Herbert螺钉微创治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的总结利用Herbert螺钉及微创外科技术治疗腕舟骨骨折的临床应用。方法2006年2月至2009年2月,Herbert螺钉微创治疗18例腕舟骨骨折。术前斜矢状位CT确诊骨折及分型;术中结节部小切口入路,采用克氏针闭合间接撬拨复位技术、导向针一次性穿人技术、Herbert螺钉加压髓内固定技术;术后避免骨折不利活动,循序渐进功能锻炼。结果18例随访4～14个月,平均12个月;均骨性愈合,骨愈合时间7～10周,平均9周;CT示1例螺钉穿透皮质骨;1例轻度畸形愈合;1例术中骨折复位困难,行切开复位内固定;18例均无感染、骨不连、骨坏死、创伤性关节炎等并发症;按Krimmer腕关节功能总体疗效评分,优13例,良3例,满意1例,差1例,优良率为88．9％。结论应用Herbert螺钉及微创外科技术治疗腕舟骨骨折疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨采用经皮Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对采用经皮Herbert螺钉内固定治疗的28例腕舟骨骨折进行回顾性分析。结果本组获随访5~18个月,骨折均获骨性愈合。术后腕关节功能评定结果:优21例,良5例,可2例,优良率92.9%。结论采用经皮Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折,疗效满意,值得推广应用。     

腕关节镜辅助下双枚Herbert螺钉经皮内固定微创治疗不稳定腕舟骨骨折

目的:探讨腕关节镜辅助下双枚Herbert螺钉经皮内固定微创治疗不稳定腕舟骨骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法:自2019年1月至2020年2月,我们应用腕关节镜辅助下双枚Herbert螺钉经皮内固定微创治疗不稳定腕舟骨骨折6例,其中骨折Herbert分型ⅡA型1例,ⅡB型2例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型B型1例,术后随诊X线片观察骨折愈...     

掌侧经皮Herbert螺钉微创治疗腕舟骨骨折11例报告

目的探讨经皮Herbert螺钉微创内固定治疗新鲜腕舟骨骨折的疗效。方法 2012年9月~2016年9月我科采用掌侧经皮导针定位Herbert螺钉内固定治疗11例新鲜腕舟骨骨折(Herbert分型A2型8例,B2型2例,B3型1例)。结果手术时间45~80 min,平均65 min;术中出血2~30 ml,平均11 ml。术中透视及术后X线片均证实骨折复位良好,螺钉位置良好,切口术后2周拆线,均愈合良好。11例随访3~18个月,平均8个月,骨折均骨性愈合。按改良Mayo腕关节功能评分,优9例,良1例,可1例,优良率90.9%(10/11)。结论对新鲜腕舟骨骨折采用经皮闭合复位Herbert螺钉内固定治疗效果满意。     

经皮微创Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨腰部骨折

目的探讨闭合复位掌侧入路经皮微创Herbert螺钉内固定治疗新鲜腕舟骨腰部骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2017年9月闭合复位经皮掌侧入路Herbert螺钉内固定治疗的15例新鲜腕舟骨腰部骨折患者,其中男12例,女3例;年龄23~48岁,平均(36.5±3.5)岁。按Herbert骨折分型,A2型9例,B2型6例。腕托或石膏托固定2~3 d后开始腕关节活动,定期复查腕关节正侧位片及舟骨片了解骨折愈合情况,按照Krimmer评分标准对腕关节功能评定。结果15例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均(13.5±1.2)个月。所有病例骨折均愈合,愈合时间8~12周,平均为(10.5±1.5)周。Krimmer评分,13例100分,2例90分,优良率100%。结论经皮Herbert螺钉内固定术是治疗新鲜腕舟骨腰部骨折有效的微创方法,固定牢靠,允许早期功能锻炼,临床疗效满意。     

Herbert螺钉治疗非稳定型腕舟骨骨折

稳定的腕舟骨骨折可通过手法复位、石膏外固定等治疗获得愈合,但非稳定型腕舟骨骨折治疗后易发生骨不连,必须进行手术治疗.2005年4月-2008年3月,笔者应用Herbert螺钉治疗非稳定型腕舟骨骨折12例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

应用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的介绍用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗不稳定型腕舟骨骨折及腕舟骨骨折骨不连的疗效.方法 1992年12月至1996年12月,用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗不稳定型腕舟骨骨折20例,腕舟骨骨折骨不连14例.结果不稳定型腕舟骨骨折失访5例,15例术后平均随访12.8个月,骨折全部愈合;腕关节活动范围在106°～128°之间.腕舟骨骨折骨不连14例术后平均随访18.3个月,骨折愈合率为85.7%.结论 Herbert螺钉治疗腕舟骨骨折具有对骨折端的加压作用、固定稳固、可经关节面置入、无需取出等优点.     

腕舟骨骨折应用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法2005年1月至2010年12月对20例腕舟骨骨折切开复位后行Herbert螺钉内固定,术后给予石膏固定,定期复查,随访时间6～18个月,平均12．8个月。观察骨折愈合情况和腕关节功能的恢复情况。结果所有患者均达到骨性愈合,愈合时间3．0-6．0个月,平均4．6个月。未发生手术切口感染、骨折不愈合、骨不连、创伤性关节炎、腕舟骨缺血性坏死等并发症。1例轻度畸形愈合,活动无影响;1例患腕部有轻度活动受限,握力正常。结论Herbert螺钉内固定手术治疗能明显提高腕舟骨骨折的愈合率,防止腕关节功能障碍的发生,疗效确切。     

Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折10例

目的探讨Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的治疗效果。方法回顾及分析我院2007年10月至2008年11月应用Herbert螺钉内固定手术治疗腕舟骨不稳定骨折10例的临床应用情况,共10例,男7例,女3例,年龄20-45岁,平均25.6岁。骨折均为新鲜性,腕舟骨腰部骨折6例,近极骨折2例,远极骨折2例;10例中闭合性骨折7例,开放性骨折3例,其中1例合并全身多处外伤。通过随访患者术后手腕功能恢复情况,进行描述性研究。结果随访12-36个月,平均24个月,所有病例均获得骨性愈合。参照Cooney临床评分系统进行评估,优8例,良1例,可1例,优良率为90%。结论 Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折具有创伤小、骨折固定牢靠、内固定无需再次取出等优点。     

经皮舟骨结节入路Herbert螺钉内固定治疗非移位性腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨Herbert螺钉治疗腕舟骨骨折的临床效果。方法 2010年1月-2014年7月,采用Herbert螺钉微创治疗15例腕舟骨骨折。术中结节部小切口入路,采用克氏针闭合临时固定、导向针一次性穿入、Herbert螺钉内固定技术。结果 15例骨愈合时间为术后7.5～10周,平均8.5周。患者均获随访,随访时间8～22个月,平均12个月。14例术后患手握力恢复至健侧的87.4%(82%～94%),患侧腕关节屈伸活动度恢复至健侧的86.5%(84%～98%)。除1例患者体力劳动后自觉有轻度腕痛改变原工作外,余病例术后疼痛消失,均恢复原工作。所有患者腕掌侧舟骨结节小切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染等并发症发生。结论经皮腕掌侧舟骨结节入路Herbert螺钉内固定是一种微创、骨折愈合率高、并发症相对较少的舟骨骨折有效治疗方法,值得推广应用。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.