成人髋臼发育不良的髋臼周围截骨术

髋臼周围截骨术(Periacetabular Osteotomy)的目的是移动发育不良的髋臼，使其更接近解剖部位，矫正髋臼结构缺损，提供股骨头包容，使通过髋关节的力的分布更正常，避免行全髋关节置换术。适用于髋臼发育不良出现疼痛症状，X线表现少或无继发性退变但髋关节外展位X线片显示关节面相吻合的患者。如果存在髋外翻，骨盆截骨联合内翻粗隆     

Bernese髋臼周围截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

髌臼发育不良引起病理性关节负重,是造成继发性髋关节炎最常见的原因之一。据报道,50岁时患髋关节骨性关节炎者25％～50％是由髋臼发育不良引起的。髋关节发育不良的基本病理改变是股骨头髋臼覆盖的减少,结果导致股骨头的不稳定及前外侧移位,在髋臼边缘形成了慢性剪力。剪力长期作用,最终将形成髋臼唇缘的变性,导致髋关节的骨性关节炎。Bernese髋臼周围截骨术可以纠正异常的解剖结构,减少髋关节的负重,改善相对年轻患者髋关节骨性关节炎的预后。     

改良Bernese髋臼周围截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

[目的]介绍经改良的经髂腹股沟入路在骨盆内壁行Bemese髋臼周围截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良.[方法] 10例髋关节发育不良造成髋关节疼痛的患者行髂腹股沟入路髋臼周围截骨术,并对原截骨方法进行适当改良.患者平均年龄29岁,术前患者平均疼痛2.5年,髋关节活动度正常或基本正常,髋关节间隙正常或轻度狭窄.术前术后均测量CE角和AC角及Harris评分.[结果]术后10例经12 ～28个月(平均20个月)的随访.髋术后疼痛明显减轻,髋关节活动度保持正常.术后CE角和AC角及Harri评分明显改善,术中术后无明显并发症发生.[结论]骨盆内髋臼周围截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良可以获得良好疗效.     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良

目的 :介绍髋臼旋转截骨术 (RAO)治疗髋臼发育不良 (DDH)的方法及疗效。方法 :对 2 4例 2 8髋DDH施行RAO ,按将CE角矫正至 3 0°的术前设计 ,在距髋臼缘 2 0cm处做穹隆状截骨 ,将髋臼向前外下方旋转 ,交叉克氏针固定。本组中髋关节骨性关节炎 (OAH)前期 4髋 ,早期 15髋 ,进展期 9髋 ,平均CE角 16 4° ,Sharp角 48 6° ,AHI 3 3 8%。结果 :经平均 3年 2个月随访 ,平均疼痛增加 2 3 6分 ,步行能力增加 2 6分 ,关节活动范围增加 0 4分 ,生活工作障碍程度增加 2 4分 ,CE角增加 16 7° ,Sharp角减少 16 6° ,AHI增加 48 8%。原疼痛、跛行症状均缓解 ,恢复正常劳动及工作。共出现并发症 2例 ,大转子固定螺钉松脱 1例 ,轻度臀中肌无力步态 1例。结论 :RAO手术可矫正头臼间异常的匹配关系 ,使头臼间的应力分布均匀 ,避免或延缓OAH的发生和发展 ,对髋关节的骚扰小 ,截骨处易愈合 ,是治疗DDH合并早、中期OAH的理想术式     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗先天性髋臼发育不良

介绍髋臼旋转截骨术治疗先天性髋臼发育不良。方法：该术式通过髋臼周围截骨,旋转髋臼向前外侧、内侧及下方移位,以恢复发育不良髋臼的正确位置,并增加髋臼覆盖面。结果：在１９９０～１９９７年间,应用该术式治疗先天性髋臼发育不良病人１２例（１３髋）,年龄在１８～４８岁间。所有病人均获随访１～７年（平均３年８个月）,术后髋痛、跛行完全消失或有明显改善,髋关节活动范围基本正常。ＣＥ角和Ｓｈａｒｐ角均基本恢复正常。结论：该术式设计合理,适应证广泛,术后疗效确切,是先天性髋臼发育不良患者的择优手术方案。     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的 探讨治疗成人髋臼发育不良的新方法。方法 沿髋臼缘截骨，通过髋臼的整体旋转来加大髋臼对股骨头的包容。结果 6例平均随访2．5年，根据Gordon等标准评定疗效，优4例，良2例。结论 该方法是治疗成人髋臼发育不良的有效方法。     

髋臼周围截骨治疗重度髋臼发育不良

重度髋臼发育不良的治疗方法目前还存在争论。作者采用Bernese髋臼周围截骨治疗16例，其中8例合并髋关节半脱位，8例合并继发性髋臼。6例同时行股骨近端截骨。术后摄片分析畸形矫正程度、截骨愈合和骨关节炎的发生情况。结果显示髋臼畸形矫正满意，所有截骨完全愈合。Harris评分从73．4分提高至91．3分。主要并发症为：1例髋臼固定失败需重新手术固定，     

伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术对严重髋臼发育不良的治疗

目的 研究和分析使用伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术治疗严重髋臼发育不良的中期临床和影像学结果.方法 1997年10月至2002年12月对18例(20髋)严重髋臼发育不良(Severin分级Ⅳb级)的患者接受了伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术.患者手术时平均年龄21岁,平均随访时间6.2年.本组患者术前患髋均已出现疼痛,术前功能位片显示关节面吻合.术后影像学评价畸形的矫正范围,截骨处的愈合情况及关节炎的进展.临床结果和髋关节功能由Harris评分进行评价,术前Harris评分平均78.5分.结果 比较术前和术后X线片,外侧中心边缘角(CE角)、前方CE角和臼顶倾斜角均有显著改善.所有髂骨截骨均愈合.患者术后末次随访Harris评分平均91.1分.18例患者中的14例对手术效果表示满意.20髋中16髋临床结果优.但有5髋存在畸形矫正不足.结论 伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术是治疗严重髋臼发育不良的有效术式.这一截骨术可以在各个平面对严重的骨缺损进行矫正,中期临床结果令人满意.     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良

目的探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良的疗效。方法应用髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良16例（18髋）,截骨线距臼周缘2 cm,做穹隆状截骨,凿断后再用弧度骨凿将髋臼向前外下方旋转。髋臼矫正到较正常位置后,截骨间隙呈楔形状,用类似间隙大小的楔形同种异体骨块嵌入,并用可注射状人工骨填满间隙,最后用2枚可吸收螺钉固定。测定并比较术前和术后JOA评分、CE角和Sharp角。结果16例均获随访,时间442个月。术后摄片髋关节复位位置好,股骨头及髋臼形状基本正常。髋臼旋转截骨及植入骨块2个月后骨性愈合,6个月后髋关节功能恢复正常17髋,较差1髋,无患髋的骨性关节炎病变继续恶化。JOA评分：术前为75.2分±3.1分,术后为93.5分±3.5分;CE角：术前为15.8°±1.3°,术后为33.4°±1.7°;Sharp角：术前为47.3°±2.5°,术后为29.8°±2.1°。JOA评分术后增加18.3分;CE角增加17.6°,Sharp角减少17.5°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论髋臼旋转截骨术可矫正头臼间异常的匹配关系,使疼痛得到缓解,并使骨性关节炎的过程得到有效遏制,是治疗髋臼发育不良合并早、中期骨性关节炎的理想术式。     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗早中期髋关节发育不良

目的探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗早中期髋关节发育不良的手术技术要点及中期疗效。方法2000年5月至2006年5月对12例（14髋）早、中期髋关节发育不良患者进行了髋臼旋转截骨术,所有患者均为女性,手术时年龄13—46岁,平均28．9岁。随访时间3．1—9．1年,平均6．0年。术前、术后及随访时X线片上测量CE角,髋臼顶角及头外移指数。Harris评分判断髋关节功能。手术采用Oilier外侧“U”形入路,股骨大转子截骨显露。术后未行外固定。结果患者疼痛症状得到明显改善,Harris评分术前72分,术后91分（P〈0．001）。CE角术前0．9°,术后27°（P〈0．001）;髋臼顶角术前为29°,术后5°;头外移指数术前为0．68,术后0．65。所有病例截骨块及股骨大转子截骨处愈合良好。结论Oilier外侧“U”形入路行髋臼旋转截骨术髋臼缘显露充分;治疗早中期髋关节发育不良可以缓解疼痛,延缓骨关节炎的进展速度,中期随访疗效满意。     

髋臼成形截骨治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的　探讨治疗成人髋臼发育不良的新方法。方法　沿髋臼上缘截骨 ,截骨后将骨瓣尽量向下翻转以加大髋臼对股骨头的包容。截骨间隙采用髂骨植骨填充并用克氏针固定。结果　 18例平均随访 3 5年 ,根据Gordon标准评定疗效 ,优 9例 ,良 7例 ,中 2例。结论　该方法是治疗成人髋臼发育不良的有效方法     

Periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of severe acetabular dysplasia

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of severe acetabular dysplasia with subluxation of the femoral head or the presence of a secondary acetabulum remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of surgical correction and the early clinical results obtained with the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of severely dysplastic hips in adolescent and young adult patients. METHODS: Sixteen hips in thirteen patients with an average age of 17.6 years (range, 13.0 to 31.8 years) were classified as having severe acetabular dysplasia (Group IV or V according to the Severin classification). Eight hips were classified as subluxated, and eight had a secondary acetabulum. Preoperatively, all patients had hip pain and sufficient hip joint congruency on radiographs to be considered candidates for the osteotomy. All sixteen hips underwent a Bernese periacetabular osteotomy, and six of them underwent a concomitant proximal femoral osteotomy. Postoperatively, the hips were assessed radiographically to evaluate correction of deformity, healing of the osteotomy site, and progression of osteoarthritis. Clinical results and hip function were measured with the Harris hip score at an average of 4.2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Comparison of preoperative and follow-up radiographs demonstrated an average improvement of 44.6 degrees (from -20.5 degrees to 24.1 degrees ) in the lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg, an average improvement of 51.0 degrees (from -25.4 degrees to 25.6 degrees ) in the anterior center-edge angle of Lequesne and de Seze, and an average improvement of 25.9 degrees (from 37.3 degrees to 11.4 degrees ) in acetabular roof obliquity. The hip center was translated medially an average of 10 mm (range, 0 to 31 mm). All iliac osteotomy sites healed. The average Harris hip score improved from 73.4 points preoperatively to 91.3 points at the time of the latest follow-up. Eleven of the thirteen patients (fourteen of the sixteen hips) were satisfied with the result of the surgery, and fourteen hips had a good or excellent clinical result. Major complications included loss of acetabular fixation, which required an additional surgical procedure, in one patient and overcorrection of the acetabulum and an associated ischial nonunion in another patient. Both patients had a good clinical result at the time of the latest follow-up. There were no major neurovascular injuries or intra-articular fractures. CONCLUSIONS: The periacetabular osteotomy is an effective technique for surgical correction of a severely dysplastic acetabulum in adolescents and young adults. In this series, the early clinical results were very good at an average of 4.2 years postoperatively; the two major complications did not compromise the good clinical results.     

Three-dimensional gait analysis of adults with hip dysplasia after rotational acetabular osteotomy

Dysplasia of the hip, the most common cause of secondary coxarthrosis, has a relatively high prevalence in Japan. Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an interventional strategy that seeks to reduce the abnormal amount of high stress concentration in the acetabulum and thereby to prevent the development of coxarthrosis. Long-term clinical results have been reported, but functional evaluations of the gait before and after RAO are underreported. The aim of our recently initiated long-term prospective study is to assess the effect of RAO on the gait characteristics of patients using quantitative gait analysis. Thus far 22 patients (1 male, 21 females; mean age 30 years, range 15–43 years) have been enrolled, treated, and completed the preoperative and postoperative gait analyses. Hip pain during walking decreased in all patients after the RAO. The postoperative hip extension motion angle on the treated side increased significantly and correlated positively with the improvement in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) pain score. The current study shows that coxalgia and gait function improved after RAO.     

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia of the hip with a giant acetabular bone cyst: a case report

In acetabular dysplasia of the hip joint accompanied by a giant acetabular bone cyst, rotational acetabular osteotomy may cause serious complications, such as bone necrosis after surgery or fracture of the fragile acetabulum during the operation. In a patient with this condition, we performed a two-stage operation: first, autogenous bone grafting supplemented with hydroxyapatite filling, then rotational acetabular osteotomy (after new bone formation had been assured). Radiographs and CT scans showed favorable fusion of the grafted bone. Some 18 months after the second operation, arthrograms showed no inflow of contrast medium from the articular cavity into the bone cyst region, although this had been observed before treatment. Thus, an effective remodeling of bony congruency was indicated in the mobile acetabulum 5 years after the second operation. This two-stage operation appears to be useful for correcting acetabular dysplasia accompanied by a giant bone cyst and to carry a reduced risk of serious complications, such as deterioration of the articular surface of the acetabulum or necrosis of the translocated acetabulum.     

Bombelli's valgus-extension osteotomy for osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia: results at 10 to 14 years

Severe osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia (n = 17) was treated with valgus-extension osteotomy, and the patients' clinical outcomes 10–14 years after operation were evaluated according to clinical factors (Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score; JOA score) and by roentgenography. The mean JOA score 10 years or later had improved by 22 points compared with the preoperative score. On roentgenography, joints which had preoperative roof osteophyte had better postoperative formation of roof osteophyte. The JOA score was higher in the 12 joints which had osteophyte 5 mm or longer than in those joints with osteophyte that was 5 mm or shorter. Postoperative joint space widening occurred in 15 joints (88.2%) 3–6 months postoperatively, and it reached the maximum at 3–5 years. In patients who had a large bone cyst in the femoral head preoperatively, the cyst collapsed, and deformation of femoral head occurred after operation, but remodeling of the joint surface occurred naturally and the congruity improved. In the 6 joints in which the preoperative acetabular head index was less than 60% and the acetabular angle was larger than 30°, the JOA score at 10 years or later was lower than that of the other joints. Based on these findings, valgus-extension osteotomy was evaluated as a useful surgical method for advanced or terminal osteoarthritis in young or middle-aged patients. Predictive factors for long-term prognosis would be the preoperative length of roof osteophyte, joint space widening, and the degree of femoral head covering. Received: December 1, 1999 / Accepted: May 29, 2000     

经髋臼基底三联截骨术治疗青少年髋臼发育不良

目的: 介绍经髋臼基底三联截骨术治疗青少年髋臼发育不良。方法: 2000年 3月~2004年 2月改进Tǒnnis术式, 设计经髋臼基底三联截骨治疗 22例患者。术前X线片显示:CE角为-25~15°, 平均 8. 4°; Sharp角为 45 ~70°, 平均 58. 6°: 臼头指数为 31% ~76%, 平均 61. 4%; ACP角为100~170°, 平均 139. 8°。CT片示: 髋臼前CE角大于正常, 髋臼前断面角和前倾角小于正常。CT三维重建示: 前、后外侧壁边缘角, 外侧髋臼倾斜角均大于正常, 水平面髋臼旋转角小于正常。结果: 16例 ( 16髋 ) 有 12 ~30个月(平均 20个月) 的随访结果。X线片示: CE角平均 32. 6°(15~52°), 比术前增大约 25°; Sharp角平均 41. 5°(38~46°), 减小约 18°; 臼头指数平均 81. 6% (69% ~89% ), 增大约 20%; ACP角平均 171. 1° ( 140 ~180°), 增大约31°。CT示: 髋臼前CE角和前倾角变小, 髋臼前断面变大。CT三维重建示: 髋臼前、后外侧壁边缘角变小, 外侧髋臼倾斜角变小, 水平面髋臼旋转角变大。结论: 经髋臼基底三联截骨术治疗青少年髋臼发育不良能够获得满意疗效。