卵巢勃勒纳瘤的CT表现及病理特点

目的：探讨卵巢勃勒纳瘤的CT表现及病理特点,提高对卵巢勃勒纳瘤的影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法：搜集经手术病理证实的6例卵巢勃勒纳瘤患者的临床及影像资料,对肿块的位置、大小、结构、钙化及强化程度等CT表现以及对其病理改变进行回顾性分析。6例勃勒纳瘤均行根治切除术,术后未行放化疗,随访时间为术后3年。结果：6例肿瘤均位于单侧,形态不规则,密度不均,其中5例为良性,1例为交界性。良性者CT表现为囊实性,以囊性为主,内见分隔;其中4例增强后实性部分及分隔呈轻度强化表现,囊性成分无强化;3例合并卵巢囊腺瘤。1例交界性病灶呈实性改变,增强后呈中等度强化。全部病例中肿瘤实性部分均可见钙化。术后3年内CT随访6例患者均无明显复发及转移征象。结论：囊实性肿块的实性部分广泛多形性钙化及常合并卵巢囊性瘤为卵巢勃勒纳瘤的CT特点,有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断。     

基于CT的卵巢静脉追踪结合多平面重组识别移位卵巢

目的探讨基于CT的卵巢静脉追踪结合多平面重组识别移位卵巢的应用价值。方法回顾性分析51例卵巢移位术后患者的CT和临床资料。两位医师共同阅片识别移位卵巢,先后进行常规阅片和采用卵巢静脉追踪结合多平面重组的方法阅片,并测量移位卵巢实性区与毗邻结肠壁的CT值。结果移位卵巢共62个,常规阅片识别移位卵巢44个,识别率71.0%,卵巢静脉追踪结合多平面重组识别移位卵巢及卵巢病灶61个,识别率98.4%。两种方法的识别率有显著差异(P0.01)。后者定位诊断移位卵巢肿物3例,术后证实卵巢囊腺瘤2例,卵巢黄体出血性囊肿1例,常规阅片均未能明确诊断卵巢来源。31个移位卵巢实性区与比邻结肠壁均呈软组织密度影,平扫CT值分别为(46.90±3.33)HU、(48.03±4.35)HU,增强静脉期CT值分别为(68.97±8.06)HU、(69.74±8.49)HU,无显著差异(P0.05)。29个移位卵巢与毗邻结肠壁之间不存在脂肪间隙。结论基于CT的卵巢静脉追踪结合多平面重组的方法能够准确地识别移位卵巢,移位卵巢的确认对腹腔病变的诊断与鉴别诊断意义重大。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的超声及CT表现

目的分析胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的超声及CT表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理学检查证实的11例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像资料,11例均接受超声检查,8例同时行CT扫描。结果超声显示6例呈囊实性,含纤维包膜,与周围正常胰腺分解清楚; 5例呈实性,无包膜; 4例显示钙化;多普勒超声显示4例有少量至中量血流。同时行CT检查的患者,CT平扫显示5例为囊实性混杂密度肿块,3例为实性,2例显示钙化,动脉期实性部分呈现轻度强化,静脉期及延迟期实性部分、壁结节及包膜进一步强化,囊性部分无强化。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的超声及CT表现具有一定的特征性,熟悉这些影像表现有助于准确诊断。     

卵巢Brenner瘤CT表现及与病理对照研究

探讨卵巢Brenner瘤的CT表现,并与病理结果对照,提高该病的诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的卵巢Brenner瘤患者的CT表现,7例患者均行CT增强扫描,并对其CT表现与病理进行对照分析。结果 7例卵巢Brenner瘤均为单发病灶。5例为单纯良性卵巢Brenner瘤,1例为单纯交界性卵巢Brenner瘤,1例为混合性卵巢Brenner瘤(卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤伴Brenner瘤)。5例单纯性良性卵巢Brenner瘤CT平扫均表现为类圆形实性肿块影,边界清晰,瘤体内均见不定形钙化,增强后轻度强化;1例单纯交界性卵巢Brenner瘤CT平扫为囊实性,实性成分可见斑点钙化,增强后实性成分明显强化,囊性成分无强化;1例混合性卵巢Brenner瘤CT检查除可见卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤的影像特点外,右侧附件区见一圆形实性肿块影,边界清晰,瘤体内见多发点状钙化,增强后轻度强化。结论卵巢Brenner瘤的CT表现与病理存在一定的相关性,CT有助于诊断卵巢Brenner瘤。     

卵巢巧克力囊肿的CT诊断

目的分析卵巢巧克力囊肿的CT征象。方法收集经手术病理证实的卵巢巧克力囊肿14例。全部患者均做了CT检查。结果14例中共18个病灶,其中囊性征象14个,囊实性征象4个。14个囊性影中,单房13个,多房1个;4个囊实性影中以囊性为主要表现。单侧病变10例,双侧病变4例。病灶长径平均6cm。囊腔内CT值在14-45HU之间。所有病灶均与周边组织分界不清。结论CT能清晰显示卵巢巧克力囊肿的大小、形态、密度及周围组织情况,且CT表现有一定的特点,可为盆腔肿块的诊断与鉴别诊断,以及术前病变评估提供有力帮助。     

卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT表现与病理对照

目的探讨卵巢硬化性间质瘤(SST)CT影像特征和病理对照,从而提高对SST诊断水平。方法搜集病理证实为SST患者11例,全部病例均行下腹部CT平扫及增强扫描,并对靶病灶进行薄层重建,分析其CT表现。结果 11例SST均为单发,其中右侧7例,左侧4例,CT表现为附件区不规则孤立肿块,边缘尚清,密度欠均匀,9例均为实性,2例为囊实性;增强扫描:9例病灶动脉期呈周边斑片状、结节状明显强化,强化程度与血管相仿,静脉期强化进一步向病灶中心充填,呈"肝脏海绵状血管瘤"样强化;2例病灶动脉期轻中度均匀强化,静脉期持续强化,11例病灶均呈"快进慢出"强化特点,病灶周边见多发迂曲增粗血管影。结论卵巢硬化性间质瘤少见,卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT增强检查多数具有较典型影像学表现,CT检查对其术前诊断有较高价值。     

颈动脉间隙平滑肌瘤伴囊变1例并文献复习

目的探讨颈动脉间隙平滑肌瘤的临床表现、影像和病理特征及其鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例经手术病理证实的颈动脉间隙平滑肌瘤病人的影像及病理资料,并复习相关文献。结果 CT检查显示左侧颈动脉间隙不规则囊实性、多房样肿物,大小约7.5 cm×6.0 cm×4.0 cm,增强检查示病灶实性成分及内部分隔明显强化,其中可见左颈动脉穿行,邻近胸锁乳突肌、颌下腺及左侧咽侧壁受压移位。术中观察肿物呈囊性,边界清,表面光滑,与颈浅部肌肉、血管及神经关系密切。病理诊断为梭形细胞肿瘤;免疫组织化学显示SMA(+),提示平滑肌瘤伴部分囊性变。结论颈动脉间隙平滑肌瘤罕见,临床及影像表现通常无特异性,确切诊断需依靠病理学与免疫组织化学检查。     

卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤CT及MRI表现

目的：探讨卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤的CT及MRI表现特点,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤患者的CT及MRI资料,其中9例行CT平扫及增强扫描,2例行MRI平扫。结果：本组11例中6例呈囊性,5例呈囊实性。囊性病灶与卵巢囊腺瘤的影像表现无法鉴别。3例囊实性病灶在CT增强后于实性区内可见多发小囊样无强化区,呈＂筛孔样＂改变。2例囊实性病灶于MRI T2加权呈低信号的实性部分内可见多发小囊样、索条状高信号,形成＂黑色海绵征＂。结论：＂筛孔征＂及＂黑色海绵征＂是卵巢囊性腺纤维瘤的影像特征,有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断。     

卵巢卵泡膜-纤维瘤的CT和磁共振成像表现及病理对照分析

目的探讨卵巢印泡膜一纤维瘤的CT及磁共振成像（MRI）表现特点,与病理结果进行对照,以提高对卵泡膜一纤维瘤影像表现的认识。方法回顾分析经手术病理证实的26例卵泡膜一纤维瘤患者的临床和影像资料。结果26例患者中行cT检查22例,MRI检查9例,均查者5例。其中1例患者双侧发生,27个肿瘤均呈阋形或分叶状,其中实性肿块18例．囊实性肿块9例。肿块边界均较清楚。其中13例伴有少量盐腔积液,2例伴子宫内膜增生。盆腔均未见肿大淋巴结。CT平扫显示实性肿瘤和囊实性肿瘤的实性部分的密度较子宫肌层相仿,增强后轻度强化或无强化：MRI显示病灶T1WI均呈等低信号,1例病灶T2WI呈稍高信号,8例T2WI呈低信号。镜下见肿瘤细胞呈短梭形,细胞质内含有大量脂肪小滴,细胞核未见明显核分裂。细胞呈漩涡状、束状排列,周丽被大量纤维组织分隔。结论卵巢卵泡膜．纤维瘤的影像表现具有一定的特征,对该病的术前正确诊断具有重要意义     

螺旋CT及肿瘤标志物检测对良恶性卵巢实性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT扫描联合血清肿瘤标志物检测对良恶性卵巢实性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的40例卵巢实性肿瘤(良性肿瘤22例,恶性肿瘤18例)的CT表现和血清肿瘤标志物系列(CA-125、AFP 、CEA)检测结果.结果 恶性肿瘤表现为形态多呈不规则或分叶状肿块、增强扫描明显强化.良性肿瘤表现为规则、边缘光整,增强扫描无强化或强化不明显.全部病例经术前诊断与病理比较显示螺旋CT检查的准确性为72.5%,肿瘤标志物系列检测的准确性为67.5%,CT与肿瘤标志物联合检查的准确性为77.5%,高于单一检查.结论 螺旋CT扫描是卵巢实性肿瘤有价值的检查手段,结合血清肿瘤标志物检测有助于提高卵巢实性肿瘤良恶性的鉴别.     

PET-CT findings in surgically transposed ovaries

The aim of this study is to present the PET/CT findings of surgically transposed ovaries. PET/CT studies and associated abdominal imaging studies of seven women, aged 28-43 years, with 11 transposed ovaries were retrospectively reviewed. Attention was directed to the location and the 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity of the transposed ovaries. On the CT part of the PET/CT, location of the transposed ovaries was in the ipsilateral iliac fossa or paracolic gutter abutting the anterior aspect of the ipsilateral colon (n = 6), posterolateral to the cecum (n = 4) and in the anterior abdominal cavity (n = 1). Ovaries were of soft-tissue density (n = 10 with a hypodense region in two) and one was cystic. In three patients, the transposed ovary was associated with increased FDG uptake with standard uptake values ranging from 2.4 to 4.8. Two of the latter patients had more than one PET/CT study. FDG uptake altered between studies, probably related to the performance of the study on different phases of the cycle. Menstrual history in one of the patients confirmed that the study was performed at the ovulatory-phase of the cycle. To conclude, a transposed ovary may appear on a PET-CT study as a mass with occasionally increased FDG uptake that may be related to its preserved functionality. Physicians interpreting PET/CT should be aware of surgically transposed ovaries in young female patients to avoid misdiagnosing it as tumour.     

Surgical transposition of the ovaries: imaging findings in 14 patients

Pelvic radiation therapy for cervical or vaginal cancer often leads to ovarian failure. To remove the ovaries from the radiation portal and preserve their function, they can be transposed to the lateral abdomen. Serial imaging studies in 14 patients who had undergone ovarian transposition (five bilateral, nine unilateral) were reviewed. Images obtained included 32 CT scans, 20 sonograms, and one MR image. Most transposed ovaries were located along the paracolic gutters near the iliac crests, creating an extrinsic mass effect on adjacent bowel. Detection of surgical clips on the ovary on CT scans allowed confident recognition of all 19 transposed ovaries. Cysts in the transposed ovaries, noted on most imaging studies, did not correlate with complications of pain or hormonal dysfunction. In one case, a large physiologic cyst in a transposed ovary distorted the cecum and was mistaken for a mucocele of the appendix. In another case, a large ovarian cyst was thought to be tumor recurrence or a lymphocele. These findings indicate that although the transposed ovaries can be recognized on CT scans by the surgical clips attached to the ovaries, the appearance of the ovary does not predict reliably the development of complications.     

MSCT在卵巢移位术后观察移位卵巢的应用价值

目的:探讨MSCT在卵巢移位术后观察移位卵巢的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析21例行卵巢移位术患者的临床和MSCT资料,其中11例行MPR及VR后处理,采用卵巢静脉追踪法与卵巢血管蒂征(OVPS)确认移位卵巢。结果:21例共计34个移位卵巢,均位于结肠旁沟,通过卵巢静脉追踪法及OVPS均得到确认;7例伴移位卵巢囊肿。MPR清晰显示OVPS、移位卵巢与结肠毗邻关系,VR直观显示卵巢静脉行径。结论:MSCT对卵巢移位术后移位卵巢中追踪和观察具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Surgical transposition of the ovary: radiologic appearance

Therapeutic irradiation of the pelvis of a young female patient will result in loss of ovarian function. In a surgical technique termed ovarian transposition, the ovary is repositioned to the iliac fossa or paracolic gutter outside the radiation field. The computed tomographic (CT) scans and sonograms of five patients with cervical carcinoma who underwent this procedure were reviewed. The normal transposed ovary was of soft-tissue attenuation, often with one or more small cysts. Large cysts developed in the ovaries of three patients. One cyst was functional, another was due to a mesothelial inclusion cyst, and the third was most probably related to the transposition itself. Since the transposed ovary is difficult to palpate, CT or sonography can be used to demonstrate and follow up a cystic mass. Recognition of the appearance and location of the transposed ovary is important to avoid misinterpretation of a solid or cystic mass in patients who are at risk for tumor recurrence.     

Detection of the gonadal veins in the diagnosis of transposed ovaries in patients with cervical carcinoma: a useful sign on MDCT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the detectability of the gonadal vein of transposed ovaries in patients with uterine cervical cancer on MDCT. CONCLUSION: Gonadal veins and surgical clips of transposed ovaries can be shown with high consistency on MDCT. Tracking the gonadal veins and detecting the surgical clips may prevent the transposed ovaries from being misinterpreted as peritoneal implants.     

Ovarian and para-aortic recurrence from cervix cancer detected by PET/CT

We present the case of a 34-year-old woman diagnosed of an adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix, stage IIB of the FIGO classification (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics), treated with quimiotherapy, radiotheraphy and brachytheraphy with posterior hysterectomy. A recurrence of the disease was suspected due to the progressive rise of CEA levels. A PET/CT revealed abnormal foci in both ovaries, that had been transposed to avoid lesions due to radiation, and in a left para-aortic adenopathy. The diagnosis of recurrence in these sites was confirmed by biopsy. PET with FDG (F18-fluorodeoxyglucose) is useful in the staging of primary tumour and in the detection of recurrence in uterine cervical carcinoma, with better sensitivity and specificity than CT and MRI. PET/CT improves anatomic resolution and helps to resolve the origin of unclear foci like in the case presented in which ovaries were not in their normal situation due to transposition.     

MRI follow-up of pisiform bone transposition for treatment of lunatomalacia

 Objective. Transposition of the pisiform bone is an operative treatment for lunatomalacia. The postoperative viability of the transposed pisiform bone is difficult to assess. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the utility of MRI for postoperative assessment of viability of the pisiform and lunate bones. Design and patients. Six patients who underwent transposition of the pisiform for treatment of lunatomalacia, were assessed pre- and postoperatively with conventional radiographs (including tomography), CT and MRI. Results. Conventional radiographs, conventional tomograms and CT were all useful in demonstrating the location of the transposed pisiform. CT showed the transposed pisiform without superposition. However, neither CT nor conventional techniques provided information regarding viability of the pisiform. In all patients investigated in the first year following surgery, T1-weighted MR images showed high signal intensity in the transposed bones. In all patients investigated after 1 year, the signal intensity decreased to an intermediate level on T1-weighted images. Enhancement following contrast medium administration in the transposed pisiform and the lunate was noted in all patients, indicative of viability. Conclusion. Contrast-enhanced MRI is able to provide important information regarding the viability of the transposed pisiform and the remaining parts of the lunate. Thus, contrast-enhanced MRI provides an improved means of postoperative assessment regarding short-term follow-up following pisiform transposition. In the long-term follow-up conventional radiography and CT may be equal to MRI in showing increasing sclerosis and/or fragmentation.     

Imaging of transposed ovaries in patients with cervical carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Lateral ovarian transposition is a surgical procedure performed in premenopausal women with pelvic malignancies in which the ovaries are surgically displaced from the pelvis, before radiation therapy. In this article, we present the imaging features of normal transposed ovaries as well as the spectrum of abnormalities associated with lateral ovarian transposition. CONCLUSION: After lateral ovarian transposition, it is important to recognize the ovaries to avoid confusing them with peritoneal implants. In addition, benign ovarian lesions must be distinguished from primary and secondary malignancies.     

Prevalence of abnormal CT findings in patients with proven ovarian torsion and a proposed triage schema

Many women with ovarian torsion present with nonspecific abdominal/pelvic pain and initially receive computed tomography (CT). We hypothesize that the CT scans preformed on these women will all show abnormalities of the involved ovary. Our purpose is to review cases of surgically proven ovarian torsion at our institution over the last 20 years, assessing CT findings in women with ovarian torsion. A retrospective review of all patients at our institution with surgically proven ovarian torsion from 1985–2005 was conducted. Two physicians reviewed available CT reports, and a radiologist reviewed all available images. CT was obtained in 33% of the 167 patients. Dictated reports were available for 28 studies; all described an enlarged ovary, ovarian cyst, or adnexal mass of the involved ovary. Radiologist review of the available CT images confirmed these findings. This series supports the claim that a CT scan with well-visualized normal appearing ovaries rules out ovarian torsion, while abnormal pelvic findings or failure to visualize the ovaries in women with pelvic pain necessitates further evaluation of torsion. There was no extramural support for this investigation.     

Ovarian metastases in transposed ovaries: x-ray computed tomographic aspect. Report of a case

Ovarian transposition is frequently performed as part of the treatment of gynaecological cancers in young women. A case of metastases in transposed ovaries is reported. The authors emphasise the role of this technique and the features observed on computed tomography, an essential examination for the follow-up of these patients.