带蒂股前外侧皮瓣在下肢软组织肉瘤术后修复软组织缺损的疗效

目的 探讨带蒂股前外侧皮瓣在下肢软组织肉瘤术后修复软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2021年8月-2022年4月,收治11例下肢软组织肿瘤患者,按手术RO标准切除肿瘤,同时切取带蒂股前外侧皮瓣修复皮肤软组织缺损。皮瓣切取范围：12 cm×10 cm～15 cm×14 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或通过植皮覆盖创面。结果 11例皮瓣均顺利成活;供区一期愈合,植皮成活良好。术后随访6～10个月,肿瘤无复发,皮瓣外观及下肢功能均满意。结论 带蒂股前外侧皮瓣适用于修复下肢软组织肉瘤术后软组织缺损。     

足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后皮瓣修复的临床疗效分析

目的探讨足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后的创面采用皮瓣修复的临床疗效。方法本组11例患者中，患恶性黑色素瘤者8例、交界痣恶变者2例、慢性溃疡恶变者1例。对所有患者的肿瘤部位首先行距病灶边缘0．5～2．0cm广泛切除，然后分别采用四种不同类型带蒂皮瓣进行修复。结果术后随访患者6个月至3年10个月，所有皮瓣均存活，皮瓣感觉恢复良好，有2例患者肿瘤局部复发。结论为避免肿瘤局部复发，切除足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤时，需距病灶边缘2cm以上行扩大切除。修复切除后的创面不宜应用局部旋转皮瓣。采用足底内侧皮瓣对足跟部负重功能的修复效果较好，足跟部外侧和内侧的创面可采用足外侧皮瓣或内踝上皮瓣修复。腓肠神经伴营养血管蒂皮瓣可修复整个足跟部创面。     

足跟部恶性黑色素瘤的切除与修复重建

目的 探讨足跟部恶性黑色素瘤的手术切除和修复重建的原则。方法2001年5月～2003年12月收治8例恶性黑色素瘤，其中男5例，女3例。年龄28～56岁。病变均位于足跟部，病理检查均证实为恶性黑色素瘤；Hreslow分级：Ⅰ级2例，Ⅱ级5例，Ⅲ级1例。手术行局部广泛切除，根据足跟部软组织缺损大小，分别选用足外侧皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣及腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣移位修复，并于术前、术后应用干扰素治疗。结果术后8例皮瓣全部成活，随访1年6个月～4年，患者均健在，肿瘤未见复发。在功能及感觉恢复方面，足底内侧皮瓣与足外侧皮瓣最佳，腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣恢复良好。结论足跟部恶性黑色素瘤应行局部广泛切除术，在切缘阴性的基础上进行修复重建，根据创面大小分别采用足外侧皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣及腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣移位修复，临床疗效满意。     

14例头面部瘢痕癌溃疡创面的临床诊疗分析

目的 分析头面部瘢痕癌溃疡创面的临床特点,探讨其诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年3月收治且符合选择标准的14例头面部瘢痕癌溃疡创面患者临床资料。男8例,女6例;发病年龄21～81岁,平均61.6岁。潜伏期1个月～70年,中位时间4年。发病部位：头顶部7例、颌面部6例、颈部1例。致伤因素：创伤5例,抓伤5例,烫伤2例,烧伤1例,针刺伤1例。病理检查结果示鳞状细胞癌9例、基底细胞癌3例、皮脂腺癌1例、乳头状汗管囊腺瘤合并管状顶泌汗腺腺瘤1例。手术行单纯肿瘤扩大切除1例,肿瘤扩大切除+植皮修复1例,肿瘤扩大切除+局部皮瓣转移修复7例,肿瘤扩大切除+游离皮瓣移植修复5例。结果 14例患者均获随访,随访时间16～33个月,平均27.8个月。2例（14.29%）患者出现瘢痕癌溃疡创面复发,其中1例术后化疗2个疗程,于术后2年复发,现予以口服中药治疗,仍健在;1例于术后1年复发,复发后化疗2个疗程,已死亡。1例患者行左眼及眼周肿瘤扩大切除+游离左侧旋股外侧动脉降支穿支嵌合肌肉轴型皮瓣转移修复术,术后切口愈合不良,经抗感染和扩创缝合术处理后愈合良好;其余患者瘢痕癌溃疡创面均未复发,...     

局部皮瓣在头皮恶性肿瘤切除后创面修复中的应用

目的：探讨旋转皮瓣修复头皮肿瘤切除后创面缺损的效果。方法：对24例头皮恶性肿瘤患者（鳞癌7例、基底细胞癌15例、黑色素瘤2例）实施肿瘤扩大切除术。切除后创面面积3cm×4cm～9cm×11cm,肿瘤切除后创面用旋转皮瓣修复,供瓣区直接缝合或中厚植皮修复。结果：24例患者皮瓣血运正常,所有患者供瓣区愈合良好或植皮全部存活,16例随访6个月～2年,未见肿瘤复发。结论：利用旋转皮瓣转移修复恶性肿瘤切除后创面疗效满意。     

足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后皮瓣修复的临床疗效分析

目的探讨足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后的创面采用皮瓣修复的临床疗效。方法本组11例患者中,患恶性黑色素瘤者8例、交界痣恶变者2例、慢性溃疡恶变者1例。对所有患者的肿瘤部位首先行距病灶边缘0.5~2.0cm广泛切除,然后分别采用四种不同类型带蒂皮瓣进行修复。结果术后随访患者6个月至3年10个月,所有皮瓣均存活,皮瓣感觉恢复良好,有2例患者肿瘤局部复发。结论为避免肿瘤局部复发,切除足跟部皮肤恶性肿瘤时,需距病灶边缘2cm以上行扩大切除。修复切除后的创面不宜应用局部旋转皮瓣。采用足底内侧皮瓣对足跟部负重功能的修复效果较好,足跟部外侧和内侧的创面可采用足外侧皮瓣或内踝上皮瓣修复。腓肠神经伴营养血管蒂皮瓣可修复整个足跟部创面。     

累及鼻窦的面部复杂缺损创面的修复方法及其临床效果

目的探讨累及鼻窦的面部复杂缺损创面的修复方法与临床效果。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2020年1月—2022年5月, 中南大学湘雅医院烧伤整形外科收治5例、郴州市第一人民医院烧伤整形科收治4例符合入选标准的累及鼻窦的面部复杂缺损创面患者, 其中男6例、女3例, 年龄35～69岁, 包括4例钛网外露伴鼻窦损伤患者及5例肿瘤累及鼻窦患者。多学科团队合作充分评估损伤情况后, 对钛网外露患者行钛网去除、鼻窦清创、鼻窦黏膜去除, 对肿瘤患者行肿瘤根治性切除, 术后皮肤软组织缺损面积为5.0 cm×2.5 cm～18.0 cm×7.0 cm、鼻窦前壁缺损/缺如面积为3 cm×2 cm～6 cm×4 cm、窦腔深1～4 cm。根据旋股外侧动脉降支的穿支走行情况, 移植股前外侧嵌合皮瓣或股前外侧肌皮瓣(皮瓣面积9 cm×4 cm～19 cm×8 cm、肌肉大小5 cm×3 cm×3 cm～11 cm×6 cm×3 cm)修复缺损, 将供区创面直接缝合。观察术中移植组织瓣类型、受区血管、血管吻合方式以及术后供受区恢复情况、并发症发生情况, 随访受区外观与血运以及溃疡、肿瘤复发情况。结果对6例患者行股前...     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔软组织缺损

目的 探讨分析3种游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔软组织缺损修复中的临床特点与治疗效果。方法 2008年12月至2010年12月收治67例口腔肿瘤患者,切除肿瘤的同时,应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复缺损处,包括舌、颊、牙龈、口底,通常将皮瓣的旋股外侧动脉降支与受区的颌外动脉或甲状腺上动脉吻合,伴行静脉与受区的面总静脉或颈外静脉吻合。根据游离股前外侧皮瓣的厚度将其分成3种类型：股前外侧肌皮瓣、股前外侧脂肪筋膜皮瓣和薄型股前外侧皮瓣。结果 67例中股前外侧肌皮瓣为35例,股前外侧脂肪筋膜皮瓣17例,薄型股前外侧皮瓣15例。66例皮瓣存活,成功率为98.5％,其中1例糖尿病患者皮瓣发生小部分坏死,经清创换药后痊愈;1例皮瓣完全坏死。67例皮瓣中41例吻合2条静脉,26例吻合1条静脉。8例出现血管危象：6例为静脉血栓（5例抢救成功、1例皮瓣完全坏死）,1例为术区血肿,1例为穿支血管扭转,经过相应处理,血管危象均得到缓解。术后随访2～ 24个月,平均8.7个月,受区组织缺损修复效果满意,供区创面愈合良好。结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣的受区功能良好,供区并发症少,是一种修复口腔软组织缺损的较为理想的方法。     

高龄患者皮肤缺损的皮瓣移植修复

目的报道高龄患者皮肤软组织缺损应用外科皮瓣移植修复的临床效果。方法对年龄60～72岁患者皮肤软组织缺损进行皮瓣修复,其中肿瘤切除后缺损4例,创伤后皮肤缺损6例,慢性溃疡13例,采用腓骨骨皮瓣2例,腓骨瓣与股前外侧皮瓣组合移植1例,单用股前外侧皮瓣4例、桡动脉皮瓣3例、胫后动脉皮瓣2例及腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣11例。皮瓣大小6cm×11cm～10cm×15cm。结果23例皮瓣中20例成活,2例皮瓣远端小部份坏死,经换药处理后愈合,1例因静脉危象皮瓣坏死。术后经3～24个月的随访,成活的皮瓣在弹性、色泽及外形方面均较满意。结论只要严格掌握手术适应证,术前准备充分,对高龄患者皮肤软组织缺损施行皮瓣移植修复也能取得较好的临床效果。     

上睑对位睑板结膜瓣联合皮瓣旋转修复下睑缺损

自 1996年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年 1月 ,我们利用上睑对位睑板结膜瓣联合皮瓣旋转修复因肿瘤切除引起的下睑缺损 7例 ,取得了较好的效果。1　临床资料　本组 7例 ,其中男性 2例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 4 8～ 75岁。基底细胞癌 3例 ,睑板腺癌 3例 ,黑色素瘤 1例。肿瘤的部位发生在内侧下睑 3例 ,外侧下睑 4例。缺损的范围在 1 2至 3 4。2　手术方法　局部浸润麻醉后切除肿瘤。将残存眼睑断端灰线切开 ,并将下睑分成前后两叶。将上睑板翻转取对位缺损处的睑板结膜 ,距睑缘约 3ｍｍ处作一平行切口 ,取上睑板的中部约 2～ 3ｍｍ宽处作另一平行切口 ,分离至轮…     

蒂部潜移法增加V-Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离

目的:为修复上肢中小创面提供一种V-Y推进皮瓣。方法:在邻近创面的健康皮肤,依纵行的筋膜皮下血管丛方向设计V-Y筋膜皮瓣,通过对蒂部在深筋膜下间隙及皮下疏松组织中不同层次的潜行分离,既增加了皮瓣的推进距离,又不影响皮瓣的血供基础。结果:临床修复上肢创面6例,皮瓣面积为3cm×4cm~5cm×8cm,推进距离2.5cm~5.0cm,均完全成活。结论:皮瓣蒂部潜移法能安全有效地增加V-Y筋膜皮瓣的推进距离,是修复中小面积创面的较好方法。     

小腿前外侧的皮瓣及筋膜瓣的临床应用

目的介绍小腿前外侧的皮瓣筋膜瓣的应用解剖、手术方式、方法及临床应用。方法在14侧成人下肢标本及1条断腿上,观察了腓浅血管的起始部位、行程及皮支的分布情况,设计了小腿前外侧组织瓣的4种术式。1988年以来,临床应用26例。结果术后皮瓣筋膜瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合23例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,20例随访4个月到5年,情况稳定良好,无复发。结论手术操作简单、安全可靠,对供区影响小,是修复小腿及对侧踝及跟部后方创面及治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的一种可供选用的方法。     

Experience with the forearm septofascial flap

Summary Fascia has a well vascularized surface, and when it is covered with a split skin graft, it provides the thinnest possible flap. The authors present their own experience with the use of the forearm septofascial flap in 23 patients. A free septofascial flap was used in 15 patients and an island flap in 8 patients. Seven days later, only 25% of the patients had complete take of the split skin graft, while in 60% of the cases, there was only partial take of the graft. The results at 6 months, regarding appearance of the flap and donor site, were good. In 2 patients, a composite osteofascial flap was used for reconstruction of the mandible. In those patients, the viability of the bone was assessed with scintigraphy. There were no significant complications with the donor site. The forearm septofascial flap proved to be a good and reliable method of reconstruction in those parts of the body where thin cover was required. Constant anatomy and minimal postoperative complications are great advantages of the forearm septofascial flap when compared with other fascial flaps.     

Distally-based superficial sural flap: Advantages of the adipofascial over the fasciocutaneous flap

Abstract

The distally-based superficial sural flap has proved to be an easy and reliable method of reconstruction in soft tissue cover of the distal third part of the leg. There are two ways to prepare this flap: as a fasciocutaneous flap, which includes the fascia with the subcutaneous tissue including the skin; or as an adipofascial flap, which is made up of both the fascia and the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the latter case, the flap is covered with a partial thickness skin graft either immediately after or at a later stage. The aim of this study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the two flaps. The adipofascial flap seems to be better, as it is associated with less donor site morbidity, improved quality of reconstruction, and fewer complications.     

皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则与命名

目的 探讨皮神经营养血管组织瓣的临床应用原则，并提出新的命名方法。方法 总结皮神经营养血管组织瓣的解剖研究和临床经验。结果 皮神经多与皮静脉伴行，在其周围均存在丰富的链式吻合血管丛，显著增加了这类组织瓣的血供。临床以远端(31例)或近端(3例)为蒂，在前臂(26例)和小腿(8例)切取带皮神经和皮静脉营养血管的岛状筋膜皮瓣(20例)和筋膜皮下组织瓣(14例)共34例，长宽比例2．7～5．1：1，平均3．5：1，完全成活。结论 带皮神经营养血管的组织瓣是传统筋膜皮瓣和筋膜皮下组织瓣的特殊范例，临床应用应遵循一定的原则。     

Distally based perforator flaps for reconstruction of post-traumatic defects of the lower leg and foot. A review of the anatomy and clinical outcomes

Study aims

To report the surgical anatomy of the perforator arteries at the lower leg, analyse clinical outcomes in previous studies, and forward methodological recommendations for future studies of post-traumatic perforator flap reconstructions.

Methods

A study sample of 640 human patients drawn from 24 clinical reports was included for review. The sample comprised of four subsets: sural flap reconstructions (n = 257), saphenous flaps (n = 122), supramalleolar flaps (n = 92), and propeller flaps (n = 169).

Results

Statistical analysis of samples from anatomical studies documents significant differences in the perforator distribution from the tibial and peroneal artery; peroneal perforator arteries are randomly organised whereas tibial artery perforators are clustered at three definite levels. The failure rates in clinical studies ranged from 0% to 6%, being lowest for supramalleolar flap reconstructions and highest for saphenous flaps; however, differences between the four subsets were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Due to methodological flaws, outcome comparisons in the actual study sample should be interpreted cautiously; in most clinical studies both risk variables and outcome indicators are poorly defined. The outcome of Dynamic Infrared Thermography imaging of post-transposition changes of flap perfusion is reported.

Summary

Fasciocutaneous perforator flaps seem to have high survival rates and represent a feasible approach to post-traumatic reconstructions, especially in low-resource settings. A template for data gathering is recommended for higher accuracy in future comparative studies, and for scientific analysis of success and risk factors. New imaging techniques indicate a promising potential of micro-circular angiogenesis during the first two weeks after flap transpose.     

Deltopectoral flap revisited: Role of the extended flap in reconstruction of the head and neck

The extended deltopectoral flap is still the best choice in selected cases. During the period 1987-2004, 34 patients required reconstruction of the head and neck using this flap. Twenty-nine had had one or more failed attempts at microsurgical reconstruction after excision of cancer. Five were treated primarily. The flap was divided at least three weeks after the primary operation. All 34 survived, and there were no donor site complications. Twenty-seven patients had an uncomplicated outcome, but the remaining seven required later closure or skin grafting, usually under local anaesthesia, for complications. The extended deltopectoral flap has been used successfully to provide stable coverage of defects in the head and neck and should remain in the armamentarium of reconstructive microsurgeons.     

Regional first web flap used to cover the amputated stump of the thumb

Abstract

The regional first web flap is a distally-based flap that is raised from the radiodorsal aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger towards the dorsal first web, and used to cover a thumb amputation. The advantage of this flap over the conventional cross-finger flap is that is gives a thicker and hairless flap with no skin graft to the donor site. Mobilisation of the joints, including the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger, can also be maintained during the immobilisation period between two stages.