64层螺旋CTA对肾动脉变异及左肾静脉解剖的研究

目的 评价64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对观察肾动脉变异及左肾静脉(LRV)解剖的价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析105名正常人的64层螺旋CT肾血管影像资料,观察肾动脉变异及LRV解剖,测量肠系膜上动脉(SMA)与腹主动脉(AA)之间的夹角(α)、SMA与AA夹角间隙内LRV中心水平SMA的后缘与AA前缘之间的距离(D1)、SMA与AA夹角间隙内十二指肠中心水平SMA的后缘与AA前缘之间的距离(D2)、SMA与AA夹角间隙内LRV中心与SMA起始根部中心的距离(D3)、SMA与AA夹角间隙内十二指肠中心与SMA起始根部中心的距离(D4),同时测量LRV通过α角时的内径(a),近左肾侧最大内径(b),计算b/a值,并进行统计学分析. 结果 105名正常人共210只肾脏,肾动脉变异分别占病例数和肾脏数的32.4%(34/105)和17.6%(37/210),其中Ⅰ类(肾门前肾动脉分支)13只肾脏,Ⅱ类(肾副动脉)24只肾脏.α、D1、D2、D3、D4、a、b、b/a的均值分别为(51.2±18.5) °、(13.4±6.0) mm、(17.0±7.2) mm、(20.3±5.0) mm、(56.9±12.5) mm、(5.8±2.0) mm、(10.5±2.3) mm、(2.0±0.9),α角与D1、D2、a 存在正相关,α角与D3、D4、b/a之间存在负相关,α角与b不存在相关性. 结论 64层螺旋CTA可清晰显示肾动脉变异、LRV和十二指肠的解剖关系,并准确测量SMA与AA之间的夹角,对指导肾脏手术及诊断胡桃夹综合征(nutcracker syndrome,NCS)和十二指肠淤积症有重要的临床价值.     

国人肝动脉解剖及变异:160例多层螺旋CT血管造影分析

目的 :探讨国人肝动脉的解剖变异分型及多层螺旋CT血管造影 (MSCTA )显示肝动脉解剖的诊断符合率。方法 :分析 160例国人肝动脉的CT血管造影 ,并与DSA( 2 4例 )或手术 ( 12例 )结果进行对照 ,所有病例均在MX 80 0 0型 4层螺旋CT机上进行。动脉期层厚为 3 .2mm ,重建间隔为 1.6mm ,螺距为 1.2 5 ,延迟时间 2 5s ,对比剂用量以 1.5ml/kg计算。评价 160例CT血管造影中肝动脉的显示分支的级别以及起源部位 ,并根据Michels分型进行分类。结果 :正常肝动脉解剖占 67.5 %,肝动脉解剖变异占 3 2 .5 %。 3 6例有DSA或手术结果者 ,MSCTA显示肝动脉解剖的诊断符合率为97.2 %。结论 :CT血管造影在显示肝动脉解剖及变异方面具有较高的符合率 ,有望应用于介入、手术以及肝移植术前的评价。     

64层螺旋CT肝动脉血管成像的临床应用

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像对肝动脉正常解剖和变异的显示及临床指导价值。方法:305例患者行肝动脉64层螺旋CT血管成像,准直宽度0.625mm、螺距0.984,标准重建。成像方法采用多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)。以Michels分型观察肝动脉的解剖与变异类型。结果:305例患者中,肝脏肿瘤190例,其他115例。Michels分型Ⅰ型255例,Ⅱ型30例,Ⅲ型19例,Ⅴ型1例。其中50例肝脏肿瘤患者的DSA表现与CTA对照,肝动脉解剖及变异的诊断符合率为100%。结论:64层螺旋CT肝动脉血管成像能够准确的显示肝动脉解剖及变异,并能明确肿瘤血管异位侧支来源,对临床手术、介入治疗及肝脏移植具有重要指导作用。     

64排螺旋CT肝动脉血管成像的临床初步研究

目的探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像对肝动脉正常解剖和变异的显示及临床指导价值。资料与方法选择60例肝脏占位性病变患者行肝动脉64排螺旋CT血管成像,所有图像均以最小层厚0.67mm、间隔0.33mm重组传送到工作站。采用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)两种方法进行后处理,以Michels分型观察肝动脉的解剖与变异类型。结果正常肝动脉解剖共36例;肝动脉起源变异24例。其中属于Michels分型的有4种共17例,最多的是MichelsⅡ型7例,其次为Ⅲ型4例;Ⅴ型和Ⅸ型各3例。未被列入Michels分型的其他类型共7例(11.7%)。以DSA或手术为对照的26例中,CT血管成像对肝动脉解剖及变异的诊断符合率为100%。结论64排螺旋CT肝动脉血管成像能够准确地证实肝动脉解剖与变异,并能明确肿瘤血管异位侧支来源,为临床手术、介入治疗及肝移植等提供更多信息。     

活体肾动脉解剖的多层螺旋CT研究

目的 研究肾动脉的活体解剖及其变异规律.方法 随机选择202例因腹部病变而行64层螺旋CT增强扫描的患者作回顾性肾动脉系相关参数的分析研究.在Siemens Sensation Cardic 64 CT工作站采用层厚1.0 mm、重建间隔0.7 mm动脉期图像做3D (VR,MIP)图像后处理.结果 肾动脉变异率为67.3%(136/202),包括肾动脉型肾副动脉(ⅡB)占43.4%(59/136),AA型肾动脉(ⅠA)占40.4%(55/136),AA型肾副动脉(ⅡA)占34.6%(47/136),肾门前动脉(ⅠB)占26.5%(36/136),其他型肾动脉(ⅠC)发生率仅为0.7%(1/136).肾动脉变异率在双肾及男女之间无显著性差异.右侧肾动脉高于左侧者占71.8%,左侧高于右侧占24.3%,双侧等高54.0%,且无明显的性别差异.正常成年男性右 侧肾动脉管径为(0.69±0.14) cm,左侧为(0.74±0.16) cm,正常成年女性右侧肾动脉管径为(0.65±0.16) cm,左侧为(0.64±0.13) cm,男性两侧肾动脉管径有统计学差异,女性两侧肾动脉管径无统计学差异.肾动脉管径与相应肾体积相关系数r均＜0.4,呈低度线性相关.结论 肾动脉多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)已成为肾动脉检查的首选方法.     

十二指肠乳头MSCT仿真内镜技术临床应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真内镜(CTVE)技术在十二指肠乳头检测方面的临床应用价值.资料与方法 对30名健康自愿者行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描并行CTVE重组,观察十二指肠乳头形态,测量其大小,并与轴位图像对照.结果 CTVE重组图像显示十二指肠乳头呈结节型16名,呈"V"型8名,"Y"型6名.CTVE重组图像测量十二指肠乳头直径为(0.84±0.17)cm,轴位图像测量其直径为(0.77±0.11)cm,两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.061).结论 利用CTVE可以观察十二指肠乳头形态并测量其大小,为十二指肠乳头及其周围病变的检测提供了一种方便、无创、准确的临床检查方法.     

脊髓动脉64排CT血管成像解剖学研究

目的 评价64排CT 血管成像(CTA)对脊髓动脉的显示能力及其影像学解剖特征.方法 121例(男87例,女34例)行64排CT胸腹联合增强扫描的患者,获得原始图像后,图像经颅脑CT算法及小视野二次重建,利用多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、斜面重建(OPR)和曲面重建(CPR) 观察脊髓动脉特征:①脊髓前动脉(ASA)和大根髓动脉(AA)显示率;②ASA影像解剖特点;③AA影像解剖特点.结果 121例共可在CTA上确定显示ASA 121支(100%),ASA显示范围为T4～L2;AA的显示率为100%,其中22例(22/121,18%)出现副AA动脉;AA起源于左侧肋间动脉和腰升动脉的89例(89/121,81%),其中80支源于第T8～L2 水平(80/89,90%);AA动脉供血动脉(肋间动脉或腰动脉)的直径(2.8±0.82) mm,男性组(3.0±0.66) mm,女性组(2.7±0.91) mm;发出AA的根髓动脉椎间孔段直径为(1.7±0.41) mm, 男性组(1.8±0.37) mm,女性组(1.7±0.33) mm;AA 起始部平均直径(1.6±0.27) mm,男性组(1.6±0.44) mm,女性组(1.6±0.23) mm;AA汇入ASA 前直径(1.3±0.41) mm,男性组(1.3±0.54) mm,女性组 (1.3±0.44) mm.以上各血管直径在男女组间没有统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 脊髓动脉的解剖学特征复杂,64排CT可以对其进行较好的评价.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术前利用256层螺旋CT血管成像技术评估胆囊动脉

目的经过256层螺旋CT血管成像技术察看胆囊癌、胆囊炎时胆囊动脉显示状况、能否影响胆囊动脉起源,并测量胆囊动脉管径及横截面积。方法选取在我院行上腹增强扫描检查并提示胆囊癌、胆囊炎及胆囊未见异常患者的影像资料,观察并记录各组资料胆囊动脉显示率、显示评分、起源,并测量胆囊动脉直径及横截面积。结果胆囊炎组91例,胆囊动脉显示率96.7%(88/91),其中胆囊动脉起源变异13例(14.8%),88例患者中,显示评分1分19例、2分69例;胆囊癌30例,胆囊动脉显示率96.7%(29/30),其中胆囊动脉起源变异5例(17.2%),29例患者中,显示评分1分3例、2分26例;胆囊正常组100例,胆囊动脉显示率94.0%(94/100),其中胆囊动脉变异16例(17%),94例患者中,显示评分1分58例、2分36例。各组间进行统计分析,胆囊动脉显示率及起源变异无统计学意义(P0.05),胆囊动脉显示评分有统计学意义(P0.05);对各组胆囊动脉直径及横截面积的测量:胆囊炎症组98支,直径平均(1.99±0.39)mm,横截面积平均(3.30±1.25)mm2,胆囊癌组30支,直径平均(2.44±0.69)mm,横截面积平均(5.11±3.46)mm2,胆囊正常组101支,直径平均(1.78±0.30)mm,横截面积平均(2.59±0.83)mm2,各组间比较,有显著差异(P0.05)。结论胆囊合并胆囊炎及胆囊癌时256层螺旋CT可以很好的评估胆囊动脉,能够作为腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术前检查。     

基于64排螺旋CT扫描数据的肝血管解剖变异分析

目的:通过64排螺旋CT及肝脏CT诊断辅助分析系统对肝血管进行三维解读,观察分析肝血管的解剖和变异。方法:搜集200例行上腹部64排螺旋CT增强扫描无改变血管解剖结构的疾病检查者。利用IQQA-Liver肝脏CT解读软件对肝血管进行三维定量分析、显示及分支标记,并对血管解剖和变异进行分析。结果:IQQA-Liver分割及标记血管耗时短,且个体化血管3D定量模型形态逼真,立体感强,真实反映了肝血管的解剖结构和变异。正常肝动脉解剖134例(67%),变异肝动脉66例(33%)。正常门静脉解剖143例(71.5%),解剖变异57例(28.5%)。肝中、肝左静脉合并汇入下腔静脉148例(74%)。直径>3mm右后下肝静脉的显示率为36.5%(73/200)。结论:IQQA-Liver三维定量分析及成像可真实反映肝血管的形态结构,为肝脏的虚拟手术设计提供了可实时交互的血管解剖变异各种3D模型,为上腹部脏器介入治疗提供了活体解剖学数据。     

MSCT血管成像对肝动脉解剖变异的诊断价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT血管成像对肝动脉解剖变异诊断的准确性.方法:430例肝移植患者,均于术前行3期多层螺旋CT增强检查,并利用最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再积(VR)技术行肝动脉血管成像.根据Michels分型对肝动脉解剖进行分型.所有患者的多层螺旋CT血管成像结果均与手术结果进行对比研究.结果:430例患者中MichelsⅠ型316例(73.49%),肝动脉解剖变异114例(26.51%),其中MichelsⅡ型20例(4.65%),Ⅲ型48例(11.16%),V型2例(0.47%),Ⅵ型3例(0.70%),Ⅷ型1例(0.23%),Ⅸ型4例(0.93%).另外36例肝动脉变异难以包括在Michels分型中,术前多层螺旋CT血管成像结果与手术结果对照显示所有血管成像诊断为肝动脉解剖变异的病例均与手术结果相符,但在诊断为正常型的病例中3例手术结果显示存在迷走肝左动脉起自胃左动脉.结论:多层螺旋CT血管成像可以对肝动脉解剖结构及变异进行准确的判断,应作为相关手术前肝动脉检查的首选检查方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.