an important role in attributing multidrug resistance to the clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons in MDR K. pneumoniae isolates from clinical settings in northwest Iran.